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Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) by country

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI...

Countries reporting
181
Highest
1.87 GPIA
Qatar
Lowest
0 GPIA
Tuvalu
Median
1.15 GPIA
Years covered
51
1970–2020
Data points
7,092

What the numbers show

Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) is currently reported for 181 countries. The highest value is 1.87 GPIA in Qatar; the lowest is 0 GPIA in Tuvalu.

The median across all reporting countries is 1.15 GPIA, and the mean is 1.06 GPIA.

Over the past decade 111 countries rose and 57 fell. The largest increase was in Eritrea, The State of (up 368.0%), and the largest decrease in Dominica (down 45.5%).

Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity i: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 Qatar 1.87 GPIA 2019 up 2.2% rising
2 Maldives 1.72 GPIA 2017 up 18.3% volatile
3 Barbados 1.55 GPIA 2011 down 2.6% rising
4 Seychelles 1.55 GPIA 2019 — volatile
5 St. Lucia 1.53 GPIA 2019 down 5.1% rising
6 Samoa 1.53 GPIA 2018 — volatile
7 Kuwait 1.51 GPIA 2019 down 3.3% rising
8 St. Kitts and Nevis 1.5 GPIA 2015 down 2.1% flat
9 Namibia 1.49 GPIA 2017 up 75.8% rising
10 Guyana 1.49 GPIA 2012 up 1.5% rising
11 Aruba, Kingdom of the Netherlands 1.48 GPIA 2016 up 12.8% rising
12 Oman 1.46 GPIA 2019 up 14.4% rising
13 Iceland 1.46 GPIA 2018 down 0.9% rising
14 Tunisia 1.46 GPIA 2019 up 9.1% rising
15 Bahrain, Kingdom of 1.45 GPIA 2019 up 2.1% rising
16 British Virgin Islands 1.44 GPIA 2018 up 5.1% falling
17 Dominican Republic 1.44 GPIA 2017 up 5.7% rising
18 Jamaica 1.43 GPIA 2015 down 7.5% rising
19 Venezuela 1.41 GPIA 2008 up 7.1% rising
20 Uruguay 1.4 GPIA 2006 down 3.5% rising
21 Belize 1.4 GPIA 2019 up 0.4% falling
22 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1.4 GPIA 2015 — volatile
23 Argentina 1.4 GPIA 2017 up 4.9% rising
24 Suriname 1.4 GPIA 2002 up 18.6% rising
25 Tonga 1.4 GPIA 2003 — rising
26 Algeria 1.4 GPIA 2018 up 8.9% rising
27 Palestine 1.39 GPIA 2019 up 12.7% rising
28 Sri Lanka 1.38 GPIA 2019 down 4.5% rising
29 Sweden 1.37 GPIA 2018 up 0.1% rising
30 Cuba 1.37 GPIA 2018 down 2.1% rising
31 Puerto Rico 1.37 GPIA 2018 up 0.7% flat
32 Panama 1.36 GPIA 2016 down 1.4% rising
33 Albania 1.36 GPIA 2019 up 7.4% rising
34 Brunei Darussalam 1.36 GPIA 2019 down 5.7% rising
35 Lesotho, Kingdom of 1.35 GPIA 2018 up 16.3% rising
36 Estonia, Republic of 1.34 GPIA 2018 down 5.3% rising
37 Poland, Republic of 1.34 GPIA 2018 up 3.3% rising
38 Slovak Republic 1.34 GPIA 2018 down 2.1% rising
39 Bermuda 1.33 GPIA 2018 down 12.1% rising
40 Cabo Verde 1.33 GPIA 2018 up 7.7% rising
41 Latvia, Republic of 1.33 GPIA 2018 down 10.1% rising
42 Norway 1.32 GPIA 2018 down 4.1% rising
43 Botswana 1.32 GPIA 2019 up 65.6% rising
44 New Zealand 1.32 GPIA 2018 down 0.7% rising
45 South Africa 1.32 GPIA 2018 up 2.1% rising
46 Slovenia, Republic of 1.31 GPIA 2018 down 1.1% rising
47 Paraguay 1.3 GPIA 2010 up 2.1% rising
48 Israel 1.3 GPIA 2018 up 5.8% rising
49 Thailand 1.29 GPIA 2016 up 21.8% rising
50 Myanmar 1.29 GPIA 2018 up 1.9% rising
51 Mongolia 1.29 GPIA 2018 down 5.8% falling
52 Mauritius 1.29 GPIA 2017 up 12.2% volatile
53 Czechia 1.28 GPIA 2018 up 3.4% rising
54 Croatia, Republic of 1.28 GPIA 2018 up 6.7% rising
55 Serbia, Republic of 1.28 GPIA 2019 up 4.5% rising
56 Denmark 1.27 GPIA 2018 down 2.3% rising
