Sanitation facilities usage in rural areas by country

Open defecation includes defecating in fields, forests, bushes, bodies of water or other open spaces, not using any sanitation facilities.

Countries reporting
172
Highest
97.69 million people
India
Lowest
0 people
Tokelau
Median
2,394 people
Years covered
25
2000–2024
Data points
4,232

What the numbers show

Sanitation facilities usage in rural areas is currently reported for 172 countries. The highest value is 97.69 million people in India; the lowest is 0 people in Tokelau.

The median across all reporting countries is 2,394 people, and the mean is 1.87 million people.

Over the past decade 23 countries rose and 111 fell. The largest increase was in Trinidad and Tobago (up 389.2%), and the largest decrease in Albania (down 100.0%).

Sanitation facilities usage in rural areas: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 India 97.69 million people 2024 down 75.2% falling
2 Nigeria 32.68 million people 2024 up 7.4% rising
3 Ethiopia 20.60 million people 2024 down 44.8% falling
4 Pakistan 20.07 million people 2024 down 45.7% falling
5 Niger 17.47 million people 2024 up 29.1% rising
6 Chad 11.86 million people 2024 up 33.9% rising
7 Democratic Republic of Congo 10.70 million people 2024 up 34.0% rising
8 Sudan 7.70 million people 2024 down 30.4% falling
9 Angola 7.45 million people 2022 up 28.2% rising
10 South Sudan 7.06 million people 2024 up 0.2% flat
11 Madagascar 6.86 million people 2024 down 2.7% rising
12 Burkina Faso 6.66 million people 2024 down 19.7% falling
13 Mozambique 4.94 million people 2024 down 34.2% falling
14 Afghanistan 4.76 million people 2024 down 9.7% flat
15 Benin 4.65 million people 2024 up 3.2% rising
16 Cote d'Ivoire 4.59 million people 2024 down 16.3% falling
17 Tanzania 4.50 million people 2024 up 7.0% rising
18 Indonesia 4.44 million people 2024 down 83.1% volatile
19 Ghana 4.25 million people 2024 up 6.5% rising
20 Myanmar 3.53 million people 2024 down 8.6% falling
21 Kenya 3.21 million people 2024 down 29.7% falling
22 Togo 2.66 million people 2024 down 9.9% falling
23 Somalia 2.58 million people 2024 down 32.7% falling
24 Zimbabwe 2.10 million people 2024 down 30.8% falling
25 Philippines 1.93 million people 2024 down 59.4% falling
26 Yemen 1.92 million people 2024 down 59.6% falling
27 Eritrea 1.69 million people 2016 down 1.1% flat
28 Papua New Guinea 1.58 million people 2024 up 32.2% rising
29 Uganda 1.52 million people 2024 down 41.8% falling
30 Liberia 1.48 million people 2024 down 0.8% rising
31 Haiti 1.48 million people 2023 down 23.1% falling
32 Sierra Leone 1.18 million people 2024 down 1.6% rising
33 Central African Republic 1.16 million people 2024 up 12.1% rising
34 Cameroon 1.13 million people 2024 down 4.1% flat
35 Senegal 1.04 million people 2024 down 41.1% falling
36 Cambodia 924,670 people 2024 down 83.3% falling
37 Colombia 908,735 people 2024 down 43.2% falling
38 Bolivia 880,645 people 2024 down 38.1% falling
39 Mali 792,478 people 2024 down 49.5% falling
40 Mauritania 780,262 people 2024 down 26.8% falling
41 Namibia 716,848 people 2024 down 11.3% falling
42 Laos 678,318 people 2024 down 61.3% falling
43 Guinea 648,978 people 2024 down 59.4% falling
44 Peru 516,637 people 2024 down 69.5% falling
45 Congo 430,056 people 2021 up 26.2% rising
46 Malawi 387,153 people 2024 down 66.3% falling
47 Zambia 367,696 people 2024 down 80.3% falling
48 Solomon Islands 354,663 people 2024 up 16.5% rising
49 Lesotho 318,237 people 2024 down 39.4% falling
50 Iran 313,052 people 2016 down 6.1% falling
51 Ecuador 310,092 people 2024 down 58.3% falling
52 Honduras 295,640 people 2024 down 57.2% falling
53 Argentina 285,250 people 2014 down 4.5% flat
54 Burundi 271,391 people 2024 up 18.5% rising
55 Guinea-Bissau 168,600 people 2024 down 39.6% falling
56 Djibouti 158,584 people 2023 up 7.7% rising
57 Rwanda 146,381 people 2024 down 32.9% falling
58 Mongolia 146,226 people 2024 down 40.3% falling
59 Panama 132,686 people 2024 down 23.8% falling
60 Syria 125,582 people 2016 down 45.0% falling
61 Guatemala 119,809 people 2024 down 84.0% falling
62 Turkey 118,925 people 2024 down 34.9% falling
63 Botswana 111,298 people 2024 down 45.0% falling
64 East Timor 110,407 people 2024 down 55.6% falling
65 Malaysia 89,970 people 2016 down 54.3% falling
66 Dominican Republic 86,573 people 2024 down 45.5% falling
67 Tajikistan 41,064 people 2023 down 9.8% falling
68 El Salvador 36,926 people 2024 down 78.7% volatile
69 Saudi Arabia 29,709 people 2024 down 1.2% flat
70 Kiribati 27,806 people 2024 down 9.8% falling
71 Paraguay 23,685 people 2024 down 9.5% falling
72 Sao Tome and Principe 23,401 people 2024 down 34.6% falling
73 Uzbekistan 17,953 people 2024 up 20.9% rising
74 Cape Verde 16,777 people 2024 down 74.6% volatile
75 Equatorial Guinea 16,093 people 2017 down 50.3% falling
76 Vanuatu 14,678 people 2024 up 122.2% volatile
77 Comoros 12,776 people 2024 up 67.8% rising
