Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) by country

Name: Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Creator: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
License: CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)

Countries reporting

176

Highest

1.87 GPIA

Qatar

Lowest

0.29 GPIA

Chad

Median

1.16 GPIA

Years covered

1970–2020

Data points

7,092

What the numbers show

Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) is currently reported for 176 countries. The highest value is 1.87 GPIA in Qatar; the lowest is 0.29 GPIA in Chad.

The median across all reporting countries is 1.16 GPIA, and the mean is 1.09 GPIA.

The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 6.

Over the past decade 111 countries rose and 57 fell. The largest increase was in Eritrea (up 368.0%), and the largest decrease in Dominica (down 45.5%).

Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity: full country ranking

#	Country	Latest	Year	10-year change	Trend
1	Qatar	1.87 GPIA	2019	up 2.2%	rising
2	Maldives	1.72 GPIA	2017	up 18.3%	volatile
3	Barbados	1.55 GPIA	2011	down 2.6%	rising
4	Seychelles	1.55 GPIA	2019	—	volatile
5	Saint Lucia	1.53 GPIA	2019	down 5.1%	rising
6	Samoa	1.53 GPIA	2018	—	volatile
7	Kuwait	1.51 GPIA	2019	down 3.3%	rising
8	Saint Kitts and Nevis	1.5 GPIA	2015	down 2.1%	flat
9	Namibia	1.49 GPIA	2017	up 75.8%	rising
10	Guyana	1.49 GPIA	2012	up 1.5%	rising
11	Aruba	1.48 GPIA	2016	up 12.8%	rising
12	Oman	1.46 GPIA	2019	up 14.4%	rising
13	Iceland	1.46 GPIA	2018	down 0.9%	rising
14	Tunisia	1.46 GPIA	2019	up 9.1%	rising
15	Bahrain	1.45 GPIA	2019	up 2.1%	rising
16	British Virgin Islands	1.44 GPIA	2018	up 5.1%	falling
17	Dominican Republic	1.44 GPIA	2017	up 5.7%	rising
18	Jamaica	1.43 GPIA	2015	down 7.5%	rising
19	Venezuela	1.41 GPIA	2008	up 7.1%	rising
20	Uruguay	1.4 GPIA	2006	down 3.5%	rising
21	Belize	1.4 GPIA	2019	up 0.4%	falling
22	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1.4 GPIA	2015	—	volatile
23	Argentina	1.4 GPIA	2017	up 4.9%	rising
24	Suriname	1.4 GPIA	2002	up 18.6%	rising
25	Tonga	1.4 GPIA	2003	—	rising
26	Algeria	1.4 GPIA	2018	up 8.9%	rising
27	Palestine	1.39 GPIA	2019	up 12.7%	rising
28	Sri Lanka	1.38 GPIA	2019	down 4.5%	rising
29	Sweden	1.37 GPIA	2018	up 0.1%	rising
30	Cuba	1.37 GPIA	2018	down 2.1%	rising
31	Puerto Rico	1.37 GPIA	2018	up 0.7%	flat
32	Panama	1.36 GPIA	2016	down 1.4%	rising
33	Albania	1.36 GPIA	2019	up 7.4%	rising
34	Brunei	1.36 GPIA	2019	down 5.7%	rising
35	Lesotho	1.35 GPIA	2018	up 16.3%	rising
36	Estonia	1.34 GPIA	2018	down 5.3%	rising
37	Poland	1.34 GPIA	2018	up 3.3%	rising
38	Slovakia	1.34 GPIA	2018	down 2.1%	rising
39	Bermuda	1.33 GPIA	2018	down 12.1%	rising
40	Cape Verde	1.33 GPIA	2018	up 7.7%	rising
41	Latvia	1.33 GPIA	2018	down 10.1%	rising
42	Norway	1.32 GPIA	2018	down 4.1%	rising
43	Botswana	1.32 GPIA	2019	up 65.6%	rising
44	New Zealand	1.32 GPIA	2018	down 0.7%	rising
