Human capital (real chained 2019 US$) by country
Human capital is computed as the present value of future earnings for the working population over their lifetimes. Values are measured at market exchange rates in constant 2018 US dollars, using a country-specific GDP deflator.
Countries reporting
150
Highest
166.87 trillion real chained 2019 US$
United States
Lowest
3.27 billion real chained 2019 US$
Sao Tome and Principe
Median
314.37 billion real chained 2019 US$
Years covered
26
1995–2020
Data points
3,885
What the numbers show
Human capital (real chained 2019 US$) is currently reported for 150 countries. The highest value is 166.87 trillion real chained 2019 US$ in United States; the lowest is 3.27 billion real chained 2019 US$ in Sao Tome and Principe.
The median across all reporting countries is 314.37 billion real chained 2019 US$, and the mean is 3.58 trillion real chained 2019 US$.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 51,026.
Over the past decade 146 countries rose and 4 fell. The largest increase was in Maldives (up 211.4%), and the largest decrease in Armenia (down 10.7%).
Human capital: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 166.87 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 18.5% | rising |
| 2 | China | 71.73 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 11.7% | rising |
| 3 | Germany | 30.01 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 12.0% | rising |
| 4 | Japan | 29.18 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 7.4% | rising |
| 5 | France | 20.87 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 9.9% | rising |
| 6 | United Kingdom | 20.07 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 15.1% | rising |
| 7 | Brazil | 13.63 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 33.9% | rising |
| 8 | India | 13.41 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 17.2% | rising |
| 9 | Canada | 13.36 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 17.3% | rising |
| 10 | Australia | 10.46 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 22.3% | rising |
| 11 | Italy | 9.93 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 11.0% | rising |
| 12 | South Korea | 9.04 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 27.4% | rising |
| 13 | Russia | 8.27 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 5.3% | rising |
| 14 | Spain | 7.97 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 16.3% | rising |
| 15 | Netherlands | 7.55 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 14.0% | rising |
| 16 | Switzerland | 6.35 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 15.7% | rising |
| 17 | Mexico | 5.64 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 31.3% | rising |
| 18 | Indonesia | 4.35 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 12.3% | rising |
| 19 | Sweden | 3.82 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 18.9% | rising |
| 20 | Thailand | 3.65 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 10.1% | rising |
| 21 | Belgium | 3.41 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 16.2% | rising |
| 22 | Turkey | 3.30 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 61.3% | rising |
| 23 | Poland | 3.23 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 21.7% | rising |
| 24 | Israel | 2.91 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 40.8% | rising |
| 25 | Denmark | 2.83 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 12.9% | rising |
| 26 | Norway | 2.69 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 8.8% | rising |
| 27 | Argentina | 2.57 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 18.8% | rising |
| 28 | Austria | 2.56 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 13.5% | rising |
| 29 | Singapore | 2.46 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 76.7% | rising |
| 30 | Colombia | 2.40 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 36.8% | rising |
| 31 | Saudi Arabia | 2.26 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 20.8% | rising |
| 32 | United Arab Emirates | 2.19 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 15.3% | volatile |
| 33 | Malaysia | 2.09 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 43.4% | rising |
| 34 | South Africa | 2.04 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 45.0% | rising |
| 35 | Chile | 2.04 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 29.9% | rising |
| 36 | Philippines | 2.02 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 13.1% | rising |
| 37 | Vietnam | 1.86 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 33.0% | rising |
| 38 | Ireland | 1.85 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 31.2% | rising |
| 39 | Pakistan | 1.62 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 12.2% | rising |
| 40 | Bangladesh | 1.56 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 52.9% | rising |
| 41 | New Zealand | 1.56 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 40.3% | rising |
| 42 | Czechia | 1.49 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 12.6% | rising |
| 43 | Peru | 1.49 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 28.7% | rising |
| 44 | Finland | 1.47 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 45 | Nigeria | 1.40 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 43.7% | rising |
| 46 | Portugal | 1.38 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 13.9% | rising |
| 47 | Romania | 1.15 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 13.4% | falling |
| 48 | Iran | 1.03 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 61.4% | rising |
| 49 | Egypt | 1.01 trillion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 15.7% | rising |
| 50 | Ethiopia | 995.28 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 60.0% | rising |
| 51 | Ecuador | 953.78 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 44.7% | rising |
| 52 | Greece | 920.03 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | down 4.5% | flat |
| 53 | Kenya | 907.10 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 42.7% | rising |
| 54 | Hungary | 874.88 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 30.1% | rising |
| 55 | Qatar | 781.18 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 129.3% | volatile |
| 56 | Ukraine | 652.62 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | down 4.0% | flat |
| 57 | Slovakia | 589.60 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 23.7% | rising |
| 58 | Costa Rica | 532.02 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 41.2% | rising |
| 59 | Dominican Republic | 499.44 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 55.1% | rising |
| 60 | Iraq | 496.22 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 58.9% | rising |
| 61 | Ghana | 485.43 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 52.2% | rising |
| 62 | Morocco | 466.92 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 11.7% | rising |
| 63 | Guatemala | 445.01 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 48.5% | rising |
| 64 | Angola | 430.29 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 50.6% | rising |
| 65 | Cote d'Ivoire | 425.35 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 43.1% | rising |
| 66 | Uruguay | 408.14 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 11.1% | rising |
| 67 | Luxembourg | 407.84 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 52.8% | rising |
| 68 | Kuwait | 400.94 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 70.2% | rising |
| 69 | Slovenia | 388.06 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 22.2% | rising |
| 70 | Oman | 356.55 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 143.8% | volatile |
| 71 | Kazakhstan | 354.11 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 72 | Tanzania | 345.71 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 48.1% | rising |
