Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Germany

Germany: Over-qualification rates by citizenship was 20.4% in 2025. ▼ Falling

Latest (2025)
20.4%
Change on year
up 3.6%
World rank
21st
of 45 countries
All-time high
24.5%
in 1995
All-time low
13.3%
in 2011
Years of data
30
1995–2025

Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Germany, 1995–2025

05101520251995201020251995: 24.5 Percentage1996: 24.5 Percentage1997: 24.5 Percentage1999: 24 Percentage2000: 23.9 Percentage2001: 23.4 Percentage2002: 24 Percentage2003: 22.6 Percentage2004: 22.8 Percentage2005: 22.2 Percentage2006: 21.7 Percentage2007: 21 Percentage2008: 21.5 Percentage2009: 21.4 Percentage2010: 21.3 Percentage2011: 13.3 Percentage2012: 18.1 Percentage2013: 18.3 Percentage2014: 19.1 Percentage2015: 18.5 Percentage2016: 19.1 Percentage2017: 19.2 Percentage2018: 19 Percentage2019: 18.5 Percentage2020: 20.2 Percentage2021: 20.4 Percentage2022: 20.4 Percentage2023: 20.2 Percentage2024: 19.7 Percentage2025: 20.4 Percentage

Source: Eurostat. Measured in Percentage.

Analysis

Germany recorded 20.4% for over-qualification rates by citizenship in 2025.

That represents a change of up 3.6% on the previous year and up 10.3% over ten years.

Over the whole period, over-qualification rates by citizenship in Germany peaked at 24.5% in 1995 and was at its lowest, 13.3%, in 2011.

That places Germany 21st out of 45 countries with data for 2025, putting it in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 30 years of available data.

Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Germany, year by year

Annual values for Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Germany, 1995 to 2025.
Year Percentage Change
1995 24.5% —
1996 24.5% +0.0%
1997 24.5% +0.0%
1999 24.0% -2.0%
2000 23.9% -0.4%
2001 23.4% -2.1%
2002 24.0% +2.6%
2003 22.6% -5.8%
2004 22.8% +0.9%
2005 22.2% -2.6%
2006 21.7% -2.3%
2007 21.0% -3.2%
2008 21.5% +2.4%
2009 21.4% -0.5%
2010 21.3% -0.5%
2011 13.3% -37.6%
2012 18.1% +36.1%
2013 18.3% +1.1%
2014 19.1% +4.4%
2015 18.5% -3.1%
2016 19.1% +3.2%
2017 19.2% +0.5%
2018 19.0% -1.0%
2019 18.5% -2.6%
2020 20.2% +9.2%
2021 20.4% +1.0%
2022 20.4% +0.0%
2023 20.2% -1.0%
2024 19.7% -2.5%
2025 20.4% +3.6%

Germany compared with similar countries

  • Germany's 20.4% is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 20.1%, 1.0× the median. (34 countries reporting)
  • Germany's 20.4% is above the median for high income countries, which is 20.0%, 1.0× the median. (31 countries reporting)

Biggest year-on-year movements

Years where Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Germany changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.

YearChange FromTo
2011 -37.6% 21.3% 13.3%
2012 +36.1% 13.3% 18.1%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s 24.4% 24.0% 24.5% 4
2000s 22.4% 21.0% 24.0% 10
2010s 18.4% 13.3% 21.3% 10
2020s 20.2% 19.7% 20.4% 6

Countries ranked near Germany

  1. 20 Italy 20.6% compare
  2. 21 Bosnia and Herzegovina 20.4% compare
  3. 21 France 20.4% compare
  4. 24 North Macedonia 20.3% compare

See the full ranking of 47 places →

More reference data data for Germany

All data for Germany →

Frequently asked questions

What is over-qualification rates by citizenship in Germany?
Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Germany was 20.4% in 2025, according to Eurostat.
What is the highest over-qualification rates by citizenship recorded in Germany?
The highest recorded value was 24.5% in 1995.
What is the lowest over-qualification rates by citizenship recorded in Germany?
The lowest recorded value was 13.3% in 2011.
How does Germany rank for over-qualification rates by citizenship?
Germany ranks 21st out of 45 countries with data for 2025.
Is over-qualification rates by citizenship rising or falling in Germany?
Over the last ten years it is up 10.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
Where does this Germany data come from?
The figures come from Eurostat, published as part of Over-qualification rates by citizenship. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Germany. Statizoid, drawing on Eurostat. Retrieved 25 September 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/over-qualification-rates-by-citizenship/germany/

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About this data

Indicator
Over-qualification rates by citizenship
Unit
Percentage
Source
Eurostat
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (Eurostat)
Coverage
47 places, 1,261 data points, 1995–2025
Last refreshed