45	South Africa	1.32 GPIA	2018	up 2.1%	rising
46	Slovenia	1.31 GPIA	2018	down 1.1%	rising
47	Paraguay	1.3 GPIA	2010	up 2.1%	rising
48	Israel	1.3 GPIA	2018	up 5.8%	rising
49	Thailand	1.29 GPIA	2016	up 21.8%	rising
50	Myanmar	1.29 GPIA	2018	up 1.9%	rising
51	Mongolia	1.29 GPIA	2018	down 5.8%	falling
52	Mauritius	1.29 GPIA	2017	up 12.2%	volatile
53	Czechia	1.28 GPIA	2018	up 3.4%	rising
54	Croatia	1.28 GPIA	2018	up 6.7%	rising
55	Serbia	1.28 GPIA	2019	up 4.5%	rising
56	Denmark	1.27 GPIA	2018	down 2.3%	rising
57	Lithuania	1.27 GPIA	2018	down 5.6%	rising
58	United Kingdom	1.27 GPIA	2018	down 0.6%	rising
59	United States	1.27 GPIA	2018	down 1.7%	rising
60	Honduras	1.27 GPIA	2018	down 6.0%	rising
61	Malta	1.27 GPIA	2018	down 3.0%	rising
62	Macao	1.27 GPIA	2019	up 38.2%	rising
63	Australia	1.26 GPIA	2018	—	rising
64	Moldova	1.26 GPIA	2019	down 1.7%	flat
65	Italy	1.26 GPIA	2018	down 2.9%	rising
66	Montenegro	1.25 GPIA	2019	up 1.8%	falling
67	Armenia	1.25 GPIA	2019	up 5.1%	flat
68	Canada	1.25 GPIA	2018	down 2.0%	rising
69	North Macedonia	1.24 GPIA	2018	up 6.7%	rising
70	Brazil	1.24 GPIA	2011	up 3.3%	flat
71	Philippines	1.24 GPIA	2017	up 3.4%	flat
72	Belgium	1.24 GPIA	2018	up 2.2%	rising
73	Malaysia	1.23 GPIA	2019	down 1.4%	rising
74	Romania	1.21 GPIA	2018	down 3.9%	rising
75	Kyrgyzstan	1.21 GPIA	2019	down 3.5%	rising
76	Trinidad and Tobago	1.21 GPIA	2004	up 69.9%	rising
77	Grenada	1.2 GPIA	2018	down 6.4%	flat
78	France	1.2 GPIA	2018	down 1.0%	rising
79	Vietnam	1.2 GPIA	2016	up 22.8%	rising
80	Bulgaria	1.19 GPIA	2018	down 4.1%	flat
81	Kazakhstan	1.19 GPIA	2019	down 1.7%	flat
82	Hungary	1.18 GPIA	2018	down 9.1%	rising
83	Costa Rica	1.18 GPIA	2019	down 1.6%	rising
84	China	1.18 GPIA	2019	up 13.9%	rising
85	Spain	1.17 GPIA	2018	down 1.6%	rising
86	Austria	1.16 GPIA	2018	down 0.1%	rising
87	Fiji	1.16 GPIA	2005	—	rising
88	Belarus	1.16 GPIA	2018	down 12.4%	flat
89	Jordan	1.16 GPIA	2018	up 4.7%	rising
90	Finland	1.16 GPIA	2018	down 3.3%	rising
91	Russia	1.15 GPIA	2018	down 8.9%	flat
92	Guatemala	1.15 GPIA	2015	up 12.3%	volatile
93	Colombia	1.14 GPIA	2018	up 15.2%	rising
94	Ecuador	1.14 GPIA	2015	up 0.6%	rising
95	Chile	1.14 GPIA	2018	up 11.0%	rising
96	Azerbaijan	1.14 GPIA	2019	up 15.3%	rising
97	Ukraine	1.13 GPIA	2014	down 4.2%	flat
98	Indonesia	1.13 GPIA	2018	up 24.5%	rising
99	Luxembourg	1.13 GPIA	2018	up 17.6%	rising
100	Portugal	1.12 GPIA	2018	down 3.1%	rising
101	Syria	1.12 GPIA	2016	up 22.6%	rising
102	Netherlands	1.12 GPIA	2018	up 2.0%	rising
103	Georgia	1.12 GPIA	2019	down 9.0%	rising
104	El Salvador	1.12 GPIA	2018	up 1.0%	rising
105	Ireland	1.11 GPIA	2018	down 3.9%	rising
106	Laos	1.1 GPIA	2019	up 39.9%	rising
107	India	1.1 GPIA	2019	up 53.6%	rising
108	Hong Kong	1.1 GPIA	2019	up 15.3%	rising
109	Nicaragua	1.1 GPIA	2002	up 11.8%	rising
110	Libya	1.1 GPIA	2003	up 25.8%	volatile
111	Cyprus	1.08 GPIA	2018	up 12.3%	rising
112	Saudi Arabia	1.07 GPIA	2019	down 11.8%	rising
113	Bhutan	1.06 GPIA	2020	up 69.8%	rising
