Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Upper middle income

Upper middle income: Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity was 0.9973 GPI in 2019. ▲ Rising

Latest (2019)
0.9973 GPI
Change on year
up 0.1%
Rank
15th
of 43 groups
All-time high
0.9993 GPI
in 2014
All-time low
0.9455 GPI
in 1994
Years of data
26
1994–2019

Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Upper middle income, 1994–2019

00.20.40.60.811994200620191994: 0.946 GPI1995: 0.949 GPI1996: 0.954 GPI1997: 0.959 GPI1998: 0.962 GPI1999: 0.967 GPI2000: 0.97 GPI2001: 0.975 GPI2002: 0.979 GPI2003: 0.984 GPI2004: 0.987 GPI2005: 0.986 GPI2006: 0.987 GPI2007: 0.987 GPI2008: 0.989 GPI2009: 0.991 GPI2010: 0.994 GPI2011: 0.994 GPI2012: 0.992 GPI2013: 0.997 GPI2014: 0.999 GPI2015: 0.995 GPI2016: 0.997 GPI2017: 0.995 GPI2018: 0.996 GPI2019: 0.997 GPI

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPI.

Analysis

Upper middle income recorded 0.9973 GPI for gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in 2019.

The figure is up 0.1% on the previous year and up 0.7% over ten years.

Over the whole period, gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Upper middle income peaked at 0.9993 GPI in 2014 and was at its lowest, 0.9455 GPI, in 1994.

Upper middle income ranks 15th of 43 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 26 years of available data.

Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Upper middle income, year by year

Annual values for Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity index (GPI) in Upper middle income, 1994 to 2019.
Year GPI Change
1994 0.9455 GPI
1995 0.9493 GPI +0.4%
1996 0.9542 GPI +0.5%
1997 0.9589 GPI +0.5%
1998 0.962 GPI +0.3%
1999 0.9672 GPI +0.5%
2000 0.9704 GPI +0.3%
2001 0.975 GPI +0.5%
2002 0.9791 GPI +0.4%
2003 0.984 GPI +0.5%
2004 0.9867 GPI +0.3%
2005 0.9859 GPI -0.1%
2006 0.9871 GPI +0.1%
2007 0.9873 GPI +0.0%
2008 0.989 GPI +0.2%
2009 0.9909 GPI +0.2%
2010 0.9936 GPI +0.3%
2011 0.9941 GPI +0.1%
2012 0.9925 GPI -0.2%
2013 0.9974 GPI +0.5%
2014 0.9993 GPI +0.2%
2015 0.9954 GPI -0.4%
2016 0.9968 GPI +0.1%
2017 0.9954 GPI -0.1%
2018 0.9962 GPI +0.1%
2019 0.9973 GPI +0.1%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s 0.9562 GPI 0.9455 GPI 0.9672 GPI 6
2000s 0.9836 GPI 0.9704 GPI 0.9909 GPI 10
2010s 0.9958 GPI 0.9925 GPI 0.9993 GPI 10

Countries ranked near Upper middle income

  1. 12 Seychelles 1.04 GPI compare
  2. 13 Tanzania 1.04 GPI compare
  3. 14 Albania 1.03 GPI compare
  4. 15 Hong Kong 1.03 GPI compare
  5. 16 Iran 1.03 GPI compare
  6. 17 Nauru 1.03 GPI compare
  7. 18 India 1.03 GPI compare

See the full ranking of 233 places →

More reference data data for Upper middle income

All data for Upper middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Upper middle income?
Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Upper middle income was 0.9973 GPI in 2019, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
What is the highest gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity recorded in Upper middle income?
The highest recorded value was 0.9993 GPI in 2014.
What is the lowest gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity recorded in Upper middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 0.9455 GPI in 1994.
How does Upper middle income rank for gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity?
Upper middle income ranks 15th out of 43 groups with data for 2019.
Is gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity rising or falling in Upper middle income?
Over the last ten years it is up 0.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Upper middle income data come from?
The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity index (GPI). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Upper middle income. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 28 August 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/gross-enrolment-ratio-primary-and-lower-secondary-gender-parity-index-gpi/upper-middle-income/

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About this data

Indicator
Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity index (GPI)
Unit
GPI
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
233 places, 4,500 data points, 1981–2020
Last refreshed

Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for primary and lower secondary to male gross enrolment ratio for primary and lower secondary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.