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Out-of-school rate for adolescents and youth of lower and upper secondary school age, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) by country

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI...

Countries reporting
137
Highest
1.87 GPIA
Portugal
Lowest
0.0822 GPIA
Israel
Median
0.9035 GPIA
Years covered
50
1970–2019
Data points
4,096

What the numbers show

Out-of-school rate for adolescents and youth of lower and upper secondary school age, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) is currently reported for 137 countries. The highest value is 1.87 GPIA in Portugal; the lowest is 0.0822 GPIA in Israel.

The median across all reporting countries is 0.9035 GPIA, and the mean is 0.91 GPIA.

The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 23.

Over the past decade 51 countries rose and 80 fell. The largest increase was in Cyprus (up 323.5%), and the largest decrease in Israel (down 87.5%).

Out-of-school rate for adolescents and youth of lower and upper: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 Portugal 1.87 GPIA 2018 up 171.3% rising
2 Oman 1.78 GPIA 2018 up 40.3% rising
3 Peru 1.72 GPIA 2019 up 149.0% flat
4 Liechtenstein 1.61 GPIA 2018 down 7.2% rising
5 Qatar 1.6 GPIA 2010 up 117.1% rising
6 Tajikistan 1.48 GPIA 2011 up 5.1% rising
7 Sweden 1.4 GPIA 2015 up 58.7% rising
8 Finland 1.38 GPIA 2018 up 46.1% rising
9 Iraq 1.38 GPIA 2007 up 8.4% rising
10 Greece 1.34 GPIA 2018 up 14.2% rising
11 Yemen 1.33 GPIA 2016 down 0.9% falling
12 Kenya 1.31 GPIA 2009 up 17.5% rising
13 Poland 1.3 GPIA 2018 up 54.0% rising
14 Cyprus 1.29 GPIA 2018 up 323.5% rising
15 Grenada 1.29 GPIA 2015 down 1.0% rising
16 Guinea 1.25 GPIA 2014 down 1.7% flat
17 Uzbekistan 1.25 GPIA 2019 up 20.6% rising
18 Morocco 1.2 GPIA 2019 down 4.0% flat
19 Chad 1.19 GPIA 2019 — flat
20 Eswatini 1.19 GPIA 2015 down 22.0% rising
21 Bulgaria 1.18 GPIA 2018 up 4.2% rising
22 Switzerland 1.18 GPIA 2018 down 5.4% falling
23 Cameroon 1.18 GPIA 2015 — flat
24 Iran, Islamic Republic of 1.18 GPIA 2017 down 3.7% flat
25 Côte d'Ivoire 1.17 GPIA 2019 down 3.9% flat
26 Belgium 1.17 GPIA 2018 up 38.5% rising
27 Eritrea 1.17 GPIA 2018 down 9.6% flat
28 Vanuatu 1.17 GPIA 2015 down 1.8% rising
29 Zimbabwe 1.15 GPIA 2013 down 1.1% falling
30 Paraguay 1.15 GPIA 2012 up 7.9% falling
31 Czechia 1.15 GPIA 2018 up 69.8% rising
32 Mozambique 1.14 GPIA 2015 down 10.3% flat
33 Cambodia 1.14 GPIA 2008 up 3.0% rising
34 Republic of Korea 1.12 GPIA 2018 — rising
35 Mali 1.11 GPIA 2018 down 8.2% falling
36 Malawi 1.1 GPIA 2019 down 2.6% falling
37 Guatemala 1.1 GPIA 2018 down 2.4% flat
38 Niger 1.09 GPIA 2017 up 1.0% flat
39 Chile 1.08 GPIA 2018 up 18.4% rising
40 Saint Lucia 1.08 GPIA 2019 up 33.0% rising
41 Türkiye 1.07 GPIA 2018 down 22.1% falling
42 Dominica 1.06 GPIA 2019 up 61.0% rising
43 Ethiopia 1.06 GPIA 2015 down 16.0% falling
44 Lao People's Democratic Republic 1.06 GPIA 2019 down 16.7% falling
45 El Salvador 1.05 GPIA 2018 down 8.3% falling
46 Republic of Moldova 1.05 GPIA 2019 up 13.9% rising
47 Syrian Arab Republic 1.03 GPIA 2013 down 6.7% falling
48 British Virgin Islands 1.02 GPIA 2018 up 5.6% falling
49 Bolivia, Plurinational State of 1.02 GPIA 2018 down 4.3% falling
50 Djibouti 1.01 GPIA 2015 down 10.3% falling
51 Belize 1.01 GPIA 2019 up 5.5% falling
52 Germany 1 GPIA 2018 down 6.1% falling
53 Slovakia 1 GPIA 2018 up 5.7% rising
54 Turks and Caicos Islands 1 GPIA 2018 up 88.1% rising
55 Egypt 0.9937 GPIA 2019 down 0.6% flat
56 Norway 0.9851 GPIA 2018 up 9.5% rising
57 Hungary 0.9664 GPIA 2018 down 7.5% flat
58 Jordan 0.9624 GPIA 2019 up 13.0% rising
59 Kyrgyzstan 0.9564 GPIA 2019 up 9.0% rising
60 Dominican Republic 0.947 GPIA 2019 up 1.8% rising
61 Burkina Faso 0.9443 GPIA 2019 down 12.5% falling
62 Canada 0.9424 GPIA 2018 down 8.5% falling
63 Romania 0.9337 GPIA 2018 — flat
64 Cayman Islands 0.9335 GPIA 2018 down 4.2% falling
65 Denmark 0.928 GPIA 2018 up 12.9% flat
66 Bahamas 0.9111 GPIA 2018 down 10.2% falling
67 Italy 0.9081 GPIA 2018 up 11.2% falling
68 Panama 0.9062 GPIA 2017 up 1.3% flat
69 Burundi 0.9035 GPIA 2019 down 20.6% falling
