Statizoid

Out-of-school rate for youth of upper secondary school age, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) by country

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI...

Countries reporting
141
Highest
1.56 GPIA
Estonia
Lowest
0.1982 GPIA
New Zealand
Median
0.9119 GPIA
Years covered
50
1970–2019
Data points
2,951

What the numbers show

Out-of-school rate for youth of upper secondary school age, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) is currently reported for 141 countries. The highest value is 1.56 GPIA in Estonia; the lowest is 0.1982 GPIA in New Zealand.

The median across all reporting countries is 0.9119 GPIA, and the mean is 0.9206 GPIA.

The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 8.

Over the past decade 64 countries rose and 70 fell. The largest increase was in Tonga (up 1,758.9%), and the largest decrease in Armenia (down 76.2%).

Out-of-school rate for youth of upper secondary school age, adjusted: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 Estonia 1.56 GPIA 2018 up 469.5% rising
2 Oman 1.55 GPIA 2018 up 65.5% rising
3 Peru 1.51 GPIA 2019 up 84.4% falling
4 Sweden 1.5 GPIA 2015 up 28.9% rising
5 Portugal 1.39 GPIA 2013 up 97.0% falling
6 Greece 1.39 GPIA 2018 up 45.4% rising
7 Tajikistan 1.37 GPIA 2011 up 1.1% rising
8 Finland 1.36 GPIA 2018 up 45.0% rising
9 Afghanistan 1.36 GPIA 2018 up 15.5% rising
10 Yemen 1.33 GPIA 2016 up 5.2% falling
11 Bulgaria 1.31 GPIA 2018 up 18.2% rising
12 Iraq 1.28 GPIA 2007 up 5.3% rising
13 Kenya 1.27 GPIA 2009 up 10.3% rising
14 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1.27 GPIA 2016 up 152.5% rising
15 Qatar 1.26 GPIA 2010 up 88.7% rising
16 Cyprus 1.25 GPIA 2018 up 295.9% rising
17 Guinea 1.22 GPIA 2014 down 0.8% flat
18 Germany 1.21 GPIA 2018 up 13.9% flat
19 Eswatini 1.21 GPIA 2015 down 20.0% rising
20 Turks and Caicos Islands 1.19 GPIA 2018 up 49.4% rising
21 Côte d'Ivoire 1.19 GPIA 2019 up 2.1% flat
22 Malawi 1.18 GPIA 2019 up 3.1% flat
23 Republic of Korea 1.18 GPIA 2018 — flat
24 Chad 1.17 GPIA 2019 — rising
25 Switzerland 1.17 GPIA 2018 down 9.3% falling
26 Cameroon 1.15 GPIA 2015 — flat
27 Cambodia 1.15 GPIA 2008 up 0.7% flat
28 Morocco 1.15 GPIA 2019 down 4.5% flat
29 Eritrea 1.15 GPIA 2018 down 7.5% flat
30 Namibia 1.12 GPIA 2007 up 14.7% falling
31 Mozambique 1.12 GPIA 2015 down 6.5% flat
32 Vanuatu 1.11 GPIA 2015 up 5.9% rising
33 Zimbabwe 1.1 GPIA 2013 down 2.1% falling
34 Canada 1.1 GPIA 2018 up 11.6% rising
35 Lao People's Democratic Republic 1.1 GPIA 2019 down 11.7% falling
36 Mali 1.09 GPIA 2018 down 4.6% flat
37 Iran, Islamic Republic of 1.09 GPIA 2017 down 8.1% falling
38 Belgium 1.07 GPIA 2018 up 73.0% rising
39 Guatemala 1.07 GPIA 2018 up 2.5% flat
40 Niger 1.06 GPIA 2017 up 2.9% flat
41 Egypt 1.06 GPIA 2019 down 1.9% flat
42 El Salvador 1.06 GPIA 2018 down 4.0% falling
43 Czechia 1.05 GPIA 2018 up 52.7% rising
44 Uzbekistan 1.05 GPIA 2019 up 0.6% flat
45 Saint Lucia 1.04 GPIA 2019 up 46.3% rising
46 Ethiopia 1.03 GPIA 2015 down 12.0% falling
47 Türkiye 1.03 GPIA 2018 down 17.8% falling
48 Botswana 1.03 GPIA 2003 up 1.2% rising
49 Djibouti 1.02 GPIA 2015 down 7.2% falling
50 Chile 1.02 GPIA 2018 up 16.9% rising
51 Ghana 1.01 GPIA 2019 down 15.6% falling
52 Hong Kong, China 1.01 GPIA 2019 up 3.3% falling
53 Bolivia, Plurinational State of 1.01 GPIA 2018 down 4.2% falling
54 Thailand 1 GPIA 2015 up 8.8% falling
55 Syrian Arab Republic 0.9979 GPIA 2013 down 1.3% flat
56 Cayman Islands 0.9933 GPIA 2018 up 24.5% falling
57 Burkina Faso 0.979 GPIA 2019 down 7.0% flat
58 Poland 0.9745 GPIA 2018 up 22.8% rising
59 Slovakia 0.9739 GPIA 2018 up 8.6% rising
60 Indonesia 0.9714 GPIA 2018 down 5.6% flat
61 Republic of Moldova 0.9705 GPIA 2019 up 17.0% flat
62 Hungary 0.9539 GPIA 2018 down 5.9% rising
63 Grenada 0.9524 GPIA 2015 up 13.1% rising
64 Ecuador 0.9455 GPIA 2018 down 4.0% flat
65 Mauritania 0.9322 GPIA 2019 down 9.3% falling
66 Belize 0.9284 GPIA 2019 up 3.0% falling
67 Burundi 0.9279 GPIA 2019 down 15.6% falling
68 Honduras 0.9227 GPIA 2019 up 4.8% flat
69 United States of America 0.9226 GPIA 2018 down 10.9% rising
70 Dominican Republic 0.92 GPIA 2019 up 2.3% rising
