What is clientelism index in Spain?

Clientelism index in Spain was 0.1 in 2025, according to V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.

What is the highest clientelism index recorded in Spain?

The highest recorded value was 0.942 in 1868.

What is the lowest clientelism index recorded in Spain?

The lowest recorded value was 0.058 in 2012.

How does Spain rank for clientelism index?

Spain ranks 155th out of 176 countries with data for 2025.

Is clientelism index rising or falling in Spain?

Over the last ten years it is up 56.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.

Where does this Spain data come from?

The figures come from V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data, published as part of Clientelism Index. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

Clientelism Index in Spain

Name: Clientelism Index in Spain
Creator: V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data
License: CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)

Spain: Clientelism Index was 0.1 in 2025. ▼ Falling

Latest (2025)

0.1

Change on year

down 25.9%

World rank

155th

of 176 countries

All-time high

0.942

in 1868

All-time low

0.058

in 2012

Years of data

237

1789–2025

Clientelism Index in Spain, 1789–2025

Source: V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.

Analysis

The most recent figure for clientelism index in Spain is 0.1, measured in 2025.

That represents a change of down 25.9% on the previous year and up 56.2% over ten years.

Over the whole period, clientelism index in Spain peaked at 0.942 in 1868 and was at its lowest, 0.058, in 2012.

That places Spain 155th out of 176 countries with data for 2025, putting it in the bottom quarter.

The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 237 years of available data.

