Proportion of students at the end of lower secondary education achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in reading, adjusted location parity index (LPIA) by country
The Adjusted Location Parity Index (LPIA) is calculated by dividing the rural value for the indicator by the urban value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted location parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted...
What the numbers show
Proportion of students at the end of lower secondary education achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in reading, adjusted location parity index (LPIA) is currently reported for 36 countries. The highest value is 1.03 LPIA in Denmark; the lowest is 0.254 LPIA in Bulgaria.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.8154 LPIA, and the mean is 0.7502 LPIA.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 4.
Over the past decade 6 countries rose and 30 fell. The largest increase was in Sweden (up 7.4%), and the largest decrease in Bulgaria (down 61.1%).
Proportion of students at the end of lower secondary education: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Denmark | 1.03 LPIA | 2018 | up 4.7% | flat |
| 2 | Sweden | 1.03 LPIA | 2018 | up 7.4% | flat |
| 3 | Finland | 1.01 LPIA | 2018 | up 3.1% | flat |
| 4 | Austria | 1 LPIA | 2018 | up 7.3% | rising |
| 5 | Belgium | 0.9935 LPIA | 2012 | down 3.7% | flat |
| 6 | Ireland | 0.991 LPIA | 2018 | up 3.6% | flat |
| 7 | Netherlands | 0.9683 LPIA | 2012 | down 1.3% | falling |
| 8 | Norway | 0.9449 LPIA | 2018 | down 1.9% | flat |
| 9 | Republic of Korea | 0.9314 LPIA | 2012 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 10 | Germany | 0.9276 LPIA | 2012 | down 11.4% | falling |
| 11 | Iceland | 0.9229 LPIA | 2018 | down 8.1% | falling |
| 12 | Spain | 0.9196 LPIA | 2012 | down 8.5% | falling |
| 13 | Poland | 0.9157 LPIA | 2018 | down 2.1% | flat |
| 14 | Canada | 0.912 LPIA | 2018 | down 4.9% | falling |
| 15 | United States | 0.9033 LPIA | 2018 | down 9.6% | falling |
| 16 | New Zealand | 0.8743 LPIA | 2018 | down 9.6% | falling |
| 17 | Luxembourg | 0.8728 LPIA | 2012 | down 3.4% | falling |
| 18 | Italy | 0.8266 LPIA | 2018 | down 9.2% | falling |
| 19 | Australia | 0.8041 LPIA | 2018 | down 12.3% | falling |
| 20 | Latvia | 0.7932 LPIA | 2018 | down 14.0% | flat |
| 21 | Russian Federation | 0.7917 LPIA | 2018 | down 7.5% | flat |
| 22 | Israel | 0.7862 LPIA | 2018 | down 11.9% | flat |
| 23 | Czechia | 0.7641 LPIA | 2018 | down 15.4% | falling |
| 24 | Uruguay | 0.7066 LPIA | 2018 | down 7.5% | falling |
| 25 | Greece | 0.7007 LPIA | 2018 | down 30.6% | falling |
| 26 | Chile | 0.6312 LPIA | 2018 | down 1.3% | flat |
| 27 | Slovakia | 0.5403 LPIA | 2018 | down 36.3% | falling |
| 28 | Portugal | 0.5218 LPIA | 2018 | down 40.3% | falling |
| 29 | Brazil | 0.4313 LPIA | 2018 | down 28.1% | falling |
| 30 | Thailand | 0.4242 LPIA | 2018 | down 39.0% | falling |
| 31 | Mexico | 0.4047 LPIA | 2018 | down 29.2% | falling |
| 32 | Romania | 0.3826 LPIA | 2018 | down 51.4% | falling |
| 33 | Argentina | 0.3814 LPIA | 2018 | down 29.9% | falling |
| 34 | Hungary | 0.3713 LPIA | 2018 | down 48.6% | falling |
| 35 | Indonesia | 0.3466 LPIA | 2018 | down 47.4% | falling |
| 36 | Bulgaria | 0.254 LPIA | 2018 | down 61.1% | falling |
About this data
The Adjusted Location Parity Index (LPIA) is calculated by dividing the rural value for the indicator by the urban value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted location parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted LPI equal to 1 indicates parity between rural and urban locations. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of urban locations and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of rural locations. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/