Out-of-school rate for children one year younger than official age, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) by country

Name: Out-of-school rate for children one year younger than official age, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Creator: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
License: CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)

Countries reporting

128

Highest

2 GPIA

Switzerland

Lowest

0 GPIA

British Virgin Islands

Median

0.9956 GPIA

Years covered

1997–2020

Data points

2,234

What the numbers show

Out-of-school rate for children one year younger than official age, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) is currently reported for 128 countries. The highest value is 2 GPIA in Switzerland; the lowest is 0 GPIA in British Virgin Islands.

The median across all reporting countries is 0.9956 GPIA, and the mean is 0.9536 GPIA.

Over the past decade 45 countries rose and 65 fell. The largest increase was in Denmark (up 6,621.7%), and the largest decrease in Aruba (down 100.0%).

Out-of-school rate for children one year younger than official age: full country ranking

#	Country	Latest	Year	10-year change	Trend
1	Switzerland	2 GPIA	2018	up 95.2%	volatile
1	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	2 GPIA	2018	up 105.4%	rising
1	Saint Kitts and Nevis	2 GPIA	2016	—	volatile
1	Liechtenstein	2 GPIA	2016	up 64.6%	volatile
1	Malta	2 GPIA	2018	unchanged	volatile
1	Peru	2 GPIA	2019	up 125.1%	rising
1	San Marino	2 GPIA	2019	unchanged	falling
8	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1.97 GPIA	2018	down 1.3%	rising
9	Belarus	1.87 GPIA	2018	up 43.1%	rising
10	Cyprus	1.54 GPIA	2018	—	rising
11	Togo	1.51 GPIA	2019	up 47.6%	rising
12	Nepal	1.47 GPIA	2019	up 149.5%	rising
13	Finland	1.38 GPIA	2018	down 25.0%	rising
14	Algeria	1.35 GPIA	2010	up 34.4%	rising
15	Guyana	1.32 GPIA	2012	up 81.6%	rising
16	Macau, China	1.25 GPIA	2019	up 10.9%	falling
17	Grenada	1.23 GPIA	2017	down 38.4%	volatile
18	Denmark	1.2 GPIA	2018	up 6,621.7%	volatile
19	New Zealand	1.2 GPIA	2018	—	rising
20	Slovenia	1.2 GPIA	2018	up 6.7%	falling
21	Morocco	1.19 GPIA	2019	down 8.9%	falling
22	Italy	1.14 GPIA	2018	down 42.8%	falling
23	Brazil	1.14 GPIA	2011	down 0.7%	falling
24	Cuba	1.13 GPIA	2019	down 12.0%	volatile
25	Hungary	1.12 GPIA	2018	down 16.7%	falling
25	Uruguay	1.12 GPIA	2017	down 43.8%	volatile
27	Portugal	1.12 GPIA	2018	down 17.2%	rising
28	Russian Federation	1.12 GPIA	2018	up 13.2%	rising
29	Lithuania	1.12 GPIA	2018	—	volatile
30	Trinidad and Tobago	1.12 GPIA	2007	up 4.7%	rising
31	Slovakia	1.1 GPIA	2018	up 10.4%	falling
32	Thailand	1.1 GPIA	2019	—	volatile
33	Poland	1.09 GPIA	2018	up 0.4%	rising
34	Bulgaria	1.09 GPIA	2018	down 23.8%	rising
35	Türkiye	1.08 GPIA	2018	up 3.2%	flat
36	Latvia	1.07 GPIA	2018	down 46.6%	falling
37	Brunei Darussalam	1.07 GPIA	2019	—	volatile
38	Montenegro	1.07 GPIA	2019	up 9.5%	rising
39	Guinea	1.06 GPIA	2016	up 5.9%	rising
40	Mali	1.06 GPIA	2018	down 3.9%	flat
41	Serbia	1.05 GPIA	2019	up 209.6%	rising
42	Australia	1.05 GPIA	2018	up 2.4%	rising
43	Ethiopia	1.04 GPIA	2015	up 3.5%	flat
44	Cayman Islands	1.03 GPIA	2013	down 39.6%	volatile
45	Uzbekistan	1.03 GPIA	2019	up 4.9%	flat
46	Djibouti	1.03 GPIA	2020	up 2.2%	flat
47	Costa Rica	1.02 GPIA	2019	up 26.2%	rising
48	Chad	1.02 GPIA	2019	—	flat
49	Syria	1.02 GPIA	2013	down 4.8%	falling
50	Tajikistan	1.02 GPIA	2017	up 0.7%	flat
51	Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of	1.02 GPIA	2017	up 13.0%	flat
52	Cameroon	1.02 GPIA	2019	down 0.1%	flat
