Statizoid

Gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) by country

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI...

Countries reporting
182
Highest
1.2 GPIA
San Marino
Lowest
0.65 GPIA
Afghanistan
Median
1 GPIA
Years covered
51
1970–2020
Data points
6,064

What the numbers show

Gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) is currently reported for 182 countries. The highest value is 1.2 GPIA in San Marino; the lowest is 0.65 GPIA in Afghanistan.

The median across all reporting countries is 1 GPIA, and the mean is 0.9982 GPIA.

The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 2.

Over the past decade 119 countries rose and 59 fell. The largest increase was in Libya (up 79.4%), and the largest decrease in Tuvalu (down 33.1%).

Gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, adjusted: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 San Marino 1.2 GPIA 2019 up 21.0% rising
2 Mauritania 1.18 GPIA 2019 up 13.0% rising
3 Senegal 1.18 GPIA 2019 up 15.5% rising
4 Kuwait 1.17 GPIA 2019 up 20.2% rising
5 Lesotho 1.17 GPIA 2016 down 9.4% falling
6 Suriname 1.16 GPIA 2019 up 1.7% rising
7 Burundi 1.16 GPIA 2019 up 24.0% rising
8 Rwanda 1.13 GPIA 2019 up 3.1% rising
9 Gambia 1.12 GPIA 2019 up 2.8% rising
10 Congo 1.11 GPIA 2012 up 13.6% rising
11 Malawi 1.11 GPIA 2019 up 8.4% rising
12 Bangladesh 1.11 GPIA 2010 up 3.2% rising
13 Tanzania, United Republic of 1.11 GPIA 2019 up 10.0% rising
14 Burkina Faso 1.11 GPIA 2019 up 29.4% rising
15 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1.1 GPIA 2018 up 17.9% falling
16 Tunisia 1.1 GPIA 2017 up 9.0% rising
17 Nicaragua 1.09 GPIA 2010 down 3.5% falling
18 Bhutan 1.08 GPIA 2017 up 7.8% rising
19 Oman 1.08 GPIA 2019 up 14.0% rising
20 Seychelles 1.08 GPIA 2019 up 8.5% falling
21 Belgium 1.08 GPIA 1991 up 2.8% rising
22 Madagascar 1.08 GPIA 2019 up 6.9% rising
23 Cambodia 1.08 GPIA 2019 up 7.3% rising
24 Timor-Leste 1.07 GPIA 2019 up 8.4% rising
25 Liechtenstein 1.07 GPIA 2018 up 11.5% flat
26 Vanuatu 1.07 GPIA 2013 up 8.0% rising
27 Sao Tome and Principe 1.07 GPIA 2017 up 2.9% rising
28 Solomon Islands 1.06 GPIA 2018 up 4.2% rising
29 Samoa 1.06 GPIA 2019 up 12.8% flat
30 Djibouti 1.06 GPIA 2020 down 5.7% rising
31 Namibia 1.06 GPIA 2018 down 3.0% falling
32 Antigua and Barbuda 1.06 GPIA 2018 up 6.6% flat
33 Honduras 1.05 GPIA 2019 up 0.2% flat
34 Equatorial Guinea 1.05 GPIA 2015 up 8.6% rising
35 Mauritius 1.05 GPIA 2019 up 3.9% flat
36 Netherlands 1.05 GPIA 1985 up 1.2% flat
37 Cape Verde 1.05 GPIA 2018 down 0.5% flat
38 Nepal 1.05 GPIA 2019 up 5.9% rising
39 Kiribati 1.04 GPIA 2016 up 12.2% flat
40 Uganda 1.04 GPIA 2017 up 14.2% rising
41 Gabon 1.04 GPIA 2003 down 5.5% rising
42 South Africa 1.04 GPIA 2018 up 3.4% falling
43 Botswana 1.03 GPIA 2013 down 1.6% falling
44 India 1.03 GPIA 2019 up 0.8% rising
45 Hong Kong 1.03 GPIA 2019 up 3.6% flat
46 Barbados 1.03 GPIA 2019 down 0.6% rising
47 Malaysia 1.03 GPIA 2017 up 1.8% rising
48 Maldives 1.03 GPIA 2019 up 13.8% flat
49 Dominica 1.03 GPIA 2016 down 1.3% falling
50 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1.03 GPIA 2016 down 3.2% flat
51 Viet Nam 1.03 GPIA 2018 up 7.6% rising
52 Georgia 1.03 GPIA 2019 up 2.7% falling
53 Brunei Darussalam 1.02 GPIA 2019 up 2.8% flat
