Percentage of pupils enrolled in lower secondary general education who are at least 2 years over-age for their current grade, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) by country
The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI...
What the numbers show
Percentage of pupils enrolled in lower secondary general education who are at least 2 years over-age for their current grade, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) is currently reported for 153 countries. The highest value is 1.4% in Maldives; the lowest is 0.2% in Cayman Islands.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.8%, and the mean is 0.7%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 8.
Over the past decade 47 countries rose and 101 fell. The largest increase was in Maldives (up 59.5%), and the largest decrease in Cayman Islands (down 84.6%).
Percentage of pupils enrolled in lower secondary general education: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Maldives | 1.4% | 2019 | up 59.5% | rising |
| 2 | Nepal | 1.1% | 2019 | up 3.1% | flat |
| 3 | Kuwait | 1.1% | 2019 | up 32.4% | flat |
| 4 | Suriname | 1.0% | 2019 | up 7.4% | rising |
| 5 | Saudi Arabia | 1.0% | 2019 | up 46.7% | rising |
| 6 | Palestine | 1.0% | 2019 | down 2.2% | falling |
| 7 | Mauritania | 1.0% | 2019 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 8 | Malta | 1.0% | 2018 | up 54.9% | rising |
| 9 | Iceland | 1.0% | 2018 | down 50.0% | falling |
| 9 | Malaysia | 1.0% | 2019 | unchanged | flat |
| 9 | Norway | 1.0% | 2018 | up 8.7% | rising |
| 12 | Belarus | 1.0% | 2018 | up 2.8% | flat |
| 13 | Burkina Faso | 1.0% | 2019 | down 3.4% | flat |
| 14 | Turkey | 1.0% | 2018 | down 14.9% | falling |
| 15 | Senegal | 1.0% | 2014 | down 1.8% | flat |
| 16 | Ukraine | 1.0% | 2019 | down 1.5% | falling |
| 17 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1.0% | 2019 | up 16.8% | rising |
| 18 | Liberia | 1.0% | 2017 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 19 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1.0% | 2016 | up 26.4% | falling |
| 20 | Bangladesh | 1.0% | 2019 | down 10.0% | rising |
| 21 | Chad | 1.0% | 2019 | — | flat |
| 22 | Armenia | 0.9% | 2019 | down 5.1% | falling |
| 23 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0.9% | 2019 | down 4.5% | rising |
| 24 | Argentina | 0.9% | 2017 | down 5.9% | flat |
| 25 | Niger | 0.9% | 2019 | down 4.5% | flat |
| 26 | Mali | 0.9% | 2017 | down 4.1% | flat |
| 27 | Ghana | 0.9% | 2019 | down 0.9% | rising |
| 28 | Djibouti | 0.9% | 2020 | down 2.5% | falling |
| 29 | Luxembourg | 0.9% | 2018 | up 5.8% | rising |
| 30 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.9% | 2015 | down 3.7% | falling |
| 31 | Lebanon | 0.9% | 2019 | down 12.2% | falling |
| 32 | Afghanistan | 0.9% | 2018 | down 13.7% | falling |
| 33 | Burundi | 0.9% | 2019 | down 6.7% | flat |
| 34 | New Zealand | 0.9% | 2018 | up 13.8% | rising |
| 35 | Sierra Leone | 0.9% | 2018 | down 6.9% | flat |
| 36 | Central African Republic | 0.9% | 2012 | down 3.2% | flat |
| 37 | Azerbaijan | 0.9% | 2019 | down 4.5% | rising |
| 38 | Kenya | 0.9% | 2009 | up 7.2% | flat |
| 39 | Jordan | 0.9% | 2019 | down 35.0% | falling |
| 40 | Rwanda | 0.9% | 2019 | down 10.5% | falling |
| 41 | Madagascar | 0.9% | 2019 | down 1.1% | falling |
| 42 | Gambia | 0.9% | 2019 | down 2.1% | flat |
| 43 | Myanmar | 0.9% | 2018 | down 13.6% | flat |
| 44 | Eswatini | 0.8% | 2018 | down 21.8% | rising |
| 45 | Nicaragua | 0.8% | 2010 | down 1.7% | flat |
| 45 | Togo | 0.8% | 2019 | down 5.4% | falling |
| 47 | Uganda | 0.8% | 2017 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 48 | Vanuatu | 0.8% | 2013 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 49 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.8% | 2019 | up 7.4% | flat |