53	Iraq	1.01 GPIA	2007	up 1.2%	flat
54	Czechia	1.01 GPIA	2018	down 49.4%	falling
55	Chile	1.01 GPIA	2018	up 4.9%	flat
56	Luxembourg	1.01 GPIA	2018	up 0.1%	volatile
57	Eritrea	1.01 GPIA	2018	down 3.4%	flat
58	Romania	1 GPIA	2018	—	volatile
59	Estonia	1 GPIA	2018	up 65.9%	flat
60	Kenya	1 GPIA	2009	up 2.1%	flat
61	Burkina Faso	1 GPIA	2019	down 2.0%	falling
62	Côte d'Ivoire	0.9984 GPIA	2019	down 0.7%	falling
63	Egypt	0.9981 GPIA	2019	down 1.1%	flat
64	Niger	0.9966 GPIA	2019	down 1.4%	flat
65	Botswana	0.9946 GPIA	2015	down 0.1%	flat
66	Jordan	0.994 GPIA	2019	down 6.6%	falling
67	North Macedonia	0.9937 GPIA	2018	down 1.5%	falling
68	Samoa	0.9922 GPIA	2019	up 7.2%	flat
69	Iran, Islamic Republic of	0.9872 GPIA	2016	up 3.3%	flat
70	Cape Verde	0.9823 GPIA	2018	down 8.9%	rising
71	Sierra Leone	0.981 GPIA	2019	down 1.7%	flat
72	Senegal	0.9775 GPIA	2019	down 0.5%	flat
73	Palestine, State of	0.9717 GPIA	2019	down 4.0%	flat
74	Lao People's Democratic Republic	0.9665 GPIA	2019	down 2.1%	flat
75	Republic of Moldova	0.9611 GPIA	2019	down 4.4%	falling
76	Guatemala	0.9523 GPIA	2019	up 12.9%	falling
77	Sao Tome and Principe	0.946 GPIA	2015	up 2.9%	flat
78	Saudi Arabia	0.9411 GPIA	2019	up 6.6%	flat
79	Timor-Leste	0.9399 GPIA	2019	up 5.7%	rising
80	Bolivia, Plurinational State of	0.9392 GPIA	2018	down 4.9%	rising
81	Bahamas	0.9379 GPIA	2018	down 5.5%	falling
82	United Arab Emirates	0.9369 GPIA	2013	down 39.9%	falling
83	Tanzania, United Republic of	0.9297 GPIA	2019	down 4.4%	falling
84	Panama	0.9269 GPIA	2017	down 12.7%	flat
85	Republic of Korea	0.9183 GPIA	2018	up 36.7%	rising
86	Honduras	0.9158 GPIA	2019	down 3.3%	flat
87	El Salvador	0.9115 GPIA	2018	up 0.9%	rising
88	Dominican Republic	0.9085 GPIA	2019	down 29.7%	falling
89	Belize	0.906 GPIA	2019	down 1.1%	flat
90	Bahrain	0.8963 GPIA	2019	down 7.9%	rising
91	Croatia	0.8961 GPIA	2018	down 18.2%	rising
92	Norway	0.8953 GPIA	2018	up 3.8%	rising
93	Philippines	0.8821 GPIA	2018	down 13.0%	falling
94	Mongolia	0.8813 GPIA	2018	—	volatile
95	Kyrgyzstan	0.8759 GPIA	2019	down 7.9%	falling
96	Mauritius	0.8621 GPIA	2019	up 12.1%	falling
97	Oman	0.8207 GPIA	2019	down 22.3%	falling
98	Suriname	0.8115 GPIA	2019	up 19.1%	rising
99	Iceland	0.7897 GPIA	2018	up 3.5%	volatile
100	Kuwait	0.7894 GPIA	2019	down 36.9%	rising
101	Qatar	0.7835 GPIA	2019	down 33.9%	falling
102	Greece	0.7731 GPIA	2018	down 27.6%	falling
103	Germany	0.7497 GPIA	2018	down 27.0%	falling
104	Sweden	0.7475 GPIA	2018	down 62.6%	volatile
105	Argentina	0.7387 GPIA	2017	up 32.2%	rising
106	Albania	0.7354 GPIA	2015	down 21.3%	falling
107	Jamaica	0.7096 GPIA	2019	down 64.5%	volatile
108	Kazakhstan	0.6898 GPIA	2019	—	volatile
109	Maldives	0.6678 GPIA	2019	down 30.3%	falling
110	Seychelles	0.6059 GPIA	2019	—	volatile
111	Azerbaijan	0.5923 GPIA	2019	down 40.4%	falling
112	Barbados	0.5426 GPIA	2011	down 29.9%	falling
113	Belgium	0.5398 GPIA	2018	down 50.1%	volatile
114	Ecuador	0.3619 GPIA	2018	down 49.8%	volatile
115	Netherlands	0.3125 GPIA	2018	down 62.9%	volatile
116	Antigua and Barbuda	0.3124 GPIA	2018	down 84.4%	volatile
117	Aruba	0 GPIA	2014	down 100.0%	volatile
117	Austria	0 GPIA	2018	down 100.0%	falling
117	Colombia	0 GPIA	2018	down 100.0%	falling
117	France	0 GPIA	2018	—	volatile
117	Indonesia	0 GPIA	2018	—	volatile
117	Ireland	0 GPIA	2018	down 100.0%	volatile
117	Israel	0 GPIA	2018	—	volatile
117	Saint Lucia	0 GPIA	2017	down 100.0%	falling
117	Mexico	0 GPIA	2018	—	volatile
117	Malaysia	0 GPIA	2015	down 100.0%	falling
117	Turks and Caicos Islands	0 GPIA	2018	down 100.0%	volatile
117	British Virgin Islands	0 GPIA	2017	—	volatile