Clientelism Index in Spain, year by year

Annual values for Clientelism Index in Spain, 1789 to 2025.
Year	Value	Change
1789	0.789	—
1790	0.789	+0.0%
1791	0.789	+0.0%
1792	0.789	+0.0%
1793	0.789	+0.0%
1794	0.789	+0.0%
1795	0.789	+0.0%
1796	0.789	+0.0%
1797	0.789	+0.0%
1798	0.789	+0.0%
1799	0.789	+0.0%
1800	0.789	+0.0%
1801	0.789	+0.0%
1802	0.789	+0.0%
1803	0.789	+0.0%
1804	0.789	+0.0%
1805	0.789	+0.0%
1806	0.789	+0.0%
1807	0.789	+0.0%
1808	0.789	+0.0%
1809	0.789	+0.0%
1810	0.789	+0.0%
1811	0.789	+0.0%
1812	0.789	+0.0%
1813	0.851	+7.9%
1814	0.851	+0.0%
1815	0.851	+0.0%
1816	0.851	+0.0%
1817	0.851	+0.0%
1818	0.851	+0.0%
1819	0.851	+0.0%
1820	0.844	-0.8%
1821	0.844	+0.0%
1822	0.839	-0.6%
1823	0.839	+0.0%
1824	0.839	+0.0%
1825	0.839	+0.0%
1826	0.839	+0.0%
1827	0.839	+0.0%
1828	0.839	+0.0%
1829	0.839	+0.0%
1830	0.839	+0.0%
1831	0.839	+0.0%
1832	0.839	+0.0%
1833	0.839	+0.0%
1834	0.837	-0.2%
1835	0.939	+12.2%
1836	0.938	-0.1%
1837	0.938	+0.0%
1838	0.938	+0.0%
1839	0.938	+0.0%
1840	0.938	+0.0%
1841	0.937	-0.1%
1842	0.937	+0.0%
1843	0.938	+0.1%
1844	0.938	+0.0%
1845	0.938	+0.0%
1846	0.938	+0.0%
1847	0.94	+0.2%
1848	0.94	+0.0%
1849	0.94	+0.0%
1850	0.938	-0.2%
1851	0.933	-0.5%
1852	0.933	+0.0%
1853	0.931	-0.2%
1854	0.932	+0.1%
1855	0.935	+0.3%
1856	0.935	+0.0%
1857	0.933	-0.2%
1858	0.934	+0.1%
1859	0.937	+0.3%
1860	0.937	+0.0%
1861	0.937	+0.0%
1862	0.937	+0.0%
1863	0.938	+0.1%
1864	0.94	+0.2%
1865	0.933	-0.7%
1866	0.937	+0.4%
1867	0.941	+0.4%
1868	0.942	+0.1%
1869	0.838	-11.0%
1870	0.838	+0.0%
1871	0.839	+0.1%
1872	0.842	+0.4%
1873	0.843	+0.1%
1874	0.843	+0.0%
1875	0.939	+11.4%
1876	0.937	-0.2%
1877	0.937	+0.0%
1878	0.937	+0.0%
1879	0.937	+0.0%
1880	0.938	+0.1%
1881	0.938	+0.0%
1882	0.939	+0.1%
1883	0.939	+0.0%
1884	0.938	-0.1%
1885	0.937	-0.1%
1886	0.933	-0.4%
1887	0.931	-0.2%
1888	0.931	+0.0%
1889	0.931	+0.0%
1890	0.906	-2.7%
1891	0.91	+0.4%
1892	0.911	+0.1%
1893	0.901	-1.1%
1894	0.898	-0.3%
1895	0.898	+0.0%
1896	0.905	+0.8%
1897	0.908	+0.3%
1898	0.907	-0.1%
1899	0.908	+0.1%
1900	0.775	-14.6%
1901	0.789	+1.8%
1902	0.798	+1.1%
1903	0.801	+0.4%
1904	0.802	+0.1%
1905	0.806	+0.5%
1906	0.815	+1.1%
1907	0.801	-1.7%
1908	0.795	-0.7%
1909	0.795	+0.0%
1910	0.802	+0.9%
1911	0.806	+0.5%
1912	0.806	+0.0%
1913	0.806	+0.0%
1914	0.796	-1.2%
1915	0.794	-0.3%
1916	0.801	+0.9%
1917	0.804	+0.4%
1918	0.792	-1.5%
1919	0.795	+0.4%
1920	0.799	+0.5%
1921	0.815	+2.0%
1922	0.815	+0.0%
1923	0.784	-3.8%
1924	0.734	-6.4%
1925	0.734	+0.0%
1926	0.734	+0.0%
1927	0.734	+0.0%
1928	0.734	+0.0%
1929	0.734	+0.0%
1930	0.734	+0.0%
1931	0.375	-48.9%
1932	0.386	+2.9%
1933	0.384	-0.5%
1934	0.405	+5.5%
1935	0.405	+0.0%
1936	0.402	-0.7%
1937	0.402	+0.0%
1938	0.402	+0.0%
1939	0.402	+0.0%
1940	0.637	+58.5%
1941	0.637	+0.0%
1942	0.637	+0.0%
1943	0.637	+0.0%
1944	0.637	+0.0%
1945	0.637	+0.0%
1946	0.637	+0.0%
1947	0.637	+0.0%
1948	0.637	+0.0%
1949	0.637	+0.0%
1950	0.637	+0.0%
1951	0.637	+0.0%
1952	0.637	+0.0%
1953	0.637	+0.0%
1954	0.637	+0.0%
1955	0.637	+0.0%
1956	0.637	+0.0%
1957	0.637	+0.0%
1958	0.637	+0.0%
1959	0.637	+0.0%
1960	0.622	-2.4%
1961	0.622	+0.0%
1962	0.622	+0.0%
1963	0.622	+0.0%
1964	0.622	+0.0%
1965	0.622	+0.0%
1966	0.622	+0.0%
1967	0.622	+0.0%
1968	0.621	-0.2%
1969	0.621	+0.0%
1970	0.621	+0.0%
1971	0.602	-3.1%
1972	0.546	-9.3%
1973	0.546	+0.0%
1974	0.546	+0.0%
1975	0.52	-4.8%
1976	0.52	+0.0%
1977	0.205	-60.6%
1978	0.104	-49.3%
1979	0.082	-21.2%
1980	0.076	-7.3%
1981	0.076	+0.0%
1982	0.077	+1.3%
1983	0.083	+7.8%
1984	0.083	+0.0%
1985	0.083	+0.0%
1986	0.079	-4.8%
1987	0.074	-6.3%
1988	0.074	+0.0%
1989	0.075	+1.4%
1990	0.079	+5.3%
1991	0.079	+0.0%
1992	0.079	+0.0%
1993	0.075	-5.1%
1994	0.072	-4.0%
1995	0.072	+0.0%
1996	0.075	+4.2%
1997	0.075	+0.0%
1998	0.075	+0.0%
1999	0.075	+0.0%
2000	0.074	-1.3%
2001	0.073	-1.4%
2002	0.073	+0.0%
2003	0.073	+0.0%
2004	0.075	+2.7%
2005	0.075	+0.0%
2006	0.075	+0.0%
2007	0.075	+0.0%
2008	0.079	+5.3%
2009	0.08	+1.3%
2010	0.061	-23.8%
2011	0.061	+0.0%
2012	0.058	-4.9%
2013	0.064	+10.3%
2014	0.064	+0.0%
2015	0.064	+0.0%
2016	0.066	+3.1%
2017	0.066	+0.0%
2018	0.07	+6.1%
2019	0.071	+1.4%
2020	0.077	+8.5%
2021	0.092	+19.5%
2022	0.063	-31.5%
2023	0.088	+39.7%
2024	0.135	+53.4%
2025	0.1	-25.9%