54 Eswatini 1.02 GPIA 2018 up 13.5% flat
55 Albania 1.02 GPIA 2019 up 1.3% flat
56 Macao 1.02 GPIA 2019 up 8.8% flat
57 Ukraine 1.02 GPIA 2014 up 2.5% flat
58 Hungary 1.02 GPIA 2018 up 4.2% flat
59 Paraguay 1.02 GPIA 2012 down 0.2% rising
60 Uruguay 1.02 GPIA 2018 down 1.2% flat
61 United Arab Emirates 1.02 GPIA 2015 down 0.7% rising
62 Ghana 1.02 GPIA 2018 up 7.5% rising
63 Latvia 1.02 GPIA 2018 up 3.3% flat
64 Egypt 1.02 GPIA 2019 up 4.1% rising
65 Slovenia 1.01 GPIA 2018 up 2.5% flat
66 Germany 1.01 GPIA 2018 up 1.4% flat
67 Comoros 1.01 GPIA 2017 up 9.5% rising
68 Sierra Leone 1.01 GPIA 2019 up 32.4% rising
69 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1.01 GPIA 2015 up 49.2% rising
70 British Virgin Islands 1.01 GPIA 2018 down 7.7% falling
71 Cuba 1.01 GPIA 2019 up 1.0% falling
72 Switzerland 1.01 GPIA 2018 down 0.9% flat
73 Morocco 1.01 GPIA 2019 up 8.3% rising
74 Croatia 1.01 GPIA 2018 down 0.1% flat
75 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 1.01 GPIA 2017 down 3.1% falling
76 Kazakhstan 1.01 GPIA 2019 up 1.5% flat
77 Spain 1.01 GPIA 2018 up 0.4% flat
78 Ecuador 1.01 GPIA 2018 down 0.7% rising
79 Palestine, State of 1.01 GPIA 2019 up 2.2% flat
80 Kenya 1.01 GPIA 2016 up 4.0% rising
81 Slovakia 1.01 GPIA 2018 up 0.5% flat
82 Finland 1.01 GPIA 2018 up 2.3% flat
83 Zimbabwe 1.01 GPIA 2013 up 6.3% rising
84 Aruba 1.01 GPIA 2014 up 5.8% flat
85 Israel 1.01 GPIA 2018 down 0.3% flat
86 Mexico 1.01 GPIA 2018 down 0.1% rising
87 Guatemala 1.01 GPIA 2019 up 6.1% rising
88 Czechia 1 GPIA 2018 up 0.7% flat
89 Belize 1 GPIA 2019 down 2.5% flat
90 Algeria 1 GPIA 2019 down 1.3% rising
91 Lithuania 1 GPIA 2018 up 0.5% flat
91 Trinidad and Tobago 1 GPIA 2010 down 2.1% flat
93 Mongolia 1 GPIA 2018 down 2.4% falling
94 Belarus 1 GPIA 2018 up 0.5% flat
95 Thailand 1 GPIA 2019 — rising
96 Norway 1 GPIA 2018 up 0.1% flat
97 Austria 1 GPIA 2018 up 1.2% flat
98 Azerbaijan 0.9998 GPIA 2019 up 0.7% flat
99 Cyprus 0.9997 GPIA 2018 up 1.1% flat
100 Montenegro 0.9995 GPIA 2019 up 0.5% flat
101 Romania 0.9993 GPIA 2018 up 1.2% flat
102 Portugal 0.9977 GPIA 2018 — falling
103 Ireland 0.9975 GPIA 2018 down 1.4% flat
104 Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.9972 GPIA 2019 up 11.8% rising
105 Armenia 0.9971 GPIA 2019 down 2.1% flat
106 Republic of Korea 0.9968 GPIA 2018 up 0.6% flat
107 Jordan 0.9967 GPIA 2019 up 0.4% rising
108 Uzbekistan 0.9965 GPIA 2019 up 0.8% flat
109 Türkiye 0.9965 GPIA 2018 up 3.9% rising
110 Italy 0.9961 GPIA 2018 down 0.1% flat
111 Serbia 0.9953 GPIA 2019 up 0.6% flat
112 Tajikistan 0.9951 GPIA 2017 up 2.7% flat
113 Argentina 0.9947 GPIA 2017 down 0.7% falling
114 Saudi Arabia 0.9944 GPIA 2019 up 5.6% rising
115 Costa Rica 0.9943 GPIA 2019 down 1.3% flat
116 Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.9932 GPIA 2017 up 2.1% rising
117 Colombia 0.9929 GPIA 2018 down 3.7% flat
118 Marshall Islands 0.9929 GPIA 2019 down 1.5% rising
119 Sweden 0.9928 GPIA 2018 up 0.0% flat
120 Jamaica 0.9926 GPIA 2019 down 4.2% falling
121 Greece 0.9923 GPIA 2018 up 1.7% flat
122 Poland 0.9921 GPIA 2018 down 0.8% flat
123 Denmark 0.9917 GPIA 2018 down 1.6% flat
124 Cayman Islands 0.991 GPIA 2018 up 18.8% falling
125 Russian Federation 0.9901 GPIA 2018 — flat
126 Chile 0.99 GPIA 2018 down 1.2% flat
