Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals, per unit of GDP by country
Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
195
Highest
0 units per US$ of GDP
Iran
Lowest
0 units per US$ of GDP
Equatorial Guinea
Median
0 units per US$ of GDP
Years covered
28
1996–2023
Data points
5,413
What the numbers show
Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals, per unit of GDP is currently reported for 195 countries. The highest value is 0 units per US$ of GDP in Iran; the lowest is 0 units per US$ of GDP in Equatorial Guinea.
The median across all reporting countries is 0 units per US$ of GDP, and the mean is 0 units per US$ of GDP.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 439.
Over the past decade 136 countries rose and 58 fell. The largest increase was in Iraq (up 1,764.1%), and the largest decrease in Nauru (down 77.7%).
Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals, per: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iran | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 94.2% | volatile |
| 2 | Tunisia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 32.8% | rising |
| 3 | Lebanon | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 348.6% | volatile |
| 4 | Jordan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 171.7% | rising |
| 5 | Ukraine | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 127.5% | volatile |
| 6 | Morocco | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 282.9% | volatile |
| 7 | India | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 50.9% | rising |
| 8 | Croatia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 6.4% | rising |
| 9 | Serbia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 37.4% | volatile |
| 10 | Portugal | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 11 | Iraq | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 1,764.1% | volatile |
| 12 | Pakistan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 129.5% | volatile |
| 13 | Malaysia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 34.8% | volatile |
| 14 | Egypt | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 98.9% | rising |
| 15 | Greece | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 14.1% | rising |
| 16 | Slovenia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 29.0% | flat |
| 17 | China | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 41.5% | falling |
| 18 | Cyprus | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 26.2% | volatile |
| 19 | Ethiopia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 214.6% | rising |
| 20 | Bulgaria | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 3.4% | falling |
| 21 | Palestine | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 177.9% | rising |
| 22 | Turkey | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 45.3% | rising |
| 23 | Uzbekistan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 931.0% | volatile |
| 24 | Estonia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 24.6% | falling |
| 25 | Russia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 151.1% | volatile |
| 26 | Ghana | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 349.6% | rising |
| 27 | Latvia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 28 | Slovakia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 6.8% | falling |
| 29 | Fiji | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 99.3% | rising |
| 30 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 47.7% | rising |
| 31 | South Africa | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 64.5% | rising |
| 32 | South Korea | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 1.7% | rising |
| 33 | Czechia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 38.3% | falling |
| 34 | Hungary | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 14.5% | falling |
| 35 | Nepal | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 109.6% | rising |
| 36 | Denmark | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 3.7% | rising |
| 37 | Poland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 31.2% | falling |
| 38 | Finland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 4.1% | falling |
| 39 | Spain | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 4.7% | rising |
| 40 | Sweden | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 7.9% | falling |
| 41 | Italy | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 16.2% | rising |
| 42 | Bhutan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 134.5% | volatile |
| 43 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 126.8% | volatile |
| 44 | Gambia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 0.2% | falling |
| 45 | Montenegro | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 21.3% | volatile |
| 46 | Lithuania | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 28.8% | falling |
| 47 | Brunei | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 559.4% | volatile |
| 48 | Armenia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 28.6% | volatile |
| 49 | Thailand | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 84.3% | rising |
| 50 | Grenada | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 21.2% | volatile |
| 51 | Cameroon | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 132.2% | rising |
| 52 | New Zealand | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 22.2% | falling |
| 53 | Australia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 1.1% | falling |
| 54 | North Macedonia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 25.2% | rising |
| 55 | Algeria | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 114.4% | volatile |
| 56 | Romania | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 39.2% | falling |
| 57 | Rwanda | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 279.9% | volatile |
| 58 | Ecuador | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 1,020.6% | volatile |
| 59 | Uganda | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 81.0% | rising |
| 60 | Canada | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 9.8% | falling |
| 61 | United Kingdom | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 19.1% | falling |
| 62 | Indonesia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 878.4% | volatile |
| 63 | Netherlands | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 20.0% | falling |
| 64 | Lesotho | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 345.3% | volatile |
| 65 | Malawi | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 68.0% | rising |
| 66 | Sri Lanka | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 194.0% | rising |
| 67 | Norway | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 43.3% | falling |
| 68 | Israel | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 28.7% | falling |
| 69 | Austria | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 6.3% | flat |
| 70 | Brazil | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 43.0% | rising |
| 71 | Burkina Faso | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 118.9% | flat |
| 72 | Belgium | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 17.4% | falling |
| 73 | Chile | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 44.7% | rising |
| 74 | Colombia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 121.1% | volatile |
| 75 | Syria | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 254.3% | volatile |
| 76 | Switzerland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 17.2% | falling |
| 77 | Vietnam | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 181.4% | volatile |
| 78 | Germany | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 13.0% | falling |
| 79 | Singapore | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 35.0% | falling |
| 80 | Iceland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 37.0% | rising |
| 81 | Benin | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 57.0% | rising |
| 82 | Japan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 8.5% | flat |
| 83 | Malta | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 17.9% | rising |
| 84 | Kyrgyzstan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 184.5% | flat |
| 85 | Azerbaijan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 237.3% | volatile |
| 86 | Georgia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 19.4% | falling |
| 87 | Samoa | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 277.4% | volatile |
| 88 | France | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 19.8% | falling |
| 89 | Saudi Arabia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 123.6% | rising |
| 90 | Nigeria | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 244.6% | rising |
| 91 | Moldova | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 6.3% | volatile |
| 92 | Botswana | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 71.1% | flat |
| 93 | Belarus | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 36.5% | volatile |
| 94 | Peru | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 502.2% | volatile |
| 95 | Kenya | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 43.2% | falling |