114	Nepal	1.05 GPIA	2019	up 71.0%	rising
115	Peru	1.05 GPIA	2017	down 1.9%	rising
116	Sao Tome and Principe	1.04 GPIA	2015	—	volatile
117	Mexico	1.04 GPIA	2018	up 6.6%	rising
118	Egypt	1.03 GPIA	2017	up 35.4%	rising
119	Germany	1.03 GPIA	2018	up 9.7%	rising
120	Switzerland	1.03 GPIA	2018	up 3.9%	rising
121	Morocco	1.03 GPIA	2019	up 16.2%	rising
122	Sudan	1.02 GPIA	2015	down 8.8%	falling
123	Dominica	1 GPIA	1993	down 45.5%	rising
124	Greece	1 GPIA	2018	down 6.2%	rising
125	Madagascar	0.9502 GPIA	2018	up 6.3%	rising
126	Eswatini	0.9444 GPIA	2013	down 16.2%	rising
127	Cambodia	0.9434 GPIA	2019	up 68.4%	volatile
128	Turkey	0.8983 GPIA	2018	up 16.5%	rising
129	Cameroon	0.8862 GPIA	2018	up 11.8%	rising
130	Iran	0.8845 GPIA	2018	down 21.9%	rising
131	Pakistan	0.8709 GPIA	2018	up 2.8%	rising
132	Ghana	0.8471 GPIA	2019	up 36.8%	rising
133	Zimbabwe	0.84 GPIA	2015	up 14.6%	rising
134	Rwanda	0.8357 GPIA	2019	up 9.2%	volatile
135	Uzbekistan	0.8273 GPIA	2019	up 19.8%	falling
136	Angola	0.8257 GPIA	2016	up 26.5%	rising
137	Comoros	0.812 GPIA	2014	up 4.5%	rising
138	Mozambique	0.8058 GPIA	2018	up 31.2%	rising
139	South Korea	0.8028 GPIA	2018	up 13.3%	rising
140	San Marino	0.7708 GPIA	2019	down 41.1%	falling
141	Djibouti	0.7581 GPIA	2011	up 4.7%	volatile
142	Tajikistan	0.7571 GPIA	2017	up 52.7%	rising
143	Senegal	0.7502 GPIA	2019	up 30.5%	rising
144	Zambia	0.7371 GPIA	2012	up 58.3%	rising
145	Kenya	0.7371 GPIA	2017	up 24.7%	rising
146	Uganda	0.7297 GPIA	2014	up 20.0%	rising
147	Bangladesh	0.7183 GPIA	2019	up 19.8%	volatile
148	Eritrea	0.709 GPIA	2016	up 368.0%	volatile
149	Gambia	0.6994 GPIA	2012	up 210.1%	rising
150	Nigeria	0.6919 GPIA	2011	down 11.5%	rising
151	Cote d'Ivoire	0.6903 GPIA	2017	up 38.6%	rising
152	Congo	0.6687 GPIA	2017	up 218.7%	volatile
153	Tanzania	0.658 GPIA	2019	down 20.2%	volatile
154	Lebanon	0.6473 GPIA	1985	up 87.8%	rising
155	Niger	0.6364 GPIA	2019	up 71.3%	volatile
156	Liberia	0.6246 GPIA	2012	up 12.3%	rising
157	Malawi	0.6239 GPIA	2011	up 66.0%	rising
158	Mauritania	0.6117 GPIA	2019	up 51.7%	rising
159	Burundi	0.608 GPIA	2018	up 39.3%	rising
160	Iraq	0.5954 GPIA	2005	up 9.9%	rising
161	Gabon	0.5873 GPIA	2003	up 37.2%	rising
162	Papua New Guinea	0.5701 GPIA	1999	up 68.8%	rising
163	Liechtenstein	0.565 GPIA	2018	up 9.4%	rising
164	Burkina Faso	0.5617 GPIA	2019	up 16.2%	rising
165	Democratic Republic of Congo	0.5588 GPIA	2016	up 59.4%	volatile
166	Togo	0.5304 GPIA	2019	up 94.6%	volatile
167	Ethiopia	0.4832 GPIA	2014	up 44.8%	rising
168	Benin	0.4674 GPIA	2018	up 25.6%	rising
169	Yemen	0.4402 GPIA	2011	up 29.7%	rising
170	Guinea	0.4314 GPIA	2014	up 150.2%	volatile
171	Mali	0.418 GPIA	2015	down 16.9%	volatile
172	Sierra Leone	0.4151 GPIA	2002	—	volatile
173	Central African Republic	0.3669 GPIA	2012	up 91.8%	volatile
174	Afghanistan	0.3452 GPIA	2018	up 46.0%	rising
175	Haiti	0.3346 GPIA	1986	up 10.9%	rising
176	Chad	0.29 GPIA	2015	up 350.2%	volatile

