Gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary general education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) by country

Name: Gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary general education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Creator: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
License: CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)

Countries reporting

177

Highest

1.49 GPIA

Suriname

Lowest

0 GPIA

Tonga

Median

1.01 GPIA

Years covered

1970–2020

Data points

4,995

What the numbers show

Gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary general education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) is currently reported for 177 countries. The highest value is 1.49 GPIA in Suriname; the lowest is 0 GPIA in Tonga.

The median across all reporting countries is 1.01 GPIA, and the mean is 0.9823 GPIA.

Over the past decade 98 countries rose and 70 fell. The largest increase was in Burundi (up 117.6%), and the largest decrease in Marshall Islands (down 100.0%).

Gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary general: full country ranking

#	Country	Latest	Year	10-year change	Trend
1	Suriname	1.49 GPIA	2019	down 1.6%	rising
2	Lesotho	1.3 GPIA	2017	up 5.7%	rising
3	Naoero	1.27 GPIA	2019	up 77.0%	falling
4	Uruguay	1.23 GPIA	2010	up 0.8%	flat
5	Cape Verde	1.22 GPIA	2018	up 7.2%	rising
6	Tunisia	1.22 GPIA	2018	up 1.0%	rising
7	Burundi	1.21 GPIA	2019	up 117.6%	rising
8	Algeria	1.2 GPIA	2019	down 4.1%	rising
9	Cambodia	1.19 GPIA	2019	up 41.7%	rising
10	Nicaragua	1.18 GPIA	2010	down 2.4%	falling
11	Bangladesh	1.17 GPIA	2016	up 5.6%	flat
12	Bhutan	1.17 GPIA	2020	up 18.0%	rising
13	Sao Tome and Principe	1.17 GPIA	2017	up 15.7%	rising
14	Bermuda	1.17 GPIA	2012	up 9.1%	rising
15	Senegal	1.17 GPIA	2019	up 44.4%	rising
16	Rwanda	1.15 GPIA	2019	up 4.3%	rising
17	Honduras	1.15 GPIA	2019	down 5.5%	falling
18	Kuwait	1.14 GPIA	2019	up 6.4%	rising
19	Gambia	1.13 GPIA	2019	up 19.5%	rising
20	Guyana	1.13 GPIA	2010	up 7.5%	flat
21	Belize	1.13 GPIA	2019	up 0.1%	flat
22	Bahrain	1.13 GPIA	2019	up 8.5%	rising
23	Burkina Faso	1.12 GPIA	2019	up 44.6%	rising
24	Azerbaijan	1.12 GPIA	2019	up 15.1%	flat
25	Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of	1.11 GPIA	2017	down 2.8%	falling
26	Trinidad and Tobago	1.11 GPIA	2010	up 2.2%	flat
27	Colombia	1.11 GPIA	2018	down 2.2%	rising
28	Eswatini	1.11 GPIA	2018	up 24.7%	rising
29	Morocco	1.1 GPIA	2019	up 18.0%	rising
30	Timor-Leste	1.1 GPIA	2019	up 8.3%	rising
31	Grenada	1.1 GPIA	2018	down 8.2%	falling
32	Namibia	1.1 GPIA	2017	down 1.1%	flat
33	Paraguay	1.09 GPIA	2012	up 4.3%	flat
34	Myanmar	1.09 GPIA	2018	up 6.3%	rising
35	Thailand	1.09 GPIA	2018	—	rising
36	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1.09 GPIA	2018	up 2.7%	falling
37	Kiribati	1.08 GPIA	2016	—	flat
38	Palestine, State of	1.08 GPIA	2019	down 4.6%	flat
39	Mauritius	1.08 GPIA	2019	down 3.6%	rising
40	Panama	1.08 GPIA	2017	down 2.7%	flat
41	South Africa	1.08 GPIA	2018	down 0.8%	falling
42	Argentina	1.08 GPIA	2017	down 0.1%	falling
