Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and source of funds — Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) by country
This table contains gross research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics broken down by sector of performance (business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit, and total intramural) and by source of funds (business enterprise, government - including public general university funds -,...
What the numbers show
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and source of funds — Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) is currently reported for 44 countries. The highest value is 204,376 US dollars, PPP converted in Japan; the lowest is 393.92 US dollars, PPP converted in Costa Rica.
The median across all reporting countries is 9,605 US dollars, PPP converted, and the mean is 45,242 US dollars, PPP converted.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 519.
Over the past decade 40 countries rose and 4 fell. The largest increase was in Türkiye (up 175.8%), and the largest decrease in Costa Rica (down 28.0%).
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector of performance and source: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Japan | 204,376 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 13.2% | rising |
| 2 | United States | 847,935 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 62.7% | rising |
| 2 | Germany | 159,537 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 21.1% | rising |
| 3 | France | 82,108 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 7.9% | rising |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 102,458 US dollars, PPP converted | 2023 | up 100.4% | rising |
| 4 | Taiwan, China | 65,085 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 88.4% | volatile |
| 5 | Russian Federation | 47,954 US dollars, PPP converted | 2020 | up 18.4% | rising |
| 5 | Türkiye | 45,563 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 175.8% | volatile |
| 6 | Italy | 42,368 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 15.4% | rising |
| 6 | Netherlands | 28,006 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 28.9% | rising |
| 7 | Canada | 40,121 US dollars, PPP converted | 2025 | up 32.3% | rising |
| 7 | Poland | 22,791 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 113.4% | volatile |
| 8 | Spain | 33,629 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 49.9% | volatile |
| 8 | Slovenia | 2,202 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 20.7% | rising |
| 9 | Israel | 30,586 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 126.3% | volatile |
| 10 | Australia | 26,905 US dollars, PPP converted | 2023 | up 1.6% | volatile |
| 10 | Croatia | 2,048 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 143.7% | rising |
| 11 | Belgium | 24,739 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 67.7% | rising |
| 11 | Lithuania | 1,371 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 38.6% | volatile |
| 12 | Sweden | 22,720 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 36.1% | rising |
| 12 | Estonia | 1,115 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 69.7% | rising |
| 13 | Switzerland | 22,104 US dollars, PPP converted | 2023 | up 36.1% | rising |
| 13 | Latvia | 615.53 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 54.5% | rising |
| 14 | Austria | 18,558 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 18.1% | volatile |
| 15 | Singapore | 13,603 US dollars, PPP converted | 2023 | up 43.5% | rising |
| 16 | Denmark | 12,265 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 27.0% | rising |
| 17 | Finland | 9,734 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 11.2% | rising |
| 18 | Czechia | 9,476 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 16.1% | rising |
| 19 | Ireland | 8,479 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 95.9% | volatile |
| 20 | Mexico | 8,424 US dollars, PPP converted | 2017 | down 1.7% | rising |
| 21 | Norway | 8,288 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 26.7% | rising |
| 22 | Portugal | 7,636 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 66.3% | volatile |
| 23 | Argentina | 6,914 US dollars, PPP converted | 2023 | down 4.9% | rising |
| 24 | Greece | 5,832 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 109.4% | volatile |
| 25 | South Africa | 5,107 US dollars, PPP converted | 2023 | up 0.3% | rising |
| 26 | Hungary | 5,032 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 27.7% | rising |
| 27 | New Zealand | 3,937 US dollars, PPP converted | 2023 | up 84.5% | volatile |
| 28 | Romania | 3,236 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 65.5% | rising |
| 29 | Colombia | 2,274 US dollars, PPP converted | 2020 | up 91.0% | rising |
| 30 | Chile | 2,189 US dollars, PPP converted | 2022 | up 34.0% | rising |
| 31 | Bulgaria | 1,530 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 29.2% | rising |
| 32 | Luxembourg | 811.42 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | down 2.1% | flat |
| 33 | Iceland | 610.82 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | up 72.5% | volatile |
| 34 | Costa Rica | 393.92 US dollars, PPP converted | 2024 | down 28.0% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- China (People's Republic of) 859,300 US dollars, PPP converted
- Korea 141,654 US dollars, PPP converted
- Slovak Republic 2,094 US dollars, PPP converted
About this data
This table contains gross research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics broken down by sector of performance (business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit, and total intramural) and by source of funds (business enterprise, government - including public general university funds -, higher education, private non-profit and funds from the rest of the World - including funds from enterprises and other funds from the rest of the World).