Rule of Law - Governance estimate (approx. -2.5 to +2.5) by country
Rule of Law (RL) captures perceptions of the extent to which agents respect and follow the rules of society, including contract enforcement, property rights, the police, courts, and the likelihood of crime and violence. Governance estimate from the aggregation model, in units of a standard normal distribution,...
What the numbers show
Rule of Law - Governance estimate (approx. -2.5 to +2.5) is currently reported for 202 countries. The highest value is 2.02 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 in Finland; the lowest is -2.21 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 in Somalia.
The median across all reporting countries is -0.1538 approx. -2.5 to +2.5, and the mean is -0.051 approx. -2.5 to +2.5.
Over the past decade 107 countries rose and 95 fell. The largest increase was in Bermuda (up 2,085.4%), and the largest decrease in Trinidad and Tobago (down 2,018.3%).
Rule of Law - Governance estimate: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Finland | 2.02 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 0.3% | rising |
| 2 | Denmark | 2 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 4.9% | rising |
| 3 | Norway | 1.95 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 0.1% | rising |
| 4 | Switzerland | 1.76 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 6.2% | falling |
| 5 | Luxembourg | 1.76 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 6 | Liechtenstein | 1.73 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 4.5% | rising |
| 7 | Sweden | 1.73 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 8.2% | flat |
| 8 | Netherlands | 1.71 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 6.5% | flat |
| 9 | Austria | 1.68 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 5.5% | falling |
| 10 | New Zealand | 1.67 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 8.0% | falling |
| 11 | Iceland | 1.63 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 0.4% | falling |
| 12 | Germany | 1.63 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 6.4% | flat |
| 13 | Ireland | 1.59 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 3.8% | flat |
| 14 | Greenland | 1.57 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 3.1% | flat |
| 15 | Japan | 1.51 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 3.8% | rising |
| 16 | Estonia | 1.49 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 10.6% | rising |
| 17 | Australia | 1.47 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 15.1% | falling |
| 18 | Canada | 1.46 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 11.1% | falling |
| 19 | Singapore | 1.43 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 7.0% | flat |
| 20 | Lithuania | 1.37 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 85.5% | rising |
| 21 | Monaco | 1.35 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 6.5% | rising |
| 22 | Belgium | 1.28 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 5.7% | rising |
| 23 | United Kingdom | 1.27 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 20.3% | falling |
| 24 | Tuvalu | 1.22 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 31.2% | rising |
| 25 | Aruba | 1.22 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 20.8% | rising |
| 26 | Czechia | 1.19 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 24.1% | rising |
| 27 | Palau | 1.17 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 8.6% | rising |
| 28 | San Marino | 1.16 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 16.3% | rising |
| 29 | South Korea | 1.12 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 4.4% | rising |
| 30 | Latvia | 1.09 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 61.8% | rising |
| 32 | New Caledonia | 1.09 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 9.2% | rising |
| 33 | Portugal | 1.07 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 5.3% | falling |
| 34 | Samoa | 1.05 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 15.3% | rising |
| 35 | Guam | 1.03 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 21.6% | rising |
| 36 | French Polynesia | 1.02 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 13.3% | rising |
| 37 | Slovenia | 0.9787 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 20.8% | falling |
| 38 | France | 0.9787 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 22.5% | falling |
| 39 | Micronesia (country) | 0.9769 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 549.4% | volatile |
| 40 | United States | 0.9618 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 28.3% | falling |
| 41 | Uruguay | 0.9506 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 18.6% | rising |
| 42 | Spain | 0.9318 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 3.2% | falling |
| 43 | Hong Kong | 0.921 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 40.7% | falling |
| 44 | Macao | 0.8521 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 0.5% | rising |
| 45 | Marshall Islands | 0.8357 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 26.3% | rising |
| 46 | Cayman Islands | 0.8301 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 66.1% | falling |
| 47 | Bermuda | 0.8001 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 2,085.4% | falling |
| 48 | Bhutan | 0.7903 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 126.6% | volatile |
