Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Upper middle income

Upper middle income: Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity was 0.9725 GPIA in 2019. ▲ Rising

Latest (2019)
0.9725 GPIA
Change on year
up 0.1%
Rank
10th
of 36 groups
All-time high
0.9725 GPIA
in 2019
All-time low
0.7423 GPIA
in 1976
Years of data
44
1976–2019

Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Upper middle income, 1976–2019

00.20.40.60.811976199720191976: 0.742 GPIA1977: 0.743 GPIA1978: 0.75 GPIA1979: 0.757 GPIA1980: 0.762 GPIA1981: 0.771 GPIA1982: 0.777 GPIA1983: 0.786 GPIA1984: 0.794 GPIA1985: 0.801 GPIA1986: 0.808 GPIA1987: 0.813 GPIA1988: 0.842 GPIA1989: 0.847 GPIA1990: 0.852 GPIA1991: 0.858 GPIA1992: 0.862 GPIA1993: 0.866 GPIA1994: 0.87 GPIA1995: 0.875 GPIA1996: 0.879 GPIA1997: 0.92 GPIA1998: 0.924 GPIA1999: 0.927 GPIA2000: 0.928 GPIA2001: 0.931 GPIA2002: 0.934 GPIA2003: 0.937 GPIA2004: 0.94 GPIA2005: 0.942 GPIA2006: 0.944 GPIA2007: 0.952 GPIA2008: 0.953 GPIA2009: 0.958 GPIA2010: 0.96 GPIA2011: 0.962 GPIA2012: 0.963 GPIA2013: 0.963 GPIA2014: 0.966 GPIA2015: 0.968 GPIA2016: 0.969 GPIA2017: 0.97 GPIA2018: 0.971 GPIA2019: 0.972 GPIA

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPIA.

Analysis

The most recent figure for adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Upper middle income is 0.9725 GPIA, measured in 2019. That is the highest value across all 44 years on record.

Compared with earlier readings it is up 0.1% on the previous year and up 1.5% over ten years.

Over the whole period, adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Upper middle income peaked at 0.9725 GPIA in 2019 and was at its lowest, 0.7423 GPIA, in 1976.

Upper middle income ranks 10th of 36 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 44 years of available data.

Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Upper middle income, year by year

Annual values for Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) in Upper middle income, 1976 to 2019.
Year GPIA Change
1976 0.7423 GPIA
1977 0.7432 GPIA +0.1%
1978 0.7504 GPIA +1.0%
1979 0.7569 GPIA +0.9%
1980 0.7616 GPIA +0.6%
1981 0.7714 GPIA +1.3%
1982 0.7768 GPIA +0.7%
1983 0.7856 GPIA +1.1%
1984 0.794 GPIA +1.1%
1985 0.8008 GPIA +0.9%
1986 0.8078 GPIA +0.9%
1987 0.8131 GPIA +0.6%
1988 0.8423 GPIA +3.6%
1989 0.8475 GPIA +0.6%
1990 0.8524 GPIA +0.6%
1991 0.8576 GPIA +0.6%
1992 0.8618 GPIA +0.5%
1993 0.8661 GPIA +0.5%
1994 0.8701 GPIA +0.5%
1995 0.8746 GPIA +0.5%
1996 0.8789 GPIA +0.5%
1997 0.92 GPIA +4.7%
1998 0.9237 GPIA +0.4%
1999 0.9265 GPIA +0.3%
2000 0.928 GPIA +0.2%
2001 0.9312 GPIA +0.3%
2002 0.9337 GPIA +0.3%
2003 0.9369 GPIA +0.3%
2004 0.9395 GPIA +0.3%
2005 0.9419 GPIA +0.2%
2006 0.944 GPIA +0.2%
2007 0.9516 GPIA +0.8%
2008 0.9534 GPIA +0.2%
2009 0.958 GPIA +0.5%
2010 0.9599 GPIA +0.2%
2011 0.9617 GPIA +0.2%
2012 0.9628 GPIA +0.1%
2013 0.9635 GPIA +0.1%
2014 0.9665 GPIA +0.3%
2015 0.9676 GPIA +0.1%
2016 0.9686 GPIA +0.1%
2017 0.9701 GPIA +0.2%
2018 0.9714 GPIA +0.1%
2019 0.9725 GPIA +0.1%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1970s 0.7482 GPIA 0.7423 GPIA 0.7569 GPIA 4
1980s 0.8001 GPIA 0.7616 GPIA 0.8475 GPIA 10
1990s 0.8832 GPIA 0.8524 GPIA 0.9265 GPIA 10
2000s 0.9418 GPIA 0.928 GPIA 0.958 GPIA 10
2010s 0.9665 GPIA 0.9599 GPIA 0.9725 GPIA 10

Countries ranked near Upper middle income

  1. 7 Brazil 1 GPIA compare
  2. 8 Eswatini 1 GPIA compare
  3. 9 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 1 GPIA compare
  4. 10 Honduras 1 GPIA compare
  5. 11 Argentina 1 GPIA compare
  6. 11 Tonga 1 GPIA compare
  7. 13 Philippines 1 GPIA compare

See the full ranking of 124 places →

More reference data data for Upper middle income

All data for Upper middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Upper middle income?
Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Upper middle income was 0.9725 GPIA in 2019, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
What is the highest adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity recorded in Upper middle income?
The highest recorded value was 0.9725 GPIA in 2019.
What is the lowest adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity recorded in Upper middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 0.7423 GPIA in 1976.
How does Upper middle income rank for adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity?
Upper middle income ranks 10th out of 36 groups with data for 2019.
Is adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity rising or falling in Upper middle income?
Over the last ten years it is up 1.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Upper middle income data come from?
The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity in Upper middle income. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 02 September 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/adult-literacy-rate-population-15-years-adjusted-gender-parity-index-gpia/upper-middle-income/

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About this data

Indicator
Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit
GPIA
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
124 places, 2,183 data points, 1970–2019
Last refreshed

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/