43	Germany	1.08 GPIA	2008	down 3.9%	flat
44	Djibouti	1.08 GPIA	2020	up 32.5%	rising
45	Dominican Republic	1.07 GPIA	2019	down 2.6%	falling
46	Aruba	1.07 GPIA	2014	down 3.1%	flat
47	Fiji	1.07 GPIA	2016	down 1.0%	flat
48	Montenegro	1.07 GPIA	2019	up 3.4%	flat
49	Antigua and Barbuda	1.07 GPIA	2018	down 9.4%	flat
50	Samoa	1.06 GPIA	2019	up 3.4%	flat
51	Vanuatu	1.06 GPIA	2013	down 3.5%	rising
52	Spain	1.06 GPIA	2018	down 5.4%	flat
53	Madagascar	1.06 GPIA	2019	up 11.0%	rising
54	Portugal	1.06 GPIA	2018	—	flat
55	Malaysia	1.06 GPIA	2019	up 1.0%	flat
56	Egypt	1.06 GPIA	2019	down 4.7%	rising
57	Viet Nam	1.06 GPIA	2018	—	rising
58	Indonesia	1.06 GPIA	2017	up 1.9%	rising
59	British Virgin Islands	1.05 GPIA	2018	down 10.6%	falling
60	Comoros	1.05 GPIA	2014	up 41.7%	rising
61	India	1.05 GPIA	2019	up 12.4%	rising
62	Nepal	1.04 GPIA	2019	up 14.5%	rising
63	Solomon Islands	1.04 GPIA	2018	up 8.8%	rising
64	Israel	1.04 GPIA	2018	up 1.2%	flat
65	Saint Kitts and Nevis	1.04 GPIA	2016	down 8.6%	falling
66	Belgium	1.04 GPIA	2018	up 1.2%	rising
67	Mexico	1.04 GPIA	2018	down 3.5%	flat
68	Botswana	1.04 GPIA	2014	down 3.1%	falling
69	Jordan	1.04 GPIA	2019	down 0.3%	falling
70	Tanzania, United Republic of	1.04 GPIA	2018	up 32.8%	rising
71	Ecuador	1.04 GPIA	2018	up 1.1%	rising
72	Eritrea	1.04 GPIA	2018	up 44.3%	rising
73	Cuba	1.03 GPIA	2019	up 1.4%	falling
74	Albania	1.03 GPIA	2019	down 1.9%	flat
75	Switzerland	1.03 GPIA	2018	down 1.8%	flat
76	United Arab Emirates	1.03 GPIA	2014	up 7.1%	flat
77	Slovenia	1.02 GPIA	2018	up 1.6%	flat
78	Cyprus	1.02 GPIA	2018	up 2.0%	falling
79	Costa Rica	1.02 GPIA	2019	down 8.8%	falling
80	Austria	1.02 GPIA	2018	up 1.9%	flat
81	China	1.02 GPIA	2011	up 12.0%	rising
82	Czechia	1.02 GPIA	2018	down 1.2%	flat
83	Bolivia, Plurinational State of	1.02 GPIA	2018	up 2.9%	rising
84	Dominica	1.02 GPIA	2015	up 4.0%	falling
85	Syria	1.02 GPIA	2013	up 4.3%	rising
86	Jamaica	1.02 GPIA	2019	up 1.8%	falling
87	Latvia	1.02 GPIA	2018	up 4.5%	flat
88	Armenia	1.01 GPIA	2019	up 7.1%	flat
89	Lithuania	1.01 GPIA	2018	up 2.5%	rising
90	Hungary	1.01 GPIA	2018	up 0.1%	flat
91	Malta	1.01 GPIA	2018	down 1.1%	falling
92	Mozambique	1.01 GPIA	2019	up 30.5%	rising
93	Ghana	1.01 GPIA	2019	up 14.9%	rising
94	Romania	1.01 GPIA	2018	down 1.2%	falling
95	Saudi Arabia	1.01 GPIA	2019	up 0.7%	rising
96	Italy	1 GPIA	2018	up 0.7%	flat
97	Sierra Leone	1 GPIA	2019	up 36.6%	rising
98	Kazakhstan	1 GPIA	2019	up 1.2%	flat
99	North Macedonia	1 GPIA	2018	up 0.1%	flat
100	Iceland	1 GPIA	2018	up 4.2%	flat
101	Poland	1 GPIA	2018	up 1.1%	volatile
102	Seychelles	1 GPIA	2019	down 1.5%	falling
103	Chile	1 GPIA	2018	down 0.5%	flat
104	Georgia	1 GPIA	2019	down 1.3%	falling
105	France	0.9998 GPIA	2018	down 2.0%	falling
106	Belarus	0.9993 GPIA	2018	up 0.5%	flat
107	Ireland	0.9984 GPIA	2018	down 2.9%	flat
108	Serbia	0.9976 GPIA	2019	down 1.5%	flat
109	Estonia	0.9974 GPIA	2018	up 1.2%	falling
110	Ukraine	0.9968 GPIA	2014	down 0.6%	flat
111	Finland	0.9964 GPIA	2018	down 1.1%	flat
112	Mongolia	0.9962 GPIA	2018	down 5.4%	falling
113	Bahamas	0.9958 GPIA	2010	up 0.6%	rising