78 Cuba 11,083 people 2024 down 76.1% volatile
79 Saint Lucia 10,343 people 2022 up 4.8% rising
80 Palestine 7,007 people 2024 down 35.0% falling
81 Suriname 6,894 people 2024 down 64.3% volatile
82 Croatia 5,982 people 2021 down 13.6% falling
83 Gabon 5,790 people 2024 down 29.2% falling
84 Jamaica 4,343 people 2024 down 53.9% falling
85 Moldova 3,994 people 2024 down 10.9% rising
86 Azerbaijan 2,730 people 2024 down 59.4% falling
87 Serbia 2,058 people 2024 down 19.3% falling
88 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2,023 people 2018 up 17.1% rising
89 Mauritius 2,003 people 2024 up 39.8% rising
90 North Macedonia 1,957 people 2024 down 58.7% falling
91 Trinidad and Tobago 1,647 people 2024 up 389.2% volatile
92 Marshall Islands 1,459 people 2024 down 55.8% falling
93 Jordan 1,009 people 2024 down 78.9% volatile
94 Belize 973.56 people 2024 down 73.5% volatile
95 Costa Rica 968.85 people 2024 down 84.7% volatile
96 Wallis and Futuna 780.36 people 2024 up 11.1% rising
97 Ukraine 432.71 people 2024 down 21.1% volatile
98 Armenia 312.38 people 2024 down 7.5% falling
99 Montenegro 256.07 people 2024 down 35.0% falling
100 Samoa 159.26 people 2024 down 4.7% falling
101 Tuvalu 69.03 people 2024 down 77.6% volatile
102 Tonga 67.34 people 2024 down 44.1% falling
103 Cook Islands 47.29 people 2024 down 22.2% falling
104 Turks and Caicos Islands 5.99 people 2024 down 9.6% falling
105 Albania 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Andorra 0 people 2024 flat
105 United Arab Emirates 0 people 2024 flat
105 Antigua and Barbuda 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Austria 0 people 2024 flat
105 Belgium 0 people 2024 flat
105 Bangladesh 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Bulgaria 0 people 2024 flat
105 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 people 2018 down 100.0% volatile
105 Belarus 0 people 2024 flat
105 Brazil 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Bhutan 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Canada 0 people 2024 flat
105 Switzerland 0 people 2024 flat
105 Chile 0 people 2024 down 100.0% falling
105 China 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Cyprus 0 people 2024 flat
105 Czechia 0 people 2024 flat
105 Germany 0 people 2024 flat
105 Denmark 0 people 2024 flat
105 Algeria 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Egypt 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Spain 0 people 2024 flat
105 Estonia 0 people 2024 flat
105 Finland 0 people 2024 flat
105 Fiji 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 France 0 people 2024 flat
105 United Kingdom 0 people 2024 flat
105 Georgia 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Gambia 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Greece 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Guyana 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Hungary 0 people 2024 flat
105 Iraq 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Iceland 0 people 2024 flat
105 Israel 0 people 2024 flat
105 Italy 0 people 2024 flat
105 Kazakhstan 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Kyrgyzstan 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Sri Lanka 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Lithuania 0 people 2024 flat
105 Latvia 0 people 2024 flat
105 Morocco 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Maldives 0 people 2024 volatile
105 Mexico 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Netherlands 0 people 2024 flat
105 Norway 0 people 2024 flat
105 Nepal 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 New Zealand 0 people 2024 flat
105 Oman 0 people 2024 volatile
105 Palau 0 people 2024 flat
105 Poland 0 people 2024 flat
105 North Korea 0 people 2023 flat
105 Portugal 0 people 2024 flat
105 Romania 0 people 2024 flat
105 Russia 0 people 2024 flat
105 Slovakia 0 people 2024 flat
105 Sweden 0 people 2024 flat
105 Eswatini 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Thailand 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Turkmenistan 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Tunisia 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Uruguay 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 United States 0 people 2024 flat
105 Vietnam 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 South Africa 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile
105 Falkland Islands 0 people 2024 flat
105 Tokelau 0 people 2024 down 100.0% volatile

About this data

Indicator
Sanitation facilities usage in rural areas
Unit
people
Source
WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (2025) – processed by Our World in Data
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)
Coverage
175 places, 4,232 data points, 2000–2024
Last refreshed

Open defecation includes defecating in fields, forests, bushes, bodies of water or other open spaces, not using any sanitation facilities.