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

IDA blend 1.13 GPIA
World 1.01 GPIA
Central Europe and the Baltics 1.04 GPIA
European Union 0.9984 GPIA
Lower middle income 1.04 GPIA
North America 1.03 GPIA
Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 1.03 GPIA
Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.02 GPIA
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 1.02 GPIA
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 1.02 GPIA
Europe & Central Asia 1.02 GPIA
Arab World 1.02 GPIA
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 1.02 GPIA
Low & middle income 1.01 GPIA
Early-demographic dividend 1.01 GPIA
Middle income 1 GPIA
Low income 1 GPIA
Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 1 GPIA
Sub-Saharan Africa 1 GPIA
Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 1 GPIA
Post-demographic dividend 0.9994 GPIA
Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 0.9952 GPIA
Pacific island small states 0.9944 GPIA
Small states 0.994 GPIA
Other small states 0.9939 GPIA
Least developed countries 0.9819 GPIA
IDA only 0.9769 GPIA
OECD members 0.9762 GPIA
High income 0.9758 GPIA
IBRD only 0.9702 GPIA
Euro area 0.9681 GPIA
Late-demographic dividend 0.9267 GPIA
Caribbean Small States 0.9182 GPIA
Upper middle income 0.8904 GPIA
Latin America & Caribbean 0.8596 GPIA
Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.854 GPIA
Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 0.8429 GPIA
East Asia & Pacific 0.813 GPIA
East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 0.8064 GPIA
East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.805 GPIA

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Out-of-school rate for children one year younger than official age by country. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 02 September 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/out-of-school-rate-for-children-one-year-younger-than-official-age-adjusted-gender-parity/

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About this data

Indicator: Out-of-school rate for children one year younger than official age, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit: GPIA
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence: CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage: 169 places, 2,234 data points, 1997–2020
Last refreshed: 21 August 2026

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/