Percentage of pupils enrolled in primary education who are at least 2 years over-age for their current grade, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) by country
The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI...
What the numbers show
Percentage of pupils enrolled in primary education who are at least 2 years over-age for their current grade, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) is currently reported for 153 countries. The highest value is 1.4% in Maldives; the lowest is 0.3% in British Virgin Islands.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.8%, and the mean is 0.8%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 4.
Over the past decade 57 countries rose and 89 fell. The largest increase was in San Marino (up 173.6%), and the largest decrease in Seychelles (down 65.0%).
Percentage of pupils enrolled in primary education who are at least 2: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Maldives | 1.4% | 2019 | up 110.1% | flat |
| 2 | Mauritania | 1.2% | 2019 | up 16.6% | rising |
| 3 | Grenada | 1.2% | 2018 | up 163.3% | volatile |
| 4 | Kuwait | 1.1% | 2019 | up 40.4% | falling |
| 5 | Sri Lanka | 1.1% | 2018 | up 45.5% | rising |
| 6 | Nepal | 1.1% | 2019 | up 7.0% | flat |
| 7 | Armenia | 1.1% | 2019 | up 6.1% | falling |
| 8 | Azerbaijan | 1.0% | 2019 | up 0.2% | rising |
| 9 | Lithuania | 1.0% | 2018 | up 8.5% | flat |
| 10 | Sierra Leone | 1.0% | 2017 | up 1.8% | flat |
| 11 | Djibouti | 1.0% | 2020 | down 0.3% | rising |
| 12 | Yemen | 1.0% | 2016 | up 8.9% | rising |
| 13 | Ukraine | 1.0% | 2019 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 14 | Andorra | 1.0% | 2019 | up 62.2% | rising |
| 15 | Côte d'Ivoire | 1.0% | 2019 | up 5.5% | flat |
| 16 | Iceland | 1.0% | 2018 | unchanged | flat |
| 16 | Monaco | 1.0% | 2020 | down 31.9% | volatile |
| 16 | Malaysia | 1.0% | 2017 | unchanged | flat |
| 16 | Norway | 1.0% | 2018 | — | flat |
| 16 | San Marino | 1.0% | 2019 | up 173.6% | falling |
| 21 | Belarus | 1.0% | 2018 | up 7.3% | flat |
| 22 | Liberia | 1.0% | 2017 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 23 | Togo | 1.0% | 2019 | up 3.5% | rising |
| 24 | Myanmar | 1.0% | 2010 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 25 | Niger | 1.0% | 2019 | up 2.7% | flat |
| 26 | Senegal | 1.0% | 2019 | down 2.8% | flat |
| 27 | Ghana | 1.0% | 2018 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 28 | Palestine, State of | 1.0% | 2019 | up 2.9% | falling |
| 29 | Chad | 1.0% | 2019 | — | flat |
| 30 | Burkina Faso | 1.0% | 2019 | up 6.5% | flat |
| 31 | Malawi | 0.9% | 2019 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 32 | Mali | 0.9% | 2018 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 33 | Gambia | 0.9% | 2019 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 34 | Saudi Arabia | 0.9% | 2019 | down 1.6% | flat |
| 35 | Uganda | 0.9% | 2017 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 36 | United States of America | 0.9% | 2018 | up 22.9% | rising |
| 37 | North Macedonia | 0.9% | 2018 | up 20.4% | rising |
| 38 | Sweden | 0.9% | 2018 | down 7.2% | falling |
| 39 | Cameroon | 0.9% | 2019 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 40 | Central African Republic | 0.9% | 2012 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 41 | Zambia | 0.9% | 2017 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 42 | Madagascar | 0.9% | 2019 | — | flat |
| 43 | Comoros | 0.9% | 2017 | up 13.3% | flat |
| 44 | Argentina | 0.9% | 2017 | down 9.0% | flat |
| 45 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.9% | 2018 | up 148.7% | rising |
| 46 | New Zealand | 0.9% | 2018 | down 2.9% | flat |
| 47 | Guinea | 0.9% | 2016 | up 2.8% | flat |
| 48 | Kenya | 0.9% | 2009 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 49 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.9% | 2018 | up 30.4% | falling |