| 73 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 341.35 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 40.6% | rising |
| 74 | Belarus | 332.42 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 75 | Panama | 318.27 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 27.6% | rising |
| 76 | Uganda | 310.46 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 84.9% | rising |
| 77 | Croatia | 305.01 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 15.3% | rising |
| 78 | Cameroon | 298.81 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 29.6% | rising |
| 79 | Lithuania | 293.19 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 18.0% | flat |
| 80 | Sri Lanka | 282.57 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 8.2% | rising |
| 81 | Bolivia | 279.33 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 33.5% | rising |
| 82 | Bulgaria | 258.52 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 19.6% | rising |
| 83 | Paraguay | 250.49 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 47.4% | rising |
| 84 | Iceland | 215.10 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 37.5% | rising |
| 85 | Estonia | 186.48 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 30.5% | rising |
| 86 | Lebanon | 182.53 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 27.1% | rising |
| 87 | Latvia | 181.87 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 14.4% | flat |
| 88 | Tunisia | 178.80 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 32.5% | rising |
| 89 | Honduras | 175.64 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 75.0% | rising |
| 90 | Zambia | 171.62 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 81.8% | rising |
| 91 | Sudan | 169.94 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 33.7% | rising |
| 92 | Zimbabwe | 166.78 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 42.9% | rising |
| 93 | Serbia | 154.29 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 39.0% | rising |
| 94 | Jordan | 145.80 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 68.0% | rising |
| 95 | Nepal | 141.84 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 32.5% | rising |
| 96 | El Salvador | 141.37 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 27.3% | rising |
| 97 | Benin | 130.31 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 46.8% | rising |
| 98 | Bahrain | 129.95 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 33.6% | rising |
| 99 | Mali | 129.92 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 50.5% | rising |
| 100 | Senegal | 122.91 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 19.2% | rising |
| 101 | Cambodia | 121.74 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 54.7% | rising |
| 102 | Malta | 110.53 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 70.5% | rising |
| 103 | Madagascar | 103.77 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 45.5% | rising |
| 104 | Trinidad and Tobago | 101.04 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 7.9% | rising |
| 105 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 94.80 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 22.9% | rising |
| 106 | Togo | 94.75 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 25.7% | rising |
| 107 | Jamaica | 90.11 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 32.0% | rising |
| 108 | Congo | 86.71 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 25.8% | rising |
| 109 | Namibia | 83.33 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 32.7% | rising |
| 110 | Rwanda | 82.57 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 61.3% | rising |
| 111 | Mozambique | 79.76 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 43.2% | rising |
| 112 | Malawi | 79.13 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 46.6% | rising |
| 113 | Nicaragua | 74.86 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 51.0% | rising |
| 114 | Botswana | 70.48 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 42.7% | rising |
| 115 | Papua New Guinea | 70.33 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 45.3% | rising |
| 116 | Azerbaijan | 70.09 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 30.8% | rising |
| 117 | Haiti | 69.32 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 32.9% | rising |
| 118 | Armenia | 61.26 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | down 10.7% | falling |
| 119 | Burkina Faso | 59.37 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 38.7% | rising |
| 120 | Mauritius | 57.87 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 17.4% | rising |
| 121 | Niger | 55.99 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 41.7% | rising |
| 122 | Chad | 55.35 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 45.6% | rising |
| 123 | Georgia | 51.61 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 10.5% | falling |
| 124 | Albania | 50.45 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 24.1% | rising |
| 125 | Laos | 49.43 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 24.9% | rising |
| 126 | North Macedonia | 46.83 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 34.7% | rising |
| 127 | Guinea | 44.92 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 36.3% | rising |
| 128 | Mongolia | 41.77 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 36.5% | rising |
| 129 | Maldives | 40.19 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 211.4% | volatile |
| 130 | Gabon | 35.18 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 61.4% | rising |
| 131 | Mauritania | 33.45 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 31.6% | rising |
| 132 | Sierra Leone | 33.17 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 32.3% | rising |
| 133 | Tajikistan | 32.30 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 19.5% | rising |
| 134 | Eswatini | 28.22 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 50.6% | rising |
| 135 | Burundi | 27.43 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 36.8% | rising |
| 136 | Kyrgyzstan | 26.12 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 8.6% | rising |
| 137 | Guyana | 23.36 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 2.9% | rising |
| 138 | Liberia | 16.56 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 37.3% | rising |
| 139 | Montenegro | 16.15 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 33.7% | rising |
| 140 | Lesotho | 14.49 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | down 9.2% | falling |
| 141 | Moldova | 12.50 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 0.7% | falling |
| 142 | Suriname | 11.40 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 35.3% | rising |
| 143 | Saint Lucia | 11.03 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 33.6% | rising |
| 144 | Guinea-Bissau | 9.95 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 47.9% | rising |
| 145 | Belize | 8.85 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 61.3% | rising |
| 146 | Solomon Islands | 7.97 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 45.9% | rising |
| 147 | Gambia | 7.53 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 102.3% | rising |
| 148 | Comoros | 6.97 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 47.1% | rising |
| 149 | Central African Republic | 3.74 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 15.1% | rising |
| 150 | Sao Tome and Principe | 3.27 billion real chained 2019 US$ | 2020 | up 35.3% | rising |
About this data
Human capital is computed as the present value of future earnings for the working population over their lifetimes. Values are measured at market exchange rates in constant 2018 US dollars, using a country-specific GDP deflator.