Total Reserves in Upper middle income
Upper middle income: Total Reserves was 5.80 million in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Total Reserves in Upper middle income, 1990–2025
Source: World Bank staff calculations based on Datastream data.
Analysis
In 2025, total reserves in Upper middle income stood at 5.80 million. That is the highest value across all 36 years on record.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 7.7% on the previous year and up 15.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, total reserves in Upper middle income peaked at 5.80 million in 2025 and was at its lowest, 110,039, in 1990.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Total Reserves in Upper middle income, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 110,039 | — |
| 1991 | 145,322 | +32.1% |
| 1992 | 150,805 | +3.8% |
| 1993 | 186,271 | +23.5% |
| 1994 | 247,493 | +32.9% |
| 1995 | 307,560 | +24.3% |
| 1996 | 377,995 | +22.9% |
| 1997 | 403,545 | +6.8% |
| 1998 | 418,414 | +3.7% |
| 1999 | 443,172 | +5.9% |
| 2000 | 454,837 | +2.6% |
| 2001 | 525,220 | +15.5% |
| 2002 | 644,444 | +22.7% |
| 2003 | 837,758 | +30.0% |
| 2004 | 1.13 million | +34.7% |
| 2005 | 1.42 million | +26.1% |
| 2006 | 1.84 million | +29.4% |
| 2007 | 2.61 million | +41.8% |
| 2008 | 3.13 million | +20.0% |
| 2009 | 3.73 million | +19.0% |
| 2010 | 4.41 million | +18.1% |
| 2011 | 4.95 million | +12.4% |
| 2012 | 5.23 million | +5.6% |
| 2013 | 5.74 million | +9.7% |
| 2014 | 5.70 million | -0.7% |
| 2015 | 5.04 million | -11.6% |
| 2016 | 4.72 million | -6.3% |
| 2017 | 4.96 million | +5.0% |
| 2018 | 4.87 million | -1.8% |
| 2019 | 4.98 million | +2.3% |
| 2020 | 5.21 million | +4.5% |
| 2021 | 5.34 million | +2.6% |
| 2022 | 5.12 million | -4.2% |
| 2023 | 5.35 million | +4.5% |
| 2024 | 5.39 million | +0.6% |
| 2025 | 5.80 million | +7.7% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 279,062 | 110,039 | 443,172 | 10 |
| 2000s | 1.63 million | 454,837 | 3.73 million | 10 |
| 2010s | 5.06 million | 4.41 million | 5.74 million | 10 |
| 2020s | 5.37 million | 5.12 million | 5.80 million | 6 |
Countries ranked near Upper middle income
More reference data data for Upper middle income
- Exchange rate, new LCU per USD extended backward, period average 2,308 (2026)
- CPI Price, nominal 300.54 (2026)
- CPI Price, nominal, annual growth rate 7.96 % change on previous year (2026)
- CPI Price, nominal, seas. adj. 300.23 (2026)
- CPI Price, nominal, seas. adj., annual growth rate 7.5 % change on previous year (2026)
- School age population, one year before than official primary entry 41.24 million number (2019)
- School age population, one year before than official primary entry 19.74 million number (2019)
- School age population, one year before than official primary entry 21.50 million number (2019)
- School life expectancy, primary, both sexes 5.97 years (2019)
- School life expectancy, primary, male 6 years (2019)
Frequently asked questions
- What is total reserves in Upper middle income?
- Total reserves in Upper middle income was 5.80 million in 2025, according to World Bank staff calculations based on Datastream data.
- What is the highest total reserves recorded in Upper middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 5.80 million in 2025.
- What is the lowest total reserves recorded in Upper middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 110,039 in 1990.
- How does Upper middle income rank for total reserves?
- Upper middle income ranks 2nd out of 10 groups with data for 2025.
- Is total reserves rising or falling in Upper middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is up 15.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Upper middle income data come from?
- The figures come from World Bank staff calculations based on Datastream data, published as part of Total Reserves. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 36 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
Total reserves comprise holdings of monetary gold, special drawing rights, reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary authorities.