| 50 | Mozambique | 0.9% | 2019 | down 2.2% | falling |
| 51 | India | 0.9% | 2019 | down 13.9% | falling |
| 52 | Bahrain | 0.9% | 2019 | down 2.0% | rising |
| 53 | Greece | 0.9% | 2018 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 54 | Syrian Arab Republic | 0.9% | 2013 | down 1.9% | rising |
| 55 | Belgium | 0.9% | 2018 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 56 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.9% | 2015 | down 25.2% | falling |
| 57 | Benin | 0.9% | 2019 | down 3.4% | falling |
| 58 | Serbia | 0.9% | 2019 | up 4.4% | rising |
| 59 | Ethiopia | 0.9% | 2015 | down 4.0% | flat |
| 60 | Nicaragua | 0.9% | 2010 | down 2.8% | flat |
| 61 | Eritrea | 0.8% | 2018 | up 9.4% | falling |
| 62 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.8% | 2019 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 63 | Uzbekistan | 0.8% | 2019 | down 12.5% | falling |
| 64 | Burundi | 0.8% | 2019 | down 8.5% | flat |
| 65 | Kazakhstan | 0.8% | 2019 | up 19.9% | rising |
| 66 | Bhutan | 0.8% | 2017 | down 10.3% | falling |
| 67 | Peru | 0.8% | 2019 | down 8.1% | falling |
| 68 | Naoero | 0.8% | 2019 | down 16.8% | rising |
| 69 | Jordan | 0.8% | 2019 | down 51.4% | falling |
| 70 | Ecuador | 0.8% | 2018 | down 2.8% | falling |
| 71 | Italy | 0.8% | 2018 | up 3.0% | flat |
| 72 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 0.8% | 2016 | down 7.3% | falling |
| 73 | Samoa | 0.8% | 2019 | up 5.8% | flat |
| 74 | Georgia | 0.8% | 2019 | down 11.4% | flat |
| 75 | Mauritius | 0.8% | 2019 | down 10.3% | rising |
| 76 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.8% | 2019 | down 3.6% | flat |
| 77 | United Arab Emirates | 0.8% | 2015 | up 6.1% | rising |
| 78 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 0.8% | 2019 | down 9.0% | falling |
| 79 | Luxembourg | 0.8% | 2018 | down 2.8% | flat |
| 80 | Eswatini | 0.8% | 2018 | down 3.2% | flat |
| 81 | Oman | 0.8% | 2019 | down 3.9% | flat |
| 82 | Cambodia | 0.8% | 2019 | down 15.8% | falling |
| 83 | Albania | 0.8% | 2019 | down 2.6% | flat |
| 84 | Honduras | 0.8% | 2019 | down 5.3% | falling |
| 85 | Hong Kong, China | 0.8% | 2019 | down 1.7% | falling |
| 86 | Panama | 0.8% | 2017 | up 1.2% | flat |
| 87 | Guatemala | 0.8% | 2019 | down 15.0% | falling |
| 88 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 0.8% | 2018 | down 19.0% | falling |
| 89 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 0.7% | 2017 | down 0.7% | rising |
| 90 | Malta | 0.7% | 2018 | down 35.2% | falling |
| 91 | Austria | 0.7% | 2018 | up 5.9% | rising |
| 92 | Aruba | 0.7% | 2014 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 93 | Croatia | 0.7% | 2018 | down 13.3% | falling |
| 94 | Mexico | 0.7% | 2018 | up 10.7% | flat |
| 95 | Timor-Leste | 0.7% | 2019 | down 16.6% | falling |
| 96 | Spain | 0.7% | 2018 | down 3.9% | flat |
| 97 | Costa Rica | 0.7% | 2019 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 98 | Tonga | 0.7% | 2015 | down 51.7% | falling |
| 99 | Seychelles | 0.7% | 2019 | down 65.0% | volatile |
| 100 | Fiji | 0.7% | 2016 | up 2.3% | flat |
| 101 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.7% | 2017 | down 22.9% | falling |
| 102 | Switzerland | 0.7% | 2018 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 103 | Lebanon | 0.7% | 2019 | down 17.5% | falling |
| 104 | Barbados | 0.7% | 2019 | up 27.5% | rising |
| 105 | Republic of Moldova | 0.7% | 2019 | down 4.7% | flat |
| 106 | Colombia | 0.7% | 2018 | down 28.0% | falling |
| 107 | El Salvador | 0.7% | 2018 | down 13.6% | falling |
| 108 | Namibia | 0.7% | 2018 | down 7.1% | falling |
| 109 | Cyprus | 0.7% | 2018 | down 6.2% | rising |
| 110 | Ireland | 0.7% | 2018 | down 18.4% | falling |
| 111 | Belize | 0.7% | 2019 | down 8.7% | falling |
| 112 | Montenegro | 0.7% | 2019 | up 8.0% | rising |