57 Lithuania, Republic of 1.27 GPIA 2018 down 5.6% rising
58 United Kingdom 1.27 GPIA 2018 down 0.6% rising
59 United States 1.27 GPIA 2018 down 1.7% rising
60 Honduras 1.27 GPIA 2018 down 6.0% rising
61 Malta 1.27 GPIA 2018 down 3.0% rising
62 Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China 1.27 GPIA 2019 up 38.2% rising
63 Australia 1.26 GPIA 2018 — rising
64 Moldova, Republic of 1.26 GPIA 2019 down 1.7% flat
65 Italy 1.26 GPIA 2018 down 2.9% rising
66 Montenegro 1.25 GPIA 2019 up 1.8% falling
67 Armenia, Republic of 1.25 GPIA 2019 up 5.1% flat
68 Canada 1.25 GPIA 2018 down 2.0% rising
69 North Macedonia, Republic of 1.24 GPIA 2018 up 6.7% rising
70 Brazil 1.24 GPIA 2011 up 3.3% flat
71 Philippines 1.24 GPIA 2017 up 3.4% flat
72 Belgium 1.24 GPIA 2018 up 2.2% rising
73 Malaysia 1.23 GPIA 2019 down 1.4% rising
74 Romania 1.21 GPIA 2018 down 3.9% rising
75 Kyrgyz Republic 1.21 GPIA 2019 down 3.5% rising
76 Trinidad and Tobago 1.21 GPIA 2004 up 69.9% rising
77 Grenada 1.2 GPIA 2018 down 6.4% flat
78 France 1.2 GPIA 2018 down 1.0% rising
79 Vietnam 1.2 GPIA 2016 up 22.8% rising
80 Bulgaria 1.19 GPIA 2018 down 4.1% flat
81 Kazakhstan, Republic of 1.19 GPIA 2019 down 1.7% flat
82 Hungary 1.18 GPIA 2018 down 9.1% rising
83 Costa Rica 1.18 GPIA 2019 down 1.6% rising
84 China, People's Republic of 1.18 GPIA 2019 up 13.9% rising
85 Spain 1.17 GPIA 2018 down 1.6% rising
86 Austria 1.16 GPIA 2018 down 0.1% rising
87 Fiji, Republic of 1.16 GPIA 2005 — rising
88 Belarus, Republic of 1.16 GPIA 2018 down 12.4% flat
89 Jordan 1.16 GPIA 2018 up 4.7% rising
90 Finland 1.16 GPIA 2018 down 3.3% rising
91 Russian Federation 1.15 GPIA 2018 down 8.9% flat
92 Guatemala 1.15 GPIA 2015 up 12.3% volatile
93 Colombia 1.14 GPIA 2018 up 15.2% rising
94 Ecuador 1.14 GPIA 2015 up 0.6% rising
95 Chile 1.14 GPIA 2018 up 11.0% rising
96 Azerbaijan, Republic of 1.14 GPIA 2019 up 15.3% rising
97 Ukraine 1.13 GPIA 2014 down 4.2% flat
98 Indonesia 1.13 GPIA 2018 up 24.5% rising
99 Luxembourg 1.13 GPIA 2018 up 17.6% rising
100 Portugal 1.12 GPIA 2018 down 3.1% rising
101 Syrian Arab Republic 1.12 GPIA 2016 up 22.6% rising
102 Netherlands, The 1.12 GPIA 2018 up 2.0% rising
103 Georgia 1.12 GPIA 2019 down 9.0% rising
104 El Salvador 1.12 GPIA 2018 up 1.0% rising
105 Ireland 1.11 GPIA 2018 down 3.9% rising
106 Lao People's Democratic Republic 1.1 GPIA 2019 up 39.9% rising
107 India 1.1 GPIA 2019 up 53.6% rising
108 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China 1.1 GPIA 2019 up 15.3% rising
109 Nicaragua 1.1 GPIA 2002 up 11.8% rising
110 Libya 1.1 GPIA 2003 up 25.8% volatile
111 Cyprus 1.08 GPIA 2018 up 12.3% rising
112 Saudi Arabia 1.07 GPIA 2019 down 11.8% rising
113 Bhutan 1.06 GPIA 2020 up 69.8% rising
114 Nepal 1.05 GPIA 2019 up 71.0% rising
115 Peru 1.05 GPIA 2017 down 1.9% rising
116 São Tomé and Príncipe, Democratic Republic of 1.04 GPIA 2015 — volatile
117 Mexico 1.04 GPIA 2018 up 6.6% rising
118 Egypt, Arab Republic of 1.03 GPIA 2017 up 35.4% rising
119 Germany 1.03 GPIA 2018 up 9.7% rising
120 Switzerland 1.03 GPIA 2018 up 3.9% rising
121 Morocco 1.03 GPIA 2019 up 16.2% rising
122 Sudan 1.02 GPIA 2015 down 8.8% falling
123 Dominica 1 GPIA 1993 down 45.5% rising
124 Greece 1 GPIA 2018 down 6.2% rising
125 Madagascar, Republic of 0.9502 GPIA 2018 up 6.3% rising
126 Eswatini, Kingdom of 0.9444 GPIA 2013 down 16.2% rising
127 Cambodia 0.9434 GPIA 2019 up 68.4% volatile
128 Türkiye, Republic of 0.8983 GPIA 2018 up 16.5% rising