| 49 | Kiribati | 0.786 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 142.4% | falling |
| 50 | Barbados | 0.7278 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 31.2% | falling |
| 51 | Malta | 0.7272 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 29.4% | falling |
| 52 | Tonga | 0.6943 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 1,335.0% | volatile |
| 53 | Chile | 0.6911 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 34.7% | falling |
| 54 | Cyprus | 0.6892 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 16.2% | falling |
| 55 | Mauritius | 0.6386 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 33.5% | falling |
| 56 | Italy | 0.6192 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 11.7% | falling |
| 57 | Costa Rica | 0.6167 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 12.9% | rising |
| 58 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.6018 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 8.8% | falling |
| 59 | Israel | 0.5997 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 35.4% | falling |
| 60 | Seychelles | 0.5969 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 325.8% | rising |
| 61 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.5904 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 265.3% | falling |
| 62 | Qatar | 0.5896 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 0.7% | rising |
| 63 | Brunei | 0.5876 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 29.4% | falling |
| 64 | United States Virgin Islands | 0.5793 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 1,537.5% | falling |
| 65 | Poland | 0.5769 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 34.5% | falling |
| 66 | Slovakia | 0.5609 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 154.9% | rising |
| 67 | Puerto Rico | 0.546 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 19.9% | falling |
| 68 | Grenada | 0.5409 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 168.0% | rising |
| 69 | Saint Lucia | 0.5033 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 26.8% | falling |
| 70 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.5018 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 28.5% | falling |
| 71 | United Arab Emirates | 0.4968 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 41.9% | rising |
| 72 | Oman | 0.4494 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 119.7% | falling |
| 73 | Cape Verde | 0.4242 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 36.4% | falling |
| 74 | Vanuatu | 0.4216 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 6.4% | falling |
| 75 | Dominica | 0.3975 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 42.9% | falling |
| 76 | Croatia | 0.3775 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 5.1% | volatile |
| 77 | Romania | 0.3711 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 1.6% | volatile |
| 78 | Malaysia | 0.3451 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 42.6% | flat |
| 79 | Namibia | 0.3279 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 59.7% | falling |
| 80 | Botswana | 0.3121 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 45.8% | falling |
| 81 | Fiji | 0.3058 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 170.9% | volatile |
| 82 | Greece | 0.2983 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 17.3% | falling |
| 83 | Nauru | 0.2518 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 70.8% | volatile |
| 84 | Bahamas | 0.251 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 47.6% | volatile |
| 85 | Kuwait | 0.2308 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 1,364.2% | volatile |
| 86 | Saudi Arabia | 0.2104 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 148.4% | volatile |
| 87 | Hungary | 0.1923 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 45.2% | falling |
| 88 | Montenegro | 0.1814 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 482.9% | volatile |
| 89 | Jordan | 0.1685 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 50.6% | volatile |
| 90 | Bahrain | 0.1679 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 228.1% | volatile |
| 91 | Solomon Islands | 0.1534 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 166.0% | volatile |
| 92 | Georgia | 0.149 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 57.8% | volatile |
| 93 | Rwanda | 0.1003 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 145.8% | volatile |
| 94 | Ghana | 0.054 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 62.4% | volatile |
| 96 | Maldives | 0.0443 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 107.9% | volatile |
| 98 | Bulgaria | -0.0333 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 84.5% | volatile |
| 99 | India | -0.0392 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 76.3% | volatile |
| 100 | Jamaica | -0.0777 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 57.4% | volatile |
| 101 | Mongolia | -0.0998 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 59.5% | volatile |
| 102 | Albania | -0.1185 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 57.1% | volatile |
| 103 | Armenia | -0.1424 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 65.6% | rising |
| 104 | Malawi | -0.1463 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 52.7% | rising |
| 105 | Moldova | -0.1613 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 55.8% | falling |
