Public sector wage premium, by gender: Female (compared to all private employees) by country
Countries reporting
60
Highest
1.44 compared to all private employees
Zambia
Lowest
-0.287 compared to all private employees
Moldova, Republic of
Median
0.1781 compared to all private employees
Years covered
22
2000–2021
Data points
741
What the numbers show
Public sector wage premium, by gender: Female (compared to all private employees) is currently reported for 60 countries. The highest value is 1.44 compared to all private employees in Zambia; the lowest is -0.287 compared to all private employees in Moldova, Republic of.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.1781 compared to all private employees, and the mean is 0.2938 compared to all private employees.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 5.
Over the past decade 31 countries rose and 29 fell. The largest increase was in Estonia (up 16,445.2%), and the largest decrease in France (down 585.0%).
Public sector wage premium, by gender: Female: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zambia | 1.44 compared to all private employees | 2014 | up 156.4% | rising |
| 2 | Pakistan | 1.32 compared to all private employees | 2020 | down 17.0% | rising |
| 3 | Colombia | 0.993 compared to all private employees | 2020 | up 36.4% | rising |
| 4 | Namibia | 0.9295 compared to all private employees | 2015 | down 21.6% | rising |
| 5 | Sri Lanka | 0.9141 compared to all private employees | 2016 | down 15.9% | flat |
| 6 | Guatemala | 0.7932 compared to all private employees | 2017 | up 175.9% | rising |
| 7 | Philippines | 0.7492 compared to all private employees | 2014 | up 22.4% | rising |
| 8 | Costa Rica | 0.6897 compared to all private employees | 2021 | down 0.8% | rising |
| 9 | Palestine, State of | 0.6834 compared to all private employees | 2017 | up 38.6% | volatile |
| 10 | El Salvador | 0.6618 compared to all private employees | 2021 | up 47.3% | rising |
| 11 | Peru | 0.5655 compared to all private employees | 2021 | up 269.9% | volatile |
| 12 | Bolivia | 0.5525 compared to all private employees | 2021 | up 160.0% | volatile |
| 13 | Ecuador | 0.5442 compared to all private employees | 2017 | up 10.3% | rising |
| 14 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 0.5317 compared to all private employees | 2020 | down 64.4% | falling |
| 15 | Dominican Republic | 0.5037 compared to all private employees | 2019 | up 232.6% | volatile |
| 16 | Paraguay | 0.5025 compared to all private employees | 2021 | up 280.0% | rising |
| 17 | Ethiopia, The Federal Democratic Republic of | 0.4572 compared to all private employees | 2016 | down 62.4% | volatile |
| 18 | Panama | 0.4086 compared to all private employees | 2021 | up 10.6% | falling |
| 19 | Türkiye | 0.4068 compared to all private employees | 2010 | down 41.1% | falling |
| 20 | Uruguay | 0.3954 compared to all private employees | 2017 | down 22.3% | rising |
| 21 | Honduras | 0.3601 compared to all private employees | 2019 | up 12.2% | rising |
| 22 | Luxembourg | 0.3577 compared to all private employees | 2018 | up 127.2% | rising |
| 23 | Argentina | 0.3495 compared to all private employees | 2021 | down 16.4% | rising |
| 24 | Australia | 0.3468 compared to all private employees | 2015 | up 157.2% | rising |
| 25 | Mexico | 0.2838 compared to all private employees | 2019 | down 4.9% | rising |
| 26 | Brazil | 0.2765 compared to all private employees | 2021 | up 75.6% | rising |
| 27 | Spain | 0.2433 compared to all private employees | 2018 | down 33.8% | flat |
| 28 | Jordan | 0.238 compared to all private employees | 2016 | up 133.4% | volatile |
| 29 | Ireland | 0.1932 compared to all private employees | 2017 | down 12.4% | rising |
| 30 | Greece | 0.1847 compared to all private employees | 2018 | up 9.0% | falling |
| 31 | Chile | 0.1715 compared to all private employees | 2015 | down 23.0% | rising |
| 32 | Estonia | 0.1677 compared to all private employees | 2018 | up 16,445.2% | rising |
| 33 | Lithuania | 0.1618 compared to all private employees | 2018 | down 5.5% | falling |
| 34 | Cyprus | 0.1557 compared to all private employees | 2018 | down 65.9% | falling |
| 35 | Vietnam | 0.155 compared to all private employees | 2019 | up 627.4% | volatile |
| 36 | Austria | 0.1371 compared to all private employees | 2018 | down 40.2% | falling |
| 37 | Italy | 0.1304 compared to all private employees | 2018 | down 26.4% | falling |
| 38 | Latvia | 0.1034 compared to all private employees | 2018 | down 20.1% | falling |
| 39 | Serbia, Republic of | 0.0984 compared to all private employees | 2018 | up 153.6% | volatile |
| 40 | Malta | 0.0943 compared to all private employees | 2018 | up 2,154.3% | volatile |
| 41 | Romania | 0.0888 compared to all private employees | 2018 | up 543.6% | volatile |
| 42 | Bulgaria | 0.0705 compared to all private employees | 2018 | up 144.2% | volatile |
| 43 | Portugal | 0.0586 compared to all private employees | 2018 | down 73.1% | falling |
| 44 | Czechia | 0.0525 compared to all private employees | 2018 | up 72.3% | volatile |
| 45 | Croatia | 0.0512 compared to all private employees | 2018 | down 73.0% | volatile |
| 46 | Switzerland | 0.0272 compared to all private employees | 2018 | up 144.0% | volatile |
| 47 | United Kingdom | 0.0073 compared to all private employees | 2016 | down 87.7% | volatile |
| 48 | Poland | -0.0005 compared to all private employees | 2017 | down 100.4% | falling |
| 49 | Georgia | -0.0051 compared to all private employees | 2013 | up 93.1% | volatile |
| 50 | Belgium | -0.0124 compared to all private employees | 2018 | up 79.0% | volatile |
| 51 | Finland | -0.0124 compared to all private employees | 2018 | down 195.7% | volatile |
| 52 | Hungary | -0.0177 compared to all private employees | 2018 | down 120.9% | volatile |
| 53 | Slovak Republic | -0.036 compared to all private employees | 2017 | down 155.4% | volatile |
| 54 | South Africa | -0.0411 compared to all private employees | 2019 | down 112.2% | volatile |
| 55 | Russia | -0.0554 compared to all private employees | 2016 | up 73.3% | rising |
| 56 | Iceland | -0.075 compared to all private employees | 2013 | up 32.6% | rising |
| 57 | Mongolia | -0.1066 compared to all private employees | 2021 | down 10.6% | rising |
| 58 | Armenia, Republic of | -0.155 compared to all private employees | 2021 | down 19.5% | volatile |
| 59 | France | -0.1705 compared to all private employees | 2018 | down 585.0% | volatile |
| 60 | Moldova, Republic of | -0.287 compared to all private employees | 2012 | up 5.0% | rising |