114	Kenya	0.9954 GPIA	2016	—	rising
115	Republic of Korea	0.9946 GPIA	2018	down 1.2%	rising
116	Hong Kong	0.9942 GPIA	2019	down 1.6%	falling
117	Macao	0.9941 GPIA	2019	down 5.5%	falling
118	Uzbekistan	0.9939 GPIA	2019	down 1.8%	flat
119	Kyrgyzstan	0.9936 GPIA	2019	down 2.3%	flat
120	Sri Lanka	0.9932 GPIA	2017	down 3.4%	falling
121	Croatia	0.9931 GPIA	2018	down 1.4%	flat
122	Norway	0.9908 GPIA	2018	up 0.5%	flat
123	El Salvador	0.9903 GPIA	2018	down 3.8%	rising
124	Denmark	0.9861 GPIA	2018	down 1.6%	flat
125	Türkiye	0.9846 GPIA	2018	up 8.8%	rising
126	Greece	0.9845 GPIA	2018	up 5.0%	falling
127	Republic of Moldova	0.9842 GPIA	2019	down 2.5%	falling
128	Russian Federation	0.9815 GPIA	2018	—	falling
129	Cameroon	0.9782 GPIA	2016	up 23.5%	rising
130	Slovakia	0.978 GPIA	2018	down 1.5%	flat
131	Brunei Darussalam	0.977 GPIA	2019	up 10.7%	falling
132	Luxembourg	0.9732 GPIA	2018	down 7.6%	falling
133	Congo	0.9726 GPIA	2012	up 38.5%	rising
134	Guatemala	0.9716 GPIA	2019	up 2.5%	rising
135	Iran	0.9694 GPIA	2017	down 2.0%	rising
136	Cayman Islands	0.9671 GPIA	2018	down 6.0%	falling
137	Ethiopia	0.9647 GPIA	2015	up 72.1%	rising
138	Sweden	0.9612 GPIA	2018	down 4.1%	falling
139	Lao People's Democratic Republic	0.9607 GPIA	2019	up 18.0%	rising
140	Mauritania	0.9603 GPIA	2019	up 17.4%	rising
141	Tajikistan	0.9602 GPIA	2017	up 6.7%	rising
142	Peru	0.9602 GPIA	2019	down 8.7%	rising
143	Equatorial Guinea	0.9578 GPIA	2015	up 43.1%	rising
144	Netherlands	0.9386 GPIA	1999	down 18.5%	flat
145	Haiti	0.9243 GPIA	1997	up 0.4%	rising
146	Saint Lucia	0.9185 GPIA	2019	down 2.7%	falling
147	Qatar	0.9136 GPIA	2019	up 20.1%	falling
148	Liberia	0.9129 GPIA	2017	up 23.3%	rising
149	Barbados	0.9126 GPIA	2009	down 9.1%	flat
150	Uganda	0.907 GPIA	2017	up 12.1%	rising
151	Malawi	0.9021 GPIA	2013	up 23.6%	rising
152	Liechtenstein	0.8962 GPIA	2018	down 7.6%	flat
153	Turks and Caicos Islands	0.8928 GPIA	2018	down 10.6%	falling
154	Pakistan	0.8826 GPIA	2019	up 12.1%	rising
155	Zambia	0.8654 GPIA	2013	down 0.3%	rising
156	Iraq	0.8515 GPIA	2007	up 12.4%	rising
157	Oman	0.8431 GPIA	2019	down 5.7%	rising
158	Maldives	0.8265 GPIA	2019	down 31.1%	falling
159	Mali	0.8235 GPIA	2017	up 30.5%	rising
160	Niger	0.8062 GPIA	2019	up 13.8%	rising
161	Togo	0.7996 GPIA	2019	up 55.7%	rising
162	Côte d'Ivoire	0.7952 GPIA	2019	up 27.0%	rising
163	Benin	0.7847 GPIA	2016	up 47.4%	rising
164	Gabon	0.7739 GPIA	1995	up 1.6%	rising
165	Yemen	0.7446 GPIA	2016	up 56.6%	rising
166	San Marino	0.7439 GPIA	2019	down 23.4%	falling
167	Guinea	0.6601 GPIA	2014	up 65.9%	rising
168	Central African Republic	0.6374 GPIA	2016	down 13.9%	volatile
169	Guinea-Bissau	0.6307 GPIA	2010	up 16.1%	volatile
170	Afghanistan	0.5748 GPIA	2018	up 45.9%	rising
171	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0.5578 GPIA	2014	—	rising
172	Chad	0.4905 GPIA	2018	up 29.0%	rising
173	Bulgaria	0 GPIA	2018	—	falling
173	Marshall Islands	0 GPIA	2020	down 100.0%	volatile
173	Philippines	0 GPIA	2020	down 100.0%	falling
173	Sudan	0 GPIA	2020	down 100.0%	falling
173	Tonga	0 GPIA	2020	—	volatile