| 113 | Denmark | 0.7% | 2018 | up 1.5% | flat |
| 114 | Hungary | 0.7% | 2018 | up 2.4% | flat |
| 115 | Mongolia | 0.6% | 2018 | down 22.9% | falling |
| 116 | Morocco | 0.6% | 2019 | down 13.9% | falling |
| 117 | Lesotho | 0.6% | 2017 | down 21.2% | falling |
| 118 | Botswana | 0.6% | 2013 | down 14.7% | falling |
| 119 | Uruguay | 0.6% | 2018 | down 4.3% | rising |
| 120 | Singapore | 0.6% | 2018 | down 30.6% | falling |
| 121 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.6% | 2016 | up 5.7% | falling |
| 122 | Jamaica | 0.6% | 2019 | up 28.5% | falling |
| 123 | Slovenia | 0.6% | 2018 | down 12.2% | falling |
| 124 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 0.6% | 2017 | down 14.6% | falling |
| 125 | Suriname | 0.6% | 2019 | down 12.5% | falling |
| 126 | Philippines | 0.6% | 2018 | — | falling |
| 127 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.6% | 2010 | down 12.6% | falling |
| 128 | Tajikistan | 0.6% | 2017 | down 12.6% | falling |
| 129 | Guyana | 0.6% | 2012 | — | flat |
| 130 | Bulgaria | 0.6% | 2018 | up 6.3% | falling |
| 131 | Brazil | 0.6% | 2018 | down 4.3% | flat |
| 132 | Czechia | 0.6% | 2018 | down 1.5% | flat |
| 133 | Australia | 0.6% | 2018 | up 4.2% | flat |
| 134 | Bahamas | 0.6% | 2018 | down 7.9% | falling |
| 135 | Dominican Republic | 0.6% | 2019 | down 14.0% | falling |
| 136 | Israel | 0.6% | 2018 | down 8.4% | falling |
| 137 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.5% | 2018 | up 13.6% | rising |
| 138 | Chile | 0.5% | 2018 | down 7.5% | falling |
| 139 | Brunei Darussalam | 0.5% | 2019 | down 16.2% | rising |
| 140 | Tunisia | 0.5% | 2018 | down 18.9% | falling |
| 141 | Cape Verde | 0.5% | 2018 | down 21.2% | falling |
| 142 | Qatar | 0.5% | 2019 | down 37.2% | falling |
| 143 | Latvia | 0.5% | 2018 | up 1.5% | flat |
| 144 | Puerto Rico | 0.5% | 2018 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 145 | Estonia | 0.5% | 2018 | up 41.7% | rising |
| 146 | Algeria | 0.5% | 2019 | down 18.9% | falling |
| 147 | Cayman Islands | 0.5% | 2018 | down 22.8% | falling |
| 148 | South Africa | 0.5% | 2018 | down 28.1% | falling |
| 149 | Macau, China | 0.4% | 2019 | down 17.7% | falling |
| 150 | Dominica | 0.4% | 2016 | up 83.0% | flat |
| 151 | Cuba | 0.4% | 2019 | down 2.3% | falling |
| 152 | Saint Lucia | 0.4% | 2019 | down 4.2% | falling |
| 153 | British Virgin Islands | 0.3% | 2018 | up 12.5% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- South Asia 1.4%
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 1.4%
- Lower middle income 1.2%
- Arab World 1.0%
- Pacific island small states 1.0%
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 1.0%
- Early-demographic dividend 0.9%
- Low & middle income 0.9%
- IDA only 0.8%
- Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 0.8%
- Middle income 0.8%
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.8%
- Least developed countries 0.8%
- World 0.8%
- Pre-demographic dividend 0.8%
- Low income 0.7%
- Sub-Saharan Africa 0.7%
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.7%
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 0.7%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.7%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 0.6%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 0.6%
- Small states 0.6%
- IBRD only 0.5%
- Other small states 0.5%
- East Asia & Pacific 0.4%
- Europe & Central Asia 0.4%
- Post-demographic dividend 0.4%
- Caribbean Small States 0.4%
- North America 0.4%
- Upper middle income 0.4%
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 0.3%
- Latin America & Caribbean 0.3%
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.3%
- High income 0.3%
- OECD members 0.2%
- Euro area 0.1%
- European Union 0.1%
- Central Europe and the Baltics 0.1%
About this data
The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/