71 South Africa 0.9119 GPIA 2018 down 6.3% falling
72 Colombia 0.907 GPIA 2018 up 3.3% rising
73 Austria 0.9061 GPIA 2018 down 23.1% falling
74 Paraguay 0.9058 GPIA 2016 down 5.1% falling
75 Jordan 0.9042 GPIA 2019 down 0.6% flat
76 Panama 0.9029 GPIA 2017 up 3.5% flat
77 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.9009 GPIA 2018 up 100.2% rising
78 Romania 0.887 GPIA 2018 — falling
79 Dominica 0.8819 GPIA 2019 up 11.4% rising
80 Bahamas 0.8783 GPIA 2018 down 20.7% falling
81 Italy 0.8779 GPIA 2018 up 18.1% falling
82 Jamaica 0.8769 GPIA 2019 up 17.4% falling
83 Bangladesh 0.8766 GPIA 2018 down 16.2% falling
84 Kyrgyzstan 0.8763 GPIA 2019 up 5.8% rising
85 Mexico 0.875 GPIA 2018 down 8.1% falling
86 Norway 0.8685 GPIA 2018 down 3.1% rising
87 Kuwait 0.8679 GPIA 2015 up 139.6% flat
88 Nicaragua 0.8623 GPIA 2010 up 2.9% flat
89 Antigua and Barbuda 0.8596 GPIA 2018 up 10.5% rising
90 Sao Tome and Principe 0.8498 GPIA 2015 down 15.2% rising
91 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 0.8481 GPIA 2018 up 24.5% falling
92 Brunei Darussalam 0.8401 GPIA 2019 down 18.1% flat
93 Denmark 0.8349 GPIA 2018 up 0.1% flat
94 British Virgin Islands 0.8251 GPIA 2018 up 77.8% falling
95 Myanmar 0.8188 GPIA 2018 down 17.2% falling
96 Timor-Leste 0.8123 GPIA 2019 down 21.6% falling
97 Cape Verde 0.8068 GPIA 2018 up 5.2% falling
98 Serbia 0.7993 GPIA 2019 up 8.8% rising
99 Suriname 0.7987 GPIA 2015 down 6.4% flat
100 Malaysia 0.7777 GPIA 2017 down 1.9% flat
101 Tonga 0.7766 GPIA 2015 up 1,758.9% rising
102 Guyana 0.7765 GPIA 2012 — falling
103 Luxembourg 0.7711 GPIA 2018 down 12.2% rising
104 Fiji 0.768 GPIA 2012 down 5.2% falling
105 Lesotho 0.7664 GPIA 2016 down 16.4% flat
106 France 0.7645 GPIA 2018 down 8.7% falling
107 Iceland 0.7526 GPIA 2018 down 9.4% flat
108 Latvia 0.7323 GPIA 2018 down 10.9% falling
109 Cuba 0.7224 GPIA 2019 down 23.1% falling
110 Philippines 0.7192 GPIA 2015 up 5.9% rising
111 Albania 0.7159 GPIA 2019 down 23.7% falling
112 Croatia 0.7145 GPIA 2018 down 4.7% falling
113 Puerto Rico 0.7145 GPIA 2018 down 25.9% falling
114 Mauritius 0.6921 GPIA 2019 down 40.1% falling
115 Belarus 0.6889 GPIA 2014 — falling
116 Brazil 0.6885 GPIA 2011 down 9.5% falling
117 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 0.6876 GPIA 2017 down 14.3% falling
118 Bhutan 0.6817 GPIA 2018 down 32.1% falling
119 Costa Rica 0.6814 GPIA 2019 down 16.6% falling
120 Aruba 0.6606 GPIA 2009 up 1.0% falling
121 Macau, China 0.6573 GPIA 2019 down 35.6% falling
122 Malta 0.6508 GPIA 2018 down 24.5% falling
123 Slovenia 0.6433 GPIA 2018 down 14.5% falling
124 Tuvalu 0.6328 GPIA 2019 down 6.8% falling
125 Australia 0.6251 GPIA 2018 — falling
126 Ukraine 0.584 GPIA 2014 down 69.9% volatile
127 Uruguay 0.5701 GPIA 2017 down 24.6% falling
128 Palestine, State of 0.5665 GPIA 2019 up 0.0% falling
129 Lithuania 0.5559 GPIA 2018 up 43.0% rising
130 Netherlands 0.5424 GPIA 2015 down 36.6% falling
131 Ireland 0.539 GPIA 2018 up 8.4% volatile
132 Georgia 0.533 GPIA 2019 up 42.3% falling
133 Mongolia 0.528 GPIA 2006 down 24.0% falling
134 Spain 0.5082 GPIA 2018 down 23.6% falling
135 Seychelles 0.5031 GPIA 2019 down 34.3% falling
136 Argentina 0.403 GPIA 2017 down 24.7% falling
137 Barbados 0.3585 GPIA 2019 down 59.1% falling
138 Bahrain 0.3502 GPIA 2019 down 40.0% volatile
139 Samoa 0.3285 GPIA 2016 down 33.2% falling
140 Armenia 0.2237 GPIA 2019 down 76.2% falling
141 New Zealand 0.1982 GPIA 2018 down 65.8% volatile

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

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Out-of-school rate for youth of upper secondary school age, adjusted by country. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 04 September 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/out-of-school-rate-for-youth-of-upper-secondary-school-age-adjusted-gender-parity-index/

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About this data

Indicator
Out-of-school rate for youth of upper secondary school age, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit
GPIA
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
184 places, 2,951 data points, 1970–2019
Last refreshed

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/