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

Caribbean Small States 1.08 GPIA
European Union 1.02 GPIA
Pacific island small states 1.07 GPIA
World 1.01 GPIA
Small states 1.06 GPIA
Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 1.06 GPIA
Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.06 GPIA
Latin America & Caribbean 1.06 GPIA
Other small states 1.06 GPIA
Early-demographic dividend 1.04 GPIA
IBRD only 1.04 GPIA
East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 1.03 GPIA
East Asia & Pacific 1.03 GPIA
East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.03 GPIA
South Asia 1.03 GPIA
South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 1.03 GPIA
OECD members 1.03 GPIA
Post-demographic dividend 1.03 GPIA
Lower middle income 1.03 GPIA
High income 1.03 GPIA
Middle income 1.03 GPIA
Euro area 1.03 GPIA
Late-demographic dividend 1.02 GPIA
Upper middle income 1.02 GPIA
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 1.02 GPIA
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 1.02 GPIA
Arab World 1.02 GPIA
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 1.02 GPIA
Low & middle income 1.01 GPIA
Central Europe and the Baltics 1.01 GPIA
Europe & Central Asia 1.01 GPIA
Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.9927 GPIA
Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 0.9915 GPIA
IDA only 0.9495 GPIA
Least developed countries 0.9422 GPIA
IDA blend 0.9132 GPIA
Sub-Saharan Africa 0.8979 GPIA
Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.8979 GPIA
Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 0.8976 GPIA
Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 0.8615 GPIA

Share, cite or embed this page

Cite this page

Gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary general by country. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 30 August 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/gross-intake-ratio-to-the-last-grade-of-lower-secondary-general-education-adjusted-gender/

Embed or link this data

Paste this into a page to link back to these figures. The data itself is free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data); please keep the attribution.

<a href="https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/gross-intake-ratio-to-the-last-grade-of-lower-secondary-general-education-adjusted-gender/">Gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary general by country</a> — Statizoid

About this data

Indicator: Gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary general education, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit: GPIA
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence: CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage: 219 places, 4,995 data points, 1970–2020
Last refreshed: 21 August 2026

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/