127 Syria 0.9899 GPIA 2013 up 0.8% rising
128 Bulgaria 0.9892 GPIA 2018 up 1.1% flat
129 North Macedonia 0.9885 GPIA 2018 down 0.5% flat
130 China 0.988 GPIA 2009 up 3.9% rising
131 Dominican Republic 0.9877 GPIA 2019 down 0.9% falling
132 Fiji 0.9873 GPIA 2016 down 1.4% flat
133 Bolivia, Plurinational State of 0.9873 GPIA 2018 down 1.9% flat
134 Myanmar 0.9871 GPIA 2018 down 2.5% rising
135 Indonesia 0.9869 GPIA 2018 down 0.6% flat
136 New Zealand 0.9859 GPIA 1979 up 1.1% flat
137 Bermuda 0.9857 GPIA 2013 down 5.6% falling
138 Sri Lanka 0.9853 GPIA 2017 down 0.8% flat
139 Panama 0.9839 GPIA 2017 down 1.9% flat
140 El Salvador 0.9822 GPIA 2018 down 4.0% rising
141 Kyrgyzstan 0.9803 GPIA 2019 down 2.3% flat
142 Republic of Moldova 0.9767 GPIA 2019 up 0.5% flat
143 Estonia 0.9757 GPIA 2018 down 2.9% flat
144 Luxembourg 0.973 GPIA 2018 down 4.4% flat
145 Qatar 0.9722 GPIA 2019 down 4.7% flat
146 Iceland 0.9703 GPIA 2018 down 2.8% flat
147 Malta 0.9682 GPIA 2018 up 1.4% flat
148 Grenada 0.9667 GPIA 2018 up 4.7% falling
149 Philippines 0.9661 GPIA 2018 down 9.1% flat
150 Zambia 0.9658 GPIA 2013 up 18.0% rising
151 Guyana 0.9635 GPIA 2012 up 11.5% flat
152 Sudan 0.96 GPIA 2017 up 18.2% rising
153 Ethiopia 0.9598 GPIA 2015 up 34.9% rising
154 Bahamas 0.9587 GPIA 2018 down 4.6% flat
155 Togo 0.9502 GPIA 2019 up 29.2% rising
156 Peru 0.9452 GPIA 2019 down 6.2% rising
157 Bahrain 0.9433 GPIA 2019 down 10.3% rising
158 Haiti 0.9341 GPIA 1997 up 6.7% rising
159 Saint Lucia 0.9242 GPIA 2019 up 4.2% falling
160 Liberia 0.9204 GPIA 2017 up 9.4% rising
161 Côte d'Ivoire 0.9125 GPIA 2019 up 29.4% rising
162 Cameroon 0.9093 GPIA 2019 up 7.6% rising
163 Mali 0.9063 GPIA 2017 up 29.2% rising
164 Tonga 0.9053 GPIA 2013 down 6.9% flat
165 Benin 0.9043 GPIA 2019 up 24.4% rising
166 Libya 0.8894 GPIA 1983 up 79.4% rising
167 Mozambique 0.8815 GPIA 2019 up 11.0% rising
168 Nigeria 0.8783 GPIA 2010 up 7.6% rising
169 Eritrea 0.8751 GPIA 2018 up 8.3% rising
170 Papua New Guinea 0.8684 GPIA 2016 up 2.4% flat
171 Niger 0.8546 GPIA 2019 up 20.1% rising
172 Naoero 0.8538 GPIA 2019 down 5.4% flat
173 Pakistan 0.8538 GPIA 2019 up 5.6% rising
174 Turks and Caicos Islands 0.85 GPIA 2018 down 20.2% flat
175 Yemen 0.8082 GPIA 2016 up 30.0% rising
176 Tuvalu 0.7934 GPIA 2018 down 33.1% flat
177 Guinea-Bissau 0.7834 GPIA 2010 up 41.4% rising
178 Guinea 0.7531 GPIA 2016 up 5.6% rising
179 Iraq 0.7448 GPIA 2007 down 8.6% rising
180 Chad 0.7096 GPIA 2018 up 23.0% rising
181 Central African Republic 0.6718 GPIA 2016 up 6.3% rising
182 Afghanistan 0.65 GPIA 2018 — volatile

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

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Gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, adjusted by country. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 31 August 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/gross-intake-ratio-to-the-last-grade-of-primary-education-adjusted-gender-parity-index/

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About this data

Indicator
Gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit
GPIA
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
224 places, 6,064 data points, 1970–2020
Last refreshed

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/