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

Caribbean Small States 1.43 GPIA
Small states 1.35 GPIA
Other small states 1.34 GPIA
Central Europe and the Baltics 1.29 GPIA
North America 1.27 GPIA
Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 1.23 GPIA
Latin America & Caribbean 1.23 GPIA
Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.23 GPIA
High income 1.2 GPIA
Late-demographic dividend 1.2 GPIA
European Union 1.2 GPIA
Post-demographic dividend 1.19 GPIA
East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.18 GPIA
East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 1.17 GPIA
Upper middle income 1.16 GPIA
IBRD only 1.16 GPIA
East Asia & Pacific 1.15 GPIA
Euro area 1.15 GPIA
OECD members 1.15 GPIA
World 1.13 GPIA
Middle income 1.13 GPIA
Europe & Central Asia 1.13 GPIA
Pacific island small states 1.12 GPIA
Low & middle income 1.11 GPIA
Arab World 1.1 GPIA
Early-demographic dividend 1.09 GPIA
Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.08 GPIA
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 1.07 GPIA
Lower middle income 1.06 GPIA
Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 1.05 GPIA
South Asia 1.04 GPIA
South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 1.04 GPIA
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 1.04 GPIA
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 1.03 GPIA
IDA blend 0.7925 GPIA
IDA only 0.7683 GPIA
Sub-Saharan Africa 0.767 GPIA
Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.767 GPIA
Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 0.7648 GPIA
Least developed countries 0.7262 GPIA

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Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity by country. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 06 October 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/gross-enrolment-ratio-for-tertiary-education-adjusted-gender-parity-index-gpia/

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About this data

Indicator: Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit: GPIA
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence: CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage: 224 places, 7,092 data points, 1970–2020
Last refreshed: 02 October 2026

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/