Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and source in Türkiye
Türkiye: Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and source was 45,563 US dollars, PPP converted in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and source in Türkiye, 1990–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in US dollars, PPP converted.
Analysis
The most recent figure for gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and source in Türkiye is 45,563 US dollars, PPP converted, measured in 2024. That is the highest value across all 35 years on record.
The figure is up 8.4% on the previous year and up 175.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and source in Türkiye peaked at 45,563 US dollars, PPP converted in 2024 and was at its lowest, 1,611 US dollars, PPP converted, in 1990.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and source in Türkiye, year by year
| Year | US dollars, PPP converted | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 1,611 US dollars, PPP converted | — |
| 1991 | 2,647 US dollars, PPP converted | +64.3% |
| 1992 | 2,601 US dollars, PPP converted | -1.7% |
| 1993 | 2,540 US dollars, PPP converted | -2.3% |
| 1994 | 1,961 US dollars, PPP converted | -22.8% |
| 1995 | 2,210 US dollars, PPP converted | +12.7% |
| 1996 | 2,826 US dollars, PPP converted | +27.9% |
| 1997 | 3,280 US dollars, PPP converted | +16.1% |
| 1998 | 3,418 US dollars, PPP converted | +4.2% |
| 1999 | 4,168 US dollars, PPP converted | +21.9% |
| 2000 | 4,554 US dollars, PPP converted | +9.3% |
| 2001 | 4,829 US dollars, PPP converted | +6.0% |
| 2002 | 5,008 US dollars, PPP converted | +3.7% |
| 2003 | 4,842 US dollars, PPP converted | -3.3% |
| 2004 | 5,682 US dollars, PPP converted | +17.4% |
| 2005 | 7,026 US dollars, PPP converted | +23.6% |
| 2006 | 7,372 US dollars, PPP converted | +4.9% |
| 2007 | 9,606 US dollars, PPP converted | +30.3% |
| 2008 | 9,705 US dollars, PPP converted | +1.0% |
| 2009 | 10,785 US dollars, PPP converted | +11.1% |
| 2010 | 11,561 US dollars, PPP converted | +7.2% |
| 2011 | 12,843 US dollars, PPP converted | +11.1% |
| 2012 | 14,018 US dollars, PPP converted | +9.1% |
| 2013 | 14,965 US dollars, PPP converted | +6.8% |
| 2014 | 16,523 US dollars, PPP converted | +10.4% |
| 2015 | 19,792 US dollars, PPP converted | +19.8% |
| 2016 | 23,674 US dollars, PPP converted | +19.6% |
| 2017 | 26,698 US dollars, PPP converted | +12.8% |
| 2018 | 29,659 US dollars, PPP converted | +11.1% |
| 2019 | 30,967 US dollars, PPP converted | +4.4% |
| 2020 | 32,703 US dollars, PPP converted | +5.6% |
| 2021 | 37,270 US dollars, PPP converted | +14.0% |
| 2022 | 37,223 US dollars, PPP converted | -0.1% |
| 2023 | 42,035 US dollars, PPP converted | +12.9% |
| 2024 | 45,563 US dollars, PPP converted | +8.4% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 2,726 US dollars, PPP converted | 1,611 US dollars, PPP converted | 4,168 US dollars, PPP converted | 10 |
| 2000s | 6,941 US dollars, PPP converted | 4,554 US dollars, PPP converted | 10,785 US dollars, PPP converted | 10 |
| 2010s | 20,070 US dollars, PPP converted | 11,561 US dollars, PPP converted | 30,967 US dollars, PPP converted | 10 |
| 2020s | 38,959 US dollars, PPP converted | 32,703 US dollars, PPP converted | 45,563 US dollars, PPP converted | 5 |
Countries ranked near Türkiye
- 2 Germany 159,537 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 2 United States 847,935 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 3 France 82,108 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 4 United Kingdom 102,458 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 4 Taiwan, China 65,085 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 5 Russian Federation 47,954 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 6 Italy 42,368 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 6 Netherlands 28,006 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 7 Canada 40,121 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 7 Poland 22,791 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 8 Spain 33,629 US dollars, PPP converted compare
- 8 Slovenia 2,202 US dollars, PPP converted compare
More reference data data for Türkiye
- Exposure to extreme temperature — Annual temperature change 1.73 Degrees celsius (2023)
- Exposure to extreme precipitation — Annual precipitation change 86.44 Millimetres per year (2023)
- IPAC Dashboard indicators — Geothermal 12,506 Index (2024)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 08 - Sectoral breakdown of 25.31 Percentage of GDP (2022)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 08 - Sectoral breakdown of 29.51 Percentage of GDP (2022)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 08 - Sectoral breakdown of 5.45 Percentage of GDP (2022)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 08 - Sectoral breakdown of 13.74 Percentage of GDP (2022)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 08 - Sectoral breakdown of 24.7 Percentage of GDP (2022)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 20 - External financial 0.0883 Percentage of GDP (2022)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 08 - Sectoral breakdown of 0.6342 Percentage of GDP (2021)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and source in Türkiye?
- Gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and source in Türkiye was 45,563 US dollars, PPP converted in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and source recorded in Türkiye?
- The highest recorded value was 45,563 US dollars, PPP converted in 2024.
- What is the lowest gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and source recorded in Türkiye?
- The lowest recorded value was 1,611 US dollars, PPP converted in 1990.
- How does Türkiye rank for gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and source?
- Türkiye ranks 5th out of 13 countries with data for 2024.
- Is gross domestic expenditure on r&d by sector of performance and source rising or falling in Türkiye?
- Over the last ten years it is up 175.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Türkiye data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and source of funds — Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
This table contains gross research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics broken down by sector of performance (business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit, and total intramural) and by source of funds (business enterprise, government - including public general university funds -, higher education, private non-profit and funds from the rest of the World - including funds from enterprises and other funds from the rest of the World).