| 106 | Dominican Republic | -0.1823 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 55.9% | rising |
| 107 | Serbia | -0.2001 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 183.3% | volatile |
| 108 | Senegal | -0.2047 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 50.6% | volatile |
| 109 | Indonesia | -0.2066 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 39.0% | volatile |
| 110 | Suriname | -0.2086 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 60.6% | falling |
| 111 | Thailand | -0.2155 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 45.8% | volatile |
| 112 | North Macedonia | -0.2249 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 17.1% | rising |
| 113 | Argentina | -0.2514 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 65.6% | volatile |
| 114 | Sri Lanka | -0.2577 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 28.5% | volatile |
| 115 | Panama | -0.2634 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 85.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Nepal | -0.3037 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 47.3% | rising |
| 117 | Vietnam | -0.3139 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 36.1% | rising |
| 118 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | -0.3191 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 256.6% | rising |
| 119 | Guyana | -0.3342 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 44.9% | falling |
| 120 | Sao Tome and Principe | -0.3532 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 44.5% | volatile |
| 121 | Tunisia | -0.3645 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 139.4% | volatile |
| 122 | Morocco | -0.3678 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 1.3% | volatile |
| 123 | Trinidad and Tobago | -0.3715 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 2,018.3% | volatile |
| 124 | Kazakhstan | -0.3815 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 36.2% | rising |
| 125 | Gambia | -0.3942 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 55.9% | volatile |
| 126 | Belize | -0.3972 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 37.8% | volatile |
| 127 | Lesotho | -0.4066 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 171.1% | volatile |
| 128 | Benin | -0.4125 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 13.8% | falling |
| 129 | Brazil | -0.4462 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 214.3% | falling |
| 130 | Kenya | -0.4645 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 15.7% | rising |
| 131 | Azerbaijan | -0.4854 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 25.1% | rising |
| 132 | Peru | -0.5058 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 8.7% | rising |
| 133 | Tanzania | -0.5194 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 11.8% | falling |
| 134 | Colombia | -0.5597 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 36.0% | rising |
| 135 | Zambia | -0.5612 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 33.2% | falling |
| 136 | Papua New Guinea | -0.5713 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 2.1% | falling |
| 137 | Philippines | -0.574 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 59.0% | falling |
| 138 | Cote d'Ivoire | -0.5781 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 12.4% | rising |
| 139 | China | -0.5793 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 16.1% | rising |
| 140 | Paraguay | -0.5836 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 2.3% | rising |
| 141 | Cuba | -0.6236 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 26.2% | rising |
| 142 | East Timor | -0.6257 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 40.5% | falling |
| 143 | Togo | -0.6329 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 30.2% | rising |
| 144 | Uzbekistan | -0.6562 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 39.5% | rising |
| 145 | Algeria | -0.6968 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 16.7% | rising |
| 146 | El Salvador | -0.7134 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 17.0% | falling |
| 147 | Ukraine | -0.7202 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 0.7% | rising |
| 148 | Uganda | -0.7385 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 26.6% | falling |
| 149 | Laos | -0.7424 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 4.8% | rising |
| 150 | Egypt | -0.7515 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 10.5% | volatile |
| 151 | Sierra Leone | -0.8386 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 6.2% | rising |
| 152 | Turkey | -0.8434 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 133.6% | volatile |
| 153 | Eswatini | -0.8599 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 47.9% | falling |
| 154 | Mauritania | -0.8635 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 12.7% | falling |
| 155 | Liberia | -0.868 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 12.2% | rising |
| 156 | Madagascar | -0.8827 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 3.5% | falling |
| 157 | Burkina Faso | -0.8839 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 60.7% | flat |
| 158 | Kyrgyzstan | -0.9361 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 14.3% | flat |
| 159 | Niger | -0.9457 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 37.0% | rising |