70 Jamaica 0.8945 GPIA 2019 up 27.9% falling
71 South Africa 0.8912 GPIA 2018 down 5.2% flat
72 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 0.8889 GPIA 2018 up 27.2% falling
73 Ghana 0.8887 GPIA 2019 down 23.3% falling
74 Mauritania 0.8887 GPIA 2019 down 12.7% falling
75 Namibia 0.8879 GPIA 2007 up 1.4% flat
76 Colombia 0.8813 GPIA 2018 up 10.2% rising
77 Austria 0.8662 GPIA 2018 down 23.4% falling
78 Myanmar 0.8564 GPIA 2018 down 13.9% falling
79 Tuvalu 0.8549 GPIA 2019 up 23.9% rising
80 Cape Verde 0.8547 GPIA 2018 up 10.0% falling
81 Indonesia 0.8537 GPIA 2018 down 16.0% falling
82 Mexico 0.8531 GPIA 2018 down 10.2% falling
83 Ecuador 0.8482 GPIA 2018 down 15.7% falling
84 Nicaragua 0.8365 GPIA 2010 up 3.6% flat
85 Serbia 0.8355 GPIA 2019 up 8.5% rising
86 Luxembourg 0.8355 GPIA 2018 up 2.0% rising
87 Cuba 0.8117 GPIA 2019 down 13.1% flat
88 Honduras 0.8062 GPIA 2019 down 10.5% falling
89 France 0.8002 GPIA 2018 down 5.3% falling
90 United States of America 0.7946 GPIA 2018 — rising
91 Botswana 0.7918 GPIA 2003 down 3.9% falling
92 Australia 0.7891 GPIA 2018 — falling
93 Timor-Leste 0.7857 GPIA 2019 down 24.4% falling
94 Malaysia 0.7834 GPIA 2017 down 2.2% rising
95 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 0.7784 GPIA 2017 up 4.7% falling
96 Tonga 0.7593 GPIA 2015 up 8.8% rising
97 Malta 0.7567 GPIA 2018 down 5.8% falling
98 Brunei Darussalam 0.752 GPIA 2019 down 17.8% falling
99 Iceland 0.735 GPIA 2018 down 11.7% flat
100 Suriname 0.723 GPIA 2015 down 19.7% falling
101 Sao Tome and Principe 0.7198 GPIA 2015 down 30.0% falling
102 Kuwait 0.7163 GPIA 2015 up 21.5% flat
103 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.7088 GPIA 2018 up 173.3% rising
104 Latvia 0.7077 GPIA 2018 down 14.1% falling
105 Ukraine 0.7037 GPIA 2014 up 64.0% rising
106 Lesotho 0.6954 GPIA 2016 down 2.8% rising
107 Puerto Rico 0.6954 GPIA 2018 down 25.2% falling
108 Mauritius 0.6884 GPIA 2019 down 34.1% falling
109 Croatia 0.6524 GPIA 2018 down 3.1% falling
110 Slovenia 0.6469 GPIA 2018 down 15.5% falling
111 Macau, China 0.6303 GPIA 2019 down 40.5% falling
112 Aruba 0.6289 GPIA 2009 down 0.3% flat
113 Philippines 0.6178 GPIA 2015 down 3.1% falling
114 Costa Rica 0.6141 GPIA 2019 down 32.3% falling
115 Albania 0.6073 GPIA 2019 down 37.4% falling
116 Fiji 0.5838 GPIA 2012 down 17.7% falling
117 Armenia 0.5652 GPIA 2019 down 51.8% falling
118 Uruguay 0.5527 GPIA 2017 down 31.5% falling
119 Georgia 0.5403 GPIA 2019 up 26.9% falling
120 Estonia 0.5343 GPIA 2018 up 27.6% rising
121 Netherlands 0.5307 GPIA 2018 down 40.2% falling
122 Bhutan 0.4951 GPIA 2018 down 49.2% falling
123 Mongolia 0.4906 GPIA 2006 down 23.4% falling
124 Seychelles 0.4872 GPIA 2019 down 33.0% falling
125 Palestine, State of 0.4794 GPIA 2019 down 31.1% falling
126 Lithuania 0.459 GPIA 2018 up 220.2% falling
127 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.4539 GPIA 2016 down 5.6% volatile
128 New Zealand 0.4186 GPIA 2018 down 35.3% falling
129 Hong Kong, China 0.4073 GPIA 2019 down 58.3% falling
130 Barbados 0.4068 GPIA 2019 down 59.1% falling
131 Argentina 0.4028 GPIA 2017 down 11.8% falling
132 Spain 0.3766 GPIA 2018 down 40.3% falling
133 Belarus 0.3631 GPIA 2018 down 59.3% falling
134 Samoa 0.3308 GPIA 2016 down 30.1% falling
135 Ireland 0.2827 GPIA 2018 down 23.2% volatile
136 Bahrain 0.2467 GPIA 2019 down 78.2% volatile
137 Israel 0.0822 GPIA 2015 down 87.5% volatile

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

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Out-of-school rate for adolescents and youth of lower and upper by country. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 06 September 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/out-of-school-rate-for-adolescents-and-youth-of-lower-and-upper-secondary-school-age-2/

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About this data

Indicator
Out-of-school rate for adolescents and youth of lower and upper secondary school age, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit
GPIA
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
180 places, 4,096 data points, 1970–2019
Last refreshed

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/