| 50 | Mongolia | 0.8% | 2018 | down 4.3% | rising |
| 51 | Bahrain | 0.8% | 2019 | up 17.6% | flat |
| 52 | Malawi | 0.8% | 2013 | up 4.1% | flat |
| 53 | Uzbekistan | 0.8% | 2019 | down 6.4% | falling |
| 54 | Guinea | 0.8% | 2016 | down 5.8% | falling |
| 55 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.8% | 2017 | down 14.9% | falling |
| 56 | Uruguay | 0.8% | 2018 | down 2.6% | falling |
| 57 | Zambia | 0.8% | 2013 | up 20.7% | rising |
| 58 | Bhutan | 0.8% | 2020 | down 5.2% | falling |
| 59 | Tonga | 0.8% | 2015 | up 14.9% | falling |
| 60 | Switzerland | 0.8% | 2018 | down 4.8% | flat |
| 61 | Honduras | 0.8% | 2019 | down 11.9% | falling |
| 62 | Belgium | 0.8% | 2018 | down 1.8% | falling |
| 63 | Ireland | 0.8% | 2018 | — | rising |
| 64 | Ethiopia | 0.8% | 2015 | up 5.6% | rising |
| 65 | Eritrea | 0.8% | 2018 | up 2.4% | falling |
| 66 | Kazakhstan | 0.8% | 2019 | up 29.9% | rising |
| 67 | Mauritius | 0.8% | 2019 | down 5.3% | rising |
| 68 | San Marino | 0.8% | 2019 | down 0.1% | falling |
| 69 | South Korea | 0.8% | 2018 | up 7.1% | rising |
| 70 | Costa Rica | 0.8% | 2019 | down 5.9% | flat |
| 71 | Ecuador | 0.8% | 2018 | up 1.9% | flat |
| 72 | Yemen | 0.8% | 2016 | down 12.2% | flat |
| 73 | Guatemala | 0.8% | 2019 | down 8.7% | falling |
| 74 | Singapore | 0.8% | 2018 | down 5.1% | falling |
| 75 | Australia | 0.8% | 2018 | up 3.7% | rising |
| 76 | Namibia | 0.8% | 2017 | up 4.1% | falling |
| 77 | United States | 0.8% | 2018 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 78 | Mozambique | 0.8% | 2019 | down 15.9% | falling |
| 79 | Syria | 0.7% | 2013 | down 7.6% | flat |
| 80 | Peru | 0.7% | 2019 | down 8.7% | falling |
| 81 | Lesotho | 0.7% | 2017 | down 12.0% | falling |
| 82 | Cambodia | 0.7% | 2019 | down 14.6% | falling |
| 83 | Thailand | 0.7% | 2019 | up 31.2% | rising |
| 84 | Serbia | 0.7% | 2019 | up 25.6% | rising |
| 85 | East Timor | 0.7% | 2019 | down 18.0% | falling |
| 86 | Iran | 0.7% | 2017 | up 33.5% | rising |
| 87 | Bahamas | 0.7% | 2010 | up 47.9% | rising |
| 88 | Montenegro | 0.7% | 2019 | down 15.8% | flat |
| 89 | Aruba | 0.7% | 2014 | down 6.4% | falling |
| 90 | France | 0.7% | 2018 | down 9.1% | falling |
| 91 | Georgia | 0.7% | 2019 | down 15.4% | falling |
| 92 | Austria | 0.7% | 2018 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 93 | Hong Kong | 0.7% | 2019 | down 12.8% | falling |
| 94 | Samoa | 0.7% | 2019 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 95 | Denmark | 0.7% | 2018 | up 3.6% | flat |
| 96 | Panama | 0.7% | 2017 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 97 | Croatia | 0.7% | 2018 | up 14.6% | falling |
| 98 | Spain | 0.7% | 2018 | — | falling |
| 99 | Colombia | 0.7% | 2018 | down 21.6% | falling |
| 100 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.7% | 2010 | down 23.6% | falling |
| 101 | Fiji | 0.7% | 2019 | up 12.3% | flat |
| 102 | Laos | 0.7% | 2019 | down 5.7% | falling |
| 103 | Hungary | 0.7% | 2018 | up 8.3% | rising |
| 104 | British Virgin Islands | 0.7% | 2018 | up 36.1% | rising |
| 105 | Venezuela | 0.7% | 2017 | down 7.8% | flat |
| 106 | Cape Verde | 0.6% | 2018 | down 23.9% | falling |
| 107 | Tunisia | 0.6% | 2018 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 108 | Albania | 0.6% | 2019 | down 4.1% | flat |
| 109 | Botswana | 0.6% | 2014 | down 15.2% | falling |
| 110 | Bolivia | 0.6% | 2018 | down 24.8% | falling |
| 111 | Estonia | 0.6% | 2018 | up 1.8% | rising |
| 112 | Tanzania | 0.6% | 2016 | down 10.1% | falling |
| 113 | El Salvador | 0.6% | 2018 | down 14.7% | falling |
| 114 | Cyprus | 0.6% | 2018 | up 1.4% | rising |
| 115 | Qatar | 0.6% | 2019 | down 24.5% | falling |