Spain compared with similar countries

Spain's 0.1 is below the median for high income countries, which is 0.131, 76% of the median. (55 countries reporting)
Spain's 0.1 is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 0.182, 55% of the median. (48 countries reporting)

Averages by decade

Decade	Average	Lowest	Highest	Years
1780s	0.789	0.789	0.789	1
1790s	0.789	0.789	0.789	10
1800s	0.789	0.789	0.789	10
1810s	0.8324	0.789	0.851	10
1820s	0.84	0.839	0.844	10
1830s	0.8884	0.837	0.939	10
1840s	0.9384	0.937	0.94	10
1850s	0.9341	0.931	0.938	10
1860s	0.928	0.838	0.942	10
1870s	0.8892	0.838	0.939	10
1880s	0.9355	0.931	0.939	10
1890s	0.9052	0.898	0.911	10
1900s	0.7977	0.775	0.815	10
1910s	0.8002	0.792	0.806	10
1920s	0.7617	0.734	0.815	10
1930s	0.4297	0.375	0.734	10
1940s	0.637	0.637	0.637	10
1950s	0.637	0.637	0.637	10
1960s	0.6218	0.621	0.622	10
1970s	0.4292	0.082	0.621	10
1980s	0.078	0.074	0.083	10
1990s	0.0756	0.072	0.079	10
2000s	0.0752	0.073	0.08	10
2010s	0.0645	0.058	0.071	10
2020s	0.0925	0.063	0.135	6

Countries ranked near Spain

152 Austria 0.105 compare
152 United States 0.105 compare
154 Sri Lanka 0.104 compare
155 Israel 0.1 compare
157 Chile 0.088 compare
158 Iceland 0.086 compare

See the full ranking of 176 places →

More reference data data for Spain

Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 3.18 (2050)
Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 2.85 (2050)
Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 11.76 (2050)
Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 0.898 (2050)
Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Agricultural Soils 11.76 (2050)
Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 10.67 (2050)
Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure Management 6.03 (2050)
Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 11.06 (2050)
Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 52.4 (2050)
Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 4.89 (2050)

All data for Spain →

Frequently asked questions

What is clientelism index in Spain?: Clientelism index in Spain was 0.1 in 2025, according to V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.
What is the highest clientelism index recorded in Spain?: The highest recorded value was 0.942 in 1868.
What is the lowest clientelism index recorded in Spain?: The lowest recorded value was 0.058 in 2012.
How does Spain rank for clientelism index?: Spain ranks 155th out of 176 countries with data for 2025.
Is clientelism index rising or falling in Spain?: Over the last ten years it is up 56.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
Where does this Spain data come from?: The figures come from V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data, published as part of Clientelism Index. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Clientelism Index in Spain. Statizoid, drawing on V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data. Retrieved 23 September 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/clientelism-index/spain/

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About this data

Indicator: Clientelism Index
Source: V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data
Licence: CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)
Coverage: 176 places, 24,366 data points, 1789–2025
Last refreshed: 18 September 2026

Composite index measuring the extent to which politics hinge on clientelistic exchanges of targeted goods, jobs, or cash for electoral support; higher values denote more pervasive clientelism.