Gross enrolment ratio, early childhood education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) by country

Name: Gross enrolment ratio, early childhood education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Creator: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
License: CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)

Countries reporting

161

Highest

1.15 GPIA

Turks and Caicos Islands

Lowest

0.8495 GPIA

Bermuda

Median

1 GPIA

Years covered

1997–2020

Data points

2,591

What the numbers show

Gross enrolment ratio, early childhood education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) is currently reported for 161 countries. The highest value is 1.15 GPIA in Turks and Caicos Islands; the lowest is 0.8495 GPIA in Bermuda.

The median across all reporting countries is 1 GPIA, and the mean is 1.01 GPIA.

Over the past decade 67 countries rose and 91 fell. The largest increase was in Turks and Caicos Islands (up 24.0%), and the largest decrease in Tuvalu (down 21.4%).

Gross enrolment ratio, early childhood education, adjusted gender: full country ranking

#	Country	Latest	Year	10-year change	Trend
1	Turks and Caicos Islands	1.15 GPIA	2018	up 24.0%	flat
2	Palau	1.15 GPIA	2014	down 2.0%	flat
3	Senegal	1.11 GPIA	2019	down 1.2%	flat
4	Sierra Leone	1.1 GPIA	2019	up 3.0%	flat
5	Madagascar	1.1 GPIA	2019	up 6.4%	rising
6	Azerbaijan	1.09 GPIA	2019	up 9.6%	rising
7	Sao Tome and Principe	1.08 GPIA	2016	up 3.0%	flat
8	Cambodia	1.08 GPIA	2012	up 0.8%	flat
9	Bahamas	1.08 GPIA	2018	up 6.0%	flat
10	Indonesia	1.07 GPIA	2018	down 0.4%	flat
11	Fiji	1.07 GPIA	2009	up 5.6%	flat
12	Nauru	1.07 GPIA	2019	up 5.1%	rising
13	Antigua and Barbuda	1.06 GPIA	2018	up 8.1%	rising
14	Tonga	1.06 GPIA	2015	down 17.2%	falling
15	Kuwait	1.06 GPIA	2019	up 11.0%	falling
16	Maldives	1.06 GPIA	2019	up 1.9%	flat
17	Niger	1.06 GPIA	2019	up 13.0%	flat
18	Sri Lanka	1.06 GPIA	2018	down 3.0%	flat
19	Dominica	1.06 GPIA	2019	up 2.3%	falling
20	Samoa	1.06 GPIA	2019	down 3.9%	falling
21	Liechtenstein	1.05 GPIA	2016	up 13.3%	flat
22	Ecuador	1.05 GPIA	2018	down 2.7%	flat
23	Suriname	1.05 GPIA	2019	down 0.2%	flat
24	Democratic Republic of Congo	1.05 GPIA	2018	down 0.5%	rising
25	Saudi Arabia	1.05 GPIA	2019	up 10.9%	rising
26	Rwanda	1.04 GPIA	2019	up 4.5%	rising
27	Armenia	1.04 GPIA	2019	down 7.6%	falling
28	Burundi	1.04 GPIA	2019	up 3.6%	rising
29	Lesotho	1.04 GPIA	2016	up 0.5%	flat
30	Albania	1.04 GPIA	2012	down 5.3%	falling
31	Hong Kong	1.04 GPIA	2019	down 0.5%	flat
32	East Timor	1.04 GPIA	2019	down 2.6%	flat
33	Bangladesh	1.04 GPIA	2018	up 2.9%	flat
34	Uganda	1.04 GPIA	2017	down 0.8%	flat
35	Oman	1.04 GPIA	2019	up 4.5%	rising
36	Honduras	1.04 GPIA	2019	up 1.1%	flat
37	Central African Republic	1.04 GPIA	2011	down 2.7%	flat
38	Jamaica	1.04 GPIA	2019	up 3.0%	flat
39	Grenada	1.03 GPIA	2017	down 0.2%	falling
40	United Arab Emirates	1.03 GPIA	2016	up 4.6%	rising
41	Mali	1.03 GPIA	2018	down 2.4%	flat
42	Malaysia	1.03 GPIA	2019	down 3.9%	flat
43	Saint Lucia	1.03 GPIA	2019	up 0.9%	flat
44	Barbados	1.03 GPIA	2011	down 2.7%	flat
45	Bahrain	1.03 GPIA	2019	up 1.4%	flat
46	Iran	1.03 GPIA	2016	down 5.2%	flat
47	Togo	1.03 GPIA	2019	down 1.0%	flat
48	Cote d'Ivoire	1.03 GPIA	2019	up 5.4%	rising
49	Belize	1.03 GPIA	2019	down 1.5%	flat
50	Laos	1.03 GPIA	2019	down 0.9%	flat
51	Benin	1.02 GPIA	2019	down 2.4%	rising
52	Panama	1.02 GPIA	2017	up 4.0%	flat
53	El Salvador	1.02 GPIA	2018	down 0.6%	flat
54	Zimbabwe	1.02 GPIA	2013	up 23.4%	flat
55	Mexico	1.02 GPIA	2018	up 1.0%	flat
56	North Macedonia	1.02 GPIA	2018	up 2.1%	rising
57	Kazakhstan	1.02 GPIA	2019	up 3.0%	flat
58	Dominican Republic	1.02 GPIA	2019	up 14.1%	flat
59	Equatorial Guinea	1.02 GPIA	2015	up 22.0%	falling
60	Cameroon	1.02 GPIA	2019	down 0.8%	flat
61	Sudan	1.02 GPIA	2017	down 2.0%	flat
62	Vietnam	1.02 GPIA	2019	up 4.0%	flat
63	Trinidad and Tobago	1.02 GPIA	2019	up 2.0%	flat
64	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1.02 GPIA	2018	up 1.8%	flat
65	Solomon Islands	1.02 GPIA	2018	up 2.7%	flat
66	Tunisia	1.02 GPIA	2016	up 2.0%	rising
67	Guatemala	1.02 GPIA	2019	down 1.3%	flat