| 160 | Bangladesh | -0.9601 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 12.7% | rising |
| 161 | Guatemala | -0.9623 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 162 | Ecuador | -0.965 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 4.9% | falling |
| 163 | Palestine | -0.9894 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 30.4% | falling |
| 164 | Nigeria | -1.01 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 11.0% | rising |
| 165 | Djibouti | -1.01 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 1.4% | falling |
| 166 | Pakistan | -1.02 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 4.8% | falling |
| 167 | Ethiopia | -1.05 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 39.2% | flat |
| 168 | Cambodia | -1.06 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 11.6% | rising |
| 169 | Lebanon | -1.09 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 56.2% | falling |
| 170 | Mali | -1.09 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 55.5% | volatile |
| 171 | Comoros | -1.13 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 39.6% | rising |
| 172 | Guinea | -1.15 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 23.9% | rising |
| 173 | Mexico | -1.15 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 97.9% | falling |
| 174 | Gabon | -1.16 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 87.6% | falling |
| 175 | Russia | -1.16 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 35.6% | falling |
| 176 | Angola | -1.17 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 10.4% | rising |
| 177 | Honduras | -1.18 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 0.2% | falling |
| 178 | Congo | -1.18 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 4.6% | flat |
| 179 | Tajikistan | -1.18 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 3.8% | rising |
| 180 | Mozambique | -1.19 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 32.1% | falling |
| 181 | Zimbabwe | -1.21 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 26.6% | rising |
| 182 | Belarus | -1.23 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 64.7% | falling |
| 183 | Iran | -1.23 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 1.6% | falling |
| 184 | Guinea-Bissau | -1.23 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 12.4% | rising |
| 185 | Cameroon | -1.25 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 18.7% | flat |
| 186 | Bolivia | -1.27 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 11.3% | falling |
| 187 | Burundi | -1.3 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 18.0% | falling |
| 188 | Iraq | -1.36 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 6.7% | rising |
| 189 | Turkmenistan | -1.41 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 2.8% | falling |
| 190 | Chad | -1.44 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 5.2% | falling |
| 191 | North Korea | -1.53 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 12.9% | falling |
| 192 | Equatorial Guinea | -1.54 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 3.8% | falling |
| 193 | Haiti | -1.6 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 28.5% | rising |
| 194 | Nicaragua | -1.62 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 78.9% | falling |
| 195 | Democratic Republic of Congo | -1.63 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 4.9% | rising |
| 196 | Libya | -1.7 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 6.4% | falling |
| 198 | Sudan | -1.77 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 23.4% | rising |
| 199 | Eritrea | -1.8 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 7.5% | falling |
| 200 | Myanmar | -1.81 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 44.7% | rising |
| 201 | Syria | -1.81 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 8.9% | falling |
| 202 | Yemen | -1.9 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 36.5% | falling |
| 203 | Afghanistan | -1.94 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 18.2% | rising |
| 204 | South Sudan | -1.97 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 17.5% | falling |
| 205 | Venezuela | -2.2 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | down 5.4% | falling |
| 206 | Somalia | -2.21 approx. -2.5 to +2.5 | 2024 | up 1.0% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- American Samoa 1.09 approx. -2.5 to +2.5
- Kosovo 0.0521 approx. -2.5 to +2.5
- South Africa 0.0177 approx. -2.5 to +2.5
- Central African Republic -1.71 approx. -2.5 to +2.5
About this data
Rule of Law (RL) captures perceptions of the extent to which agents respect and follow the rules of society, including contract enforcement, property rights, the police, courts, and the likelihood of crime and violence. Governance estimate from the aggregation model, in units of a standard normal distribution, i.e. ranging from approximately -2.5 to 2.5. Larger values correspond to better governance. The (country-series-time) metadata include the (a) number of sources, and (b) standard error. The number of sources indicates the number of underlying data sources on which the governance estimate is based. The standard error indicates the precision of the governance estimate. Larger values indicate less precise estimates. A 90% confidence interval for the governance estimate is given by the estimate +/- 1.64 times the standard error.