Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity in Spain
Spain: Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity was 1.17 GPIA in 2018. ▲ Rising
Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity in Spain, 1971–2018
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPIA.
Analysis
Spain recorded 1.17 GPIA for gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity in 2018.
That represents a change of up 0.7% on the previous year and down 1.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity in Spain peaked at 1.2 GPIA in 2009 and was at its lowest, 0.3735 GPIA, in 1971.
That places Spain 85th out of 181 countries with data for 2018, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 48 years of available data.
Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity in Spain, year by year
| Year | GPIA | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1971 | 0.3735 GPIA | — |
| 1972 | 0.4012 GPIA | +7.4% |
| 1973 | 0.4553 GPIA | +13.5% |
| 1974 | 0.4919 GPIA | +8.0% |
| 1975 | 0.5297 GPIA | +7.7% |
| 1976 | 0.5829 GPIA | +10.0% |
| 1977 | 0.6383 GPIA | +9.5% |
| 1978 | 0.6826 GPIA | +6.9% |
| 1979 | 0.6995 GPIA | +2.5% |
| 1980 | 0.7432 GPIA | +6.2% |
| 1981 | 0.8011 GPIA | +7.8% |
| 1982 | 0.8519 GPIA | +6.3% |
| 1983 | 0.9058 GPIA | +6.3% |
| 1984 | 0.9587 GPIA | +5.8% |
| 1985 | 0.963 GPIA | +0.5% |
| 1986 | 1.01 GPIA | +4.5% |
| 1987 | 1.02 GPIA | +1.6% |
| 1988 | 1.05 GPIA | +2.7% |
| 1989 | 1.04 GPIA | -0.8% |
| 1990 | 1.07 GPIA | +2.7% |
| 1991 | 1.08 GPIA | +1.2% |
| 1992 | 1.09 GPIA | +0.6% |
| 1993 | 1.11 GPIA | +1.5% |
| 1994 | 1.08 GPIA | -2.3% |
| 1995 | 1.14 GPIA | +5.1% |
| 1996 | 1.15 GPIA | +0.9% |
| 1997 | 1.15 GPIA | +0.2% |
| 1998 | 1.16 GPIA | +0.7% |
| 1999 | 1.16 GPIA | +0.0% |
| 2000 | 1.16 GPIA | -0.1% |
| 2001 | 1.14 GPIA | -1.2% |
| 2002 | 1.17 GPIA | +2.1% |
| 2003 | 1.17 GPIA | +0.0% |
| 2004 | 1.19 GPIA | +2.0% |
| 2005 | 1.19 GPIA | -0.3% |
| 2006 | 1.19 GPIA | +0.4% |
| 2007 | 1.19 GPIA | +0.3% |
| 2008 | 1.19 GPIA | -0.0% |
| 2009 | 1.2 GPIA | +0.3% |
| 2010 | 1.19 GPIA | -0.4% |
| 2011 | 1.19 GPIA | +0.0% |
| 2012 | 1.18 GPIA | -0.9% |
| 2013 | 1.18 GPIA | -0.3% |
| 2014 | 1.17 GPIA | -0.7% |
| 2015 | 1.16 GPIA | -0.7% |
| 2016 | 1.16 GPIA | +0.3% |
| 2017 | 1.16 GPIA | +0.1% |
| 2018 | 1.17 GPIA | +0.7% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's 1.17 GPIA is below the median for high income countries, which is 1.27 GPIA, 93% of the median. (63 countries reporting)
- Spain's 1.17 GPIA is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 1.19 GPIA, 99% of the median. (49 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 0.5394 GPIA | 0.3735 GPIA | 0.6995 GPIA | 9 |
| 1980s | 0.9346 GPIA | 0.7432 GPIA | 1.05 GPIA | 10 |
| 1990s | 1.12 GPIA | 1.07 GPIA | 1.16 GPIA | 10 |
| 2000s | 1.18 GPIA | 1.14 GPIA | 1.2 GPIA | 10 |
| 2010s | 1.17 GPIA | 1.16 GPIA | 1.19 GPIA | 9 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More reference data data for Spain
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 3.18 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 2.85 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 11.76 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 0.898 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Agricultural Soils 11.76 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 10.67 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure Management 6.03 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 11.06 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 52.4 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 4.89 (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity in Spain?
- Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity in Spain was 1.17 GPIA in 2018, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
- What is the highest gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 1.2 GPIA in 2009.
- What is the lowest gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.3735 GPIA in 1971.
- How does Spain rank for gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity?
- Spain ranks 85th out of 181 countries with data for 2018.
- Is gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is down 1.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 48 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/