Proportion of population facing impoverishing out-of-pocket health expenditure, based on the societal poverty line (%) by country
Proportion of population spending more than 100% of household discretionary budget on out-of-pocket health expenditure (%). This includes people living in poverty that are further impoverished due to out-of-pocket health expenditure as well as people who are pushed into poverty by out-of-pocket health expenditure....
What the numbers show
Proportion of population facing impoverishing out-of-pocket health expenditure, based on the societal poverty line (%) is currently reported for 78 countries. The highest value is 42.2% in Nigeria; the lowest is 3.6% in Andorra.
The median across all reporting countries is 11.6%, and the mean is 15.8%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 12.
Over the past decade 28 countries rose and 49 fell. The largest increase was in El Salvador (up 164.9%), and the largest decrease in Colombia (down 61.0%).
Proportion of population facing impoverishing out-of-pocket health: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nigeria | 42.2% | 2022 | up 11.6% | rising |
| 2 | Malawi | 42.0% | 2019 | up 11.4% | falling |
| 3 | Mali | 36.9% | 2022 | down 22.0% | falling |
| 4 | Niger | 35.7% | 2021 | down 30.3% | falling |
| 5 | Burkina Faso | 33.6% | 2021 | down 37.3% | rising |
| 6 | Cameroon | 32.5% | 2022 | down 11.3% | falling |
| 7 | Uganda | 31.4% | 2019 | down 19.6% | falling |
| 8 | Benin | 28.9% | 2021 | down 43.0% | falling |
| 9 | Philippines | 28.6% | 2023 | down 16.4% | falling |
| 10 | Pakistan | 28.5% | 2018 | down 22.1% | falling |
| 11 | Bangladesh | 27.6% | 2022 | up 21.1% | flat |
| 12 | Senegal | 26.7% | 2021 | down 36.5% | falling |
| 13 | Togo | 26.2% | 2021 | down 33.8% | falling |
| 14 | Tajikistan | 25.6% | 2019 | up 43.7% | rising |
| 15 | Indonesia | 25.2% | 2023 | down 16.3% | falling |
| 16 | Nicaragua | 24.2% | 2014 | down 19.8% | rising |
| 17 | Côte d'Ivoire | 24.2% | 2021 | down 9.9% | rising |
| 18 | Peru | 23.4% | 2022 | up 14.2% | falling |
| 19 | Ethiopia | 23.2% | 2021 | down 25.6% | falling |
| 20 | India | 22.3% | 2022 | down 36.0% | falling |
| 21 | Mongolia | 21.9% | 2023 | up 47.1% | rising |
| 22 | Egypt | 21.1% | 2019 | up 3.0% | flat |
| 23 | South Africa | 20.6% | 2014 | down 33.7% | falling |
| 24 | Ghana | 20.5% | 2016 | down 49.6% | falling |
| 25 | Paraguay | 20.1% | 2023 | up 8.9% | falling |
| 26 | Viet Nam | 19.5% | 2020 | down 24.6% | falling |
| 27 | Jamaica | 19.3% | 2021 | down 1.4% | rising |
| 28 | Palestine, State of | 18.8% | 2023 | up 51.0% | rising |
| 29 | Nepal | 18.5% | 2022 | down 27.0% | falling |
| 30 | Tunisia | 18.3% | 2021 | up 1.8% | falling |
| 31 | Georgia | 18.0% | 2024 | down 20.7% | flat |
| 32 | Cambodia | 14.1% | 2023 | up 12.7% | falling |
| 33 | Zambia | 14.0% | 2015 | down 45.1% | falling |
| 34 | Mexico | 13.6% | 2022 | up 24.9% | falling |
| 35 | Greece | 13.3% | 2023 | up 62.8% | flat |
| 36 | Luxembourg | 12.6% | 2023 | down 8.4% | rising |
| 37 | Hungary | 12.3% | 2007 | up 104.0% | rising |
| 38 | Russian Federation | 12.2% | 2014 | down 39.9% | falling |
| 39 | Israel | 11.7% | 2021 | down 23.4% | falling |
| 40 | Portugal | 11.5% | 2022 | up 2.6% | rising |
| 41 | Chile | 11.4% | 2021 | up 0.4% | falling |