68	Netherlands	1.02 GPIA	2018	up 1.1%	flat
69	Ghana	1.02 GPIA	2019	down 0.9%	flat
70	Bolivia	1.02 GPIA	2018	up 1.3%	flat
71	Peru	1.02 GPIA	2019	down 0.3%	flat
72	Seychelles	1.02 GPIA	2019	down 1.4%	rising
73	Argentina	1.01 GPIA	2017	down 0.5%	flat
74	Brunei	1.01 GPIA	2019	up 0.0%	flat
75	Liberia	1.01 GPIA	2017	—	rising
76	Cape Verde	1.01 GPIA	2018	up 0.2%	rising
77	Venezuela	1.01 GPIA	2017	down 0.3%	flat
78	Kyrgyzstan	1 GPIA	2019	up 1.0%	rising
79	Thailand	1 GPIA	2019	down 1.3%	flat
80	British Virgin Islands	1 GPIA	2018	down 3.7%	flat
81	Tanzania	1 GPIA	2019	down 2.7%	flat
82	China	1 GPIA	2019	up 5.9%	rising
83	Egypt	1 GPIA	2019	up 4.0%	flat
84	Latvia	1 GPIA	2018	up 0.6%	flat
85	Romania	1 GPIA	2018	down 0.5%	flat
86	Norway	1 GPIA	2018	down 0.1%	falling
87	Uruguay	1 GPIA	2018	down 1.0%	flat
88	Serbia	1 GPIA	2019	down 0.5%	flat
89	Iraq	0.9999 GPIA	2007	up 0.0%	flat
90	South Korea	0.9996 GPIA	2018	up 0.6%	flat
91	Greece	0.9985 GPIA	2012	down 2.8%	flat
91	San Marino	0.9985 GPIA	2019	up 6.7%	flat
93	Mongolia	0.998 GPIA	2018	down 6.7%	falling
94	Mauritius	0.9969 GPIA	2019	down 3.0%	flat
95	Burkina Faso	0.9967 GPIA	2019	down 1.6%	flat
96	France	0.9962 GPIA	2018	up 0.1%	flat
97	Costa Rica	0.996 GPIA	2019	down 0.4%	flat
98	Poland	0.9958 GPIA	2018	down 1.3%	flat
99	Finland	0.9957 GPIA	2018	up 0.3%	flat
100	Ireland	0.9957 GPIA	2018	down 0.2%	flat
101	Bhutan	0.9957 GPIA	2020	up 6.6%	rising
102	Lithuania	0.9955 GPIA	2018	down 0.5%	flat
103	Palestine	0.9934 GPIA	2019	up 1.6%	flat
104	Jordan	0.9931 GPIA	2019	up 6.6%	rising
105	Croatia	0.9928 GPIA	2018	up 3.0%	flat
106	Colombia	0.9926 GPIA	2007	down 3.3%	flat
107	Spain	0.9922 GPIA	2018	down 0.8%	flat
108	Germany	0.9921 GPIA	2018	down 0.0%	flat
109	Eritrea	0.9918 GPIA	2018	up 1.2%	rising
110	Austria	0.9912 GPIA	2018	down 0.5%	flat
111	Estonia	0.991 GPIA	2018	down 0.6%	flat
112	Bulgaria	0.9907 GPIA	2018	up 0.1%	flat
113	Sweden	0.9907 GPIA	2018	down 0.4%	flat
114	Congo	0.9905 GPIA	2012	down 7.7%	falling
115	Vanuatu	0.99 GPIA	2013	down 2.4%	falling
116	Portugal	0.9893 GPIA	2018	down 0.6%	flat
117	Malta	0.9886 GPIA	2017	down 1.2%	flat
118	Slovenia	0.9871 GPIA	2018	down 0.3%	rising
119	Iceland	0.9861 GPIA	2018	down 0.7%	flat
120	Israel	0.9859 GPIA	2018	down 1.5%	flat
121	Moldova	0.9843 GPIA	2019	down 0.1%	flat
122	Georgia	0.9833 GPIA	2006	down 4.1%	flat
123	Cayman Islands	0.9824 GPIA	2018	down 9.0%	flat
124	Chile	0.9818 GPIA	2018	down 6.2%	flat
125	Luxembourg	0.9815 GPIA	2018	down 0.7%	flat
126	New Zealand	0.9808 GPIA	2018	—	flat
127	Switzerland	0.9804 GPIA	2018	down 2.0%	flat
128	Ukraine	0.9792 GPIA	2012	up 0.9%	flat
129	Russia	0.9787 GPIA	2018	down 0.4%	flat
130	Aruba	0.9782 GPIA	2014	down 5.6%	flat
131	Cuba	0.9781 GPIA	2019	down 6.9%	flat
132	Slovakia	0.9779 GPIA	2018	up 0.8%	flat
133	Italy	0.9779 GPIA	2018	down 0.5%	flat
134	Denmark	0.9765 GPIA	2018	down 1.3%	flat
135	Kenya	0.9736 GPIA	2016	up 3.0%	flat
136	Qatar	0.9736 GPIA	2019	up 2.6%	rising
137	Czechia	0.9727 GPIA	2018	up 0.0%	flat
138	Macao	0.972 GPIA	2019	down 0.6%	flat
139	Hungary	0.9685 GPIA	2018	down 1.6%	flat
140	Philippines	0.9675 GPIA	2018	down 6.3%	falling
141	Belarus	0.9674 GPIA	2018	down 1.2%	flat
142	Australia	0.964 GPIA	2018	down 1.2%	falling
143	Chad	0.9619 GPIA	2019	up 10.4%	rising
144	Cyprus	0.9618 GPIA	2018	down 2.2%	flat
145	Syria	0.9616 GPIA	2013	up 2.3%	flat
146	Turkey	0.9611 GPIA	2018	—	flat
147	Guyana	0.9578 GPIA	2012	down 4.5%	falling
148	Algeria	0.9577 GPIA	2010	down 3.3%	flat
149	Guinea	0.9565 GPIA	2011	down 2.7%	flat
150	Montenegro	0.9536 GPIA	2019	down 4.0%	falling
151	Ethiopia	0.9482 GPIA	2015	down 1.9%	flat
152	Uzbekistan	0.9401 GPIA	2019	down 7.4%	falling
153	Marshall Islands	0.9174 GPIA	2016	down 7.5%	falling
154	Nepal	0.9093 GPIA	2019	down 5.2%	rising
155	Morocco	0.8928 GPIA	2019	up 15.7%	rising
156	Tuvalu	0.8874 GPIA	2019	down 21.4%	falling
157	Saint Kitts and Nevis	0.8774 GPIA	2016	down 12.1%	falling
158	Tajikistan	0.8655 GPIA	2017	up 2.0%	flat
159	Pakistan	0.8617 GPIA	2019	down 2.5%	flat
160	Djibouti	0.8519 GPIA	2020	down 20.1%	falling
161	Bermuda	0.8495 GPIA	2015	down 8.2%	falling