| 116 | Sri Lanka | 0.6% | 2018 | down 6.9% | falling |
| 117 | Romania | 0.6% | 2018 | up 7.2% | flat |
| 118 | Brazil | 0.6% | 2018 | down 5.5% | falling |
| 119 | Mexico | 0.6% | 2018 | up 4.7% | rising |
| 120 | United Arab Emirates | 0.6% | 2017 | up 8.0% | flat |
| 121 | Greece | 0.6% | 2018 | up 8.1% | rising |
| 122 | Chile | 0.6% | 2018 | down 3.5% | flat |
| 123 | Italy | 0.6% | 2018 | down 2.0% | flat |
| 124 | Philippines | 0.6% | 2018 | — | falling |
| 125 | Morocco | 0.6% | 2019 | down 15.4% | falling |
| 126 | Belize | 0.6% | 2019 | down 20.6% | falling |
| 127 | Israel | 0.6% | 2018 | down 17.5% | falling |
| 128 | Sweden | 0.6% | 2018 | down 41.2% | falling |
| 129 | Moldova | 0.6% | 2019 | down 14.0% | falling |
| 130 | Dominican Republic | 0.6% | 2019 | down 11.0% | falling |
| 131 | Seychelles | 0.6% | 2019 | down 44.5% | volatile |
| 132 | Puerto Rico | 0.5% | 2018 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 133 | Macao | 0.5% | 2019 | down 23.0% | falling |
| 134 | Algeria | 0.5% | 2019 | down 30.1% | falling |
| 135 | Andorra | 0.5% | 2019 | down 33.7% | falling |
| 136 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.5% | 2018 | down 2.5% | falling |
| 137 | Slovenia | 0.5% | 2018 | down 21.7% | falling |
| 138 | Monaco | 0.5% | 2020 | down 63.3% | volatile |
| 139 | Latvia | 0.5% | 2018 | down 7.5% | falling |
| 140 | Oman | 0.5% | 2019 | down 46.1% | falling |
| 141 | Brunei | 0.5% | 2019 | up 3.9% | rising |
| 142 | South Africa | 0.5% | 2018 | down 26.2% | flat |
| 143 | Lithuania | 0.5% | 2018 | down 11.0% | falling |
| 144 | Cuba | 0.5% | 2019 | down 1.3% | falling |
| 145 | Jamaica | 0.5% | 2019 | down 22.7% | falling |
| 146 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.4% | 2018 | down 28.2% | falling |
| 147 | Dominica | 0.4% | 2016 | down 18.4% | falling |
| 148 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.4% | 2018 | down 31.5% | falling |
| 149 | Barbados | 0.4% | 2019 | down 41.4% | falling |
| 150 | Tajikistan | 0.4% | 2017 | down 25.3% | falling |
| 151 | Saint Lucia | 0.3% | 2019 | down 37.5% | falling |
| 152 | Grenada | 0.3% | 2018 | down 54.6% | falling |
| 153 | Cayman Islands | 0.2% | 2018 | down 84.6% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Pacific island small states 1.6%
- World 0.5%
- IDA blend 1.5%
- European Union 0.1%
- South Asia 0.9%
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 0.9%
- Lower middle income 0.9%
- Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 0.7%
- Least developed countries 0.7%
- Small states 0.7%
- Early-demographic dividend 0.7%
- Pre-demographic dividend 0.7%
- IDA only 0.7%
- Low & middle income 0.6%
- Sub-Saharan Africa 0.6%
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.6%
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 0.6%
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 0.6%
- Middle income 0.6%
- Arab World 0.6%
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.6%
- Low income 0.6%
- Other small states 0.5%
- IBRD only 0.5%
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.5%
- Caribbean Small States 0.5%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.4%
- East Asia & Pacific 0.4%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 0.4%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 0.4%
- Upper middle income 0.4%
- Europe & Central Asia 0.3%
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 0.2%
- Latin America & Caribbean 0.2%
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.2%
- Post-demographic dividend 0.2%
- High income 0.1%
- North America 0.1%
- OECD members 0.1%
- Central Europe and the Baltics 0.1%
About this data
The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/