| 42 | Türkiye | 11.3% | 2016 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 43 | Iran | 11.3% | 2022 | down 4.2% | falling |
| 44 | Armenia | 11.0% | 2020 | down 16.6% | rising |
| 45 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 11.0% | 2021 | down 29.1% | rising |
| 46 | Albania | 10.9% | 2017 | down 11.1% | falling |
| 47 | Thailand | 10.7% | 2017 | down 32.9% | falling |
| 48 | Latvia | 10.2% | 2019 | up 36.4% | falling |
| 49 | Ukraine | 10.2% | 2019 | down 1.8% | falling |
| 50 | Kosovo | 9.9% | 2016 | down 19.8% | falling |
| 50 | Kosovo (UNSCR 1244) | 9.9% | 2016 | down 19.8% | falling |
| 52 | Romania | 9.8% | 2016 | up 35.6% | rising |
| 53 | Sri Lanka | 9.5% | 2019 | down 33.7% | falling |
| 54 | Spain | 9.2% | 2023 | up 13.9% | rising |
| 55 | El Salvador | 8.8% | 2019 | up 164.9% | rising |
| 56 | Bulgaria | 8.7% | 2023 | down 26.0% | falling |
| 57 | Poland | 8.6% | 2019 | down 22.9% | falling |
| 58 | Bhutan | 8.6% | 2022 | up 141.3% | rising |
| 59 | Serbia | 8.5% | 2022 | up 2.4% | flat |
| 60 | Slovakia | 8.1% | 2022 | up 39.6% | falling |
| 61 | Montenegro | 8.0% | 2015 | down 18.4% | flat |
| 62 | Mauritius | 7.9% | 2023 | down 8.9% | flat |
| 63 | Belarus | 7.8% | 2020 | down 37.8% | falling |
| 64 | Kyrgyzstan | 7.3% | 2022 | up 26.1% | falling |
| 65 | Switzerland | 7.3% | 2017 | down 3.4% | flat |
| 66 | Czechia | 7.2% | 2023 | up 28.6% | rising |
| 67 | North Macedonia | 7.1% | 2024 | down 16.8% | falling |
| 68 | Kazakhstan | 7.0% | 2018 | down 36.6% | falling |
| 69 | Croatia | 6.9% | 2010 | down 18.8% | rising |
| 70 | Colombia | 6.3% | 2021 | down 61.0% | falling |
| 71 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 6.2% | 2021 | up 14.3% | rising |
| 72 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 6.2% | 2022 | down 27.9% | falling |
| 73 | Estonia | 5.8% | 2011 | down 26.6% | falling |
| 74 | United States | 5.3% | 2023 | down 22.7% | falling |
| 75 | Republic of Moldova | 5.3% | 2023 | down 46.1% | falling |
| 76 | Slovenia | 4.3% | 2022 | up 30.3% | falling |
| 77 | Lithuania | 4.1% | 2021 | down 46.3% | falling |
| 78 | Andorra | 3.6% | 2023 | — | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Low income 33.0%
- Sub-Saharan Africa 32.1%
- Lower middle income 24.2%
- South Asia 22.6%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 21.9%
- World 20.4%
- East Asia & Pacific 20.2%
- Upper middle income 19.1%
- Latin America & Caribbean 16.2%
- Europe & Central Asia 9.6%
- High income 6.8%
- North America 5.7%
About this data
Proportion of population spending more than 100% of household discretionary budget on out-of-pocket health expenditure (%). This includes people living in poverty that are further impoverished due to out-of-pocket health expenditure as well as people who are pushed into poverty by out-of-pocket health expenditure. The discretionary budget is defined as the total household budget, measured by consumption expenditure or income, minus the societal poverty line (SPL ). Using 2017 purchasing power parities (PPPs), the SPL corresponds to whichever is greater: $2.15 (the international poverty line) or $1.15 + 50% of median household consumption expenditure or income, excluding out-of-pocket household expenditure on health. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).