129 Cameroon 0.8862 GPIA 2018 up 11.8% rising
130 Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.8845 GPIA 2018 down 21.9% rising
131 Pakistan 0.8709 GPIA 2018 up 2.8% rising
132 Ghana 0.8471 GPIA 2019 up 36.8% rising
133 Zimbabwe 0.84 GPIA 2015 up 14.6% rising
134 Rwanda 0.8357 GPIA 2019 up 9.2% volatile
135 Uzbekistan, Republic of 0.8273 GPIA 2019 up 19.8% falling
136 Angola 0.8257 GPIA 2016 up 26.5% rising
137 Comoros, Union of the 0.812 GPIA 2014 up 4.5% rising
138 Mozambique, Republic of 0.8058 GPIA 2018 up 31.2% rising
139 Korea, Republic of 0.8028 GPIA 2018 up 13.3% rising
140 San Marino, Republic of 0.7708 GPIA 2019 down 41.1% falling
141 Djibouti 0.7581 GPIA 2011 up 4.7% volatile
142 Tajikistan, Republic of 0.7571 GPIA 2017 up 52.7% rising
143 Senegal 0.7502 GPIA 2019 up 30.5% rising
144 Zambia 0.7371 GPIA 2012 up 58.3% rising
145 Kenya 0.7371 GPIA 2017 up 24.7% rising
146 Uganda 0.7297 GPIA 2014 up 20.0% rising
147 Bangladesh 0.7183 GPIA 2019 up 19.8% volatile
148 Eritrea, The State of 0.709 GPIA 2016 up 368.0% volatile
149 Gambia, The 0.6994 GPIA 2012 up 210.1% rising
150 Nigeria 0.6919 GPIA 2011 down 11.5% rising
151 Côte d'Ivoire 0.6903 GPIA 2017 up 38.6% rising
152 Congo, Republic of 0.6687 GPIA 2017 up 218.7% volatile
153 Tanzania, United Republic of 0.658 GPIA 2019 down 20.2% volatile
154 Lebanon 0.6473 GPIA 1985 up 87.8% rising
155 Niger 0.6364 GPIA 2019 up 71.3% volatile
156 Liberia 0.6246 GPIA 2012 up 12.3% rising
157 Malawi 0.6239 GPIA 2011 up 66.0% rising
158 Mauritania, Islamic Republic of 0.6117 GPIA 2019 up 51.7% rising
159 Burundi 0.608 GPIA 2018 up 39.3% rising
160 Iraq 0.5954 GPIA 2005 up 9.9% rising
161 Gabon 0.5873 GPIA 2003 up 37.2% rising
162 Papua New Guinea 0.5701 GPIA 1999 up 68.8% rising
163 Liechtenstein, Principality of 0.565 GPIA 2018 up 9.4% rising
164 Burkina Faso 0.5617 GPIA 2019 up 16.2% rising
165 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0.5588 GPIA 2016 up 59.4% volatile
166 Togo 0.5304 GPIA 2019 up 94.6% volatile
167 Ethiopia, The Federal Democratic Republic of 0.4832 GPIA 2014 up 44.8% rising
168 Benin 0.4674 GPIA 2018 up 25.6% rising
169 Yemen, Republic of 0.4402 GPIA 2011 up 29.7% rising
170 Guinea 0.4314 GPIA 2014 up 150.2% volatile
171 Mali 0.418 GPIA 2015 down 16.9% volatile
172 Sierra Leone 0.4151 GPIA 2002 — volatile
173 Central African Republic 0.3669 GPIA 2012 up 91.8% volatile
174 Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of 0.3452 GPIA 2018 up 46.0% rising
175 Haiti 0.3346 GPIA 1986 up 10.9% rising
176 Chad 0.29 GPIA 2015 up 350.2% volatile
177 Gibraltar 0 GPIA 2010 — flat
177 Kiribati 0 GPIA 2012 — flat
177 Naoero, Republic of 0 GPIA 2008 — flat
177 Solomon Islands 0 GPIA 2009 — flat
177 Tuvalu 0 GPIA 2009 — flat

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

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Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity i by country. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 18 August 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/gross-enrolment-ratio-for-tertiary-education-adjusted-gender-parity-index-gpia/

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About this data

Indicator
Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit
GPIA
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
224 places, 7,092 data points, 1970–2020
Last refreshed

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/