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

Caribbean Small States 1.03 GPIA
European Union 0.975 GPIA
Other small states 1.03 GPIA
Small states 1.02 GPIA
Pre-demographic dividend 1.01 GPIA
IBRD only 1.01 GPIA
Sub-Saharan Africa 1.01 GPIA
Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.01 GPIA
Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 1.01 GPIA
Early-demographic dividend 1 GPIA
Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 1 GPIA
Low income 1 GPIA
Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 1 GPIA
Latin America & Caribbean 1 GPIA
Least developed countries 1 GPIA
Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 0.9997 GPIA
East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.9981 GPIA
Upper middle income 0.9973 GPIA
East Asia & Pacific 0.9972 GPIA
East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 0.9968 GPIA
Middle income 0.9962 GPIA
Low & middle income 0.9925 GPIA
Arab World 0.9923 GPIA
Late-demographic dividend 0.9917 GPIA
Central Europe and the Baltics 0.9903 GPIA
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.9895 GPIA
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 0.9865 GPIA
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 0.9861 GPIA
IDA only 0.9859 GPIA
Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.982 GPIA
Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 0.98 GPIA
Europe & Central Asia 0.9777 GPIA
Euro area 0.9669 GPIA
IDA blend 0.9635 GPIA

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Gross enrolment ratio, early childhood education, adjusted gender by country. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 27 August 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/gross-enrolment-ratio-early-childhood-education-adjusted-gender-parity-index-gpia/

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About this data

Indicator: Gross enrolment ratio, early childhood education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit: GPIA
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence: CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage: 195 places, 2,591 data points, 1997–2020
Last refreshed: 21 August 2026

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/