| 96 | Bangladesh | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 62.5% | rising |
| 97 | Namibia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 170.3% | volatile |
| 98 | Tanzania | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 112.5% | rising |
| 99 | Palau | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 4.5% | volatile |
| 100 | Senegal | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 11.2% | falling |
| 101 | Bahrain | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 126.8% | rising |
| 102 | United States | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 38.8% | falling |
| 103 | Oman | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 113.3% | rising |
| 104 | Ireland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 46.7% | falling |
| 105 | Mauritius | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 52.0% | rising |
| 106 | Kazakhstan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 474.9% | volatile |
| 107 | Zimbabwe | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 33.9% | falling |
| 108 | Togo | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 51.0% | rising |
| 109 | Somalia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 1,012.1% | volatile |
| 110 | Mongolia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 5.0% | falling |
| 111 | Albania | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 18.3% | rising |
| 112 | United Arab Emirates | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 219.5% | volatile |
| 113 | Sierra Leone | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 592.3% | volatile |
| 114 | Uruguay | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 42.6% | rising |
| 115 | Zambia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 214.5% | falling |
| 116 | Luxembourg | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 13.8% | volatile |
| 117 | Argentina | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 5.2% | falling |
| 118 | Cuba | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2020 | down 36.0% | falling |
| 119 | Tajikistan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 96.2% | volatile |
| 120 | Sudan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 62.3% | volatile |
| 121 | Qatar | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 189.2% | volatile |
| 122 | Greenland | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 1.8% | rising |
| 123 | Philippines | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 228.4% | rising |
| 124 | Burundi | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 89.6% | volatile |
| 125 | Mexico | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 126 | Central African Republic | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 35.4% | flat |
| 127 | Libya | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 286.9% | volatile |
| 128 | Vanuatu | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 9.9% | volatile |
| 129 | East Timor | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 120.9% | volatile |
| 130 | San Marino | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 136.6% | volatile |
| 131 | Solomon Islands | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 216.0% | falling |
| 132 | Afghanistan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 626.2% | volatile |
| 133 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 75.4% | falling |
| 134 | Mozambique | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 143.8% | rising |
| 135 | Madagascar | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 5.5% | flat |
| 136 | Micronesia (country) | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 45.3% | volatile |
| 137 | Kuwait | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 71.4% | falling |
| 138 | Tuvalu | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 2.3% | volatile |
| 139 | Tonga | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 127.4% | volatile |
| 140 | Barbados | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 8.6% | falling |
| 141 | Suriname | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 153.9% | volatile |
| 142 | Costa Rica | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 43.9% | falling |
| 143 | Jamaica | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 45.7% | falling |
| 144 | Kiribati | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 41.0% | volatile |
| 145 | Cape Verde | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 95.5% | volatile |
| 146 | Liberia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 559.7% | volatile |
| 147 | Seychelles | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 40.0% | rising |
| 148 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 1,038.5% | volatile |
| 149 | Eswatini | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 57.0% | rising |
| 150 | Guinea-Bissau | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 39.5% | rising |
| 151 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 218.6% | volatile |
| 152 | Yemen | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2018 | up 193.8% | rising |
| 153 | Congo | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 129.2% | falling |
| 154 | Liechtenstein | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 26.2% | rising |
| 155 | Belize | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 65.7% | rising |
| 156 | Paraguay | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 306.9% | volatile |
| 157 | Eritrea | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2011 | down 36.7% | volatile |
| 158 | Dominica | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 74.7% | volatile |
| 159 | Comoros | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 475.4% | volatile |
| 160 | Niger | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 74.9% | falling |
| 161 | Puerto Rico | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 9.2% | falling |
| 162 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 36.5% | falling |
| 163 | Maldives | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 124.4% | volatile |
| 164 | Cambodia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 10.2% | rising |
| 165 | Mali | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 20.7% | falling |
| 166 | Gabon | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 57.1% | falling |
| 167 | Venezuela | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 4.3% | falling |
| 168 | Laos | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 23.5% | falling |
| 169 | Djibouti | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 42.1% | volatile |
| 170 | Mauritania | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 116.0% | falling |
| 171 | Honduras | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 259.0% | volatile |
| 172 | Bolivia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 31.0% | falling |
| 173 | Monaco | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 35.3% | falling |
| 174 | Myanmar | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 511.3% | volatile |
| 175 | Marshall Islands | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 51.2% | volatile |
| 176 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 90.0% | rising |
| 177 | Panama | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 5.2% | falling |
| 178 | Guyana | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 4.1% | volatile |
| 179 | Andorra | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 77.5% | volatile |
| 180 | Chad | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 903.3% | volatile |
| 181 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 12.8% | volatile |
| 182 | Guinea | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 95.3% | rising |
| 183 | Nicaragua | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 9.1% | falling |
| 184 | Papua New Guinea | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 9.6% | volatile |
| 185 | Haiti | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 2.5% | rising |
| 186 | El Salvador | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 176.6% | rising |
| 187 | Guatemala | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 22.5% | falling |
| 188 | Saint Lucia | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 53.3% | falling |
| 189 | Bahamas | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 45.6% | volatile |
| 190 | Dominican Republic | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 40.2% | rising |
| 191 | Nauru | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 77.7% | volatile |
| 192 | Turkmenistan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 437.6% | volatile |
| 193 | Angola | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 203.1% | volatile |
| 194 | South Sudan | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2015 | — | volatile |
| 195 | Equatorial Guinea | 0 units per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 181.3% | volatile |
How this figure is calculated
Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals ÷ GDP (current US$)
Computed from
- Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators, via World Bank (2026) – processed by Our World in Data
- GDP Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.