Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Italy
Italy: Over-qualification rates by citizenship was 20.6 in 2025. ▲ Rising
Latest (2025)
20.6
Change on year
unchanged
World rank
21st
of 47 countries
All-time high
21.9
in 2022
All-time low
11.3
in 1997
Years of data
31
1995–2025
Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Italy, 1995–2025
Source: Eurostat.
Analysis
In 2025, over-qualification rates by citizenship in Italy stood at 20.6.
That represents a change of up 7.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, over-qualification rates by citizenship in Italy peaked at 21.9 in 2022 and was at its lowest, 11.3, in 1997.
That places Italy 21st out of 47 countries with data for 2025, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 31 years of available data.
Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Italy, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 11.6 | — |
| 1996 | 12.6 | +8.6% |
| 1997 | 11.3 | -10.3% |
| 1998 | 11.6 | +2.7% |
| 1999 | 12.4 | +6.9% |
| 2000 | 14 | +12.9% |
| 2001 | 14.6 | +4.3% |
| 2002 | 14.7 | +0.7% |
| 2003 | 15.7 | +6.8% |
| 2004 | 11.8 | -24.8% |
| 2005 | 13.5 | +14.4% |
| 2006 | 13.7 | +1.5% |
| 2007 | 13.8 | +0.7% |
| 2008 | 14.9 | +8.0% |
| 2009 | 15.2 | +2.0% |
| 2010 | 16.5 | +8.6% |
| 2011 | 18.9 | +14.5% |
| 2012 | 19.3 | +2.1% |
| 2013 | 18.5 | -4.1% |
| 2014 | 18.4 | -0.5% |
| 2015 | 19.1 | +3.8% |
| 2016 | 18.9 | -1.0% |
| 2017 | 19.9 | +5.3% |
| 2018 | 20.1 | +1.0% |
| 2019 | 19.7 | -2.0% |
| 2020 | 19.4 | -1.5% |
| 2021 | 20.5 | +5.7% |
| 2022 | 21.9 | +6.8% |
| 2023 | 21.5 | -1.8% |
| 2024 | 20.6 | -4.2% |
| 2025 | 20.6 | +0.0% |
Italy compared with similar countries
- Italy's 20.6 is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 20.15, 1.0× the median. (34 countries reporting)
- Italy's 20.6 is above the median for high income countries, which is 20, 1.0× the median. (31 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 11.9 | 11.3 | 12.6 | 5 |
| 2000s | 14.19 | 11.8 | 15.7 | 10 |
| 2010s | 18.93 | 16.5 | 20.1 | 10 |
| 2020s | 20.75 | 19.4 | 21.9 | 6 |
Countries ranked near Italy
More reference data data for Italy
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 2.5 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 1.48 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 8.94 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 0.927 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Agricultural Soils 8.94 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 8.37 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure Management 5.21 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 6.51 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 41.74 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 5.05 (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is over-qualification rates by citizenship in Italy?
- Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Italy was 20.6 in 2025, according to Eurostat.
- What is the highest over-qualification rates by citizenship recorded in Italy?
- The highest recorded value was 21.9 in 2022.
- What is the lowest over-qualification rates by citizenship recorded in Italy?
- The lowest recorded value was 11.3 in 1997.
- How does Italy rank for over-qualification rates by citizenship?
- Italy ranks 21st out of 47 countries with data for 2025.
- Is over-qualification rates by citizenship rising or falling in Italy?
- Over the last ten years it is up 7.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Italy data come from?
- The figures come from Eurostat, published as part of Over-qualification rates by citizenship. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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CSV · JSON — 31 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Eurostat).