Years a country was a European overseas colony by country

Number of years the country has been colonized from overseas by the European colonial power(s) in a specific year, between Belgium, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and Italy, or a combination of them.

Countries reporting
159
Highest
514 years
Cape Verde
Lowest
0 years
Taiwan
Median
73 years
Years covered
561
1462–2022
Data points
88,747

What the numbers show

Years a country was a European overseas colony is currently reported for 159 countries. The highest value is 514 years in Cape Verde; the lowest is 0 years in Taiwan.

The median across all reporting countries is 73 years, and the mean is 127.3 years.

Years a country was a European overseas colony: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 Cape Verde 514 years 2022 unchanged volatile
2 Belize 458 years 2022 unchanged volatile
3 Jamaica 454 years 2022 unchanged volatile
3 Sao Tome and Principe 454 years 2022 unchanged volatile
5 Ghana 426 years 2022 unchanged volatile
6 Angola 400 years 2022 unchanged volatile
7 Cuba 389 years 2022 unchanged volatile
8 Guyana 387 years 2022 unchanged volatile
9 Dominican Republic 371 years 2022 unchanged volatile
9 Trinidad and Tobago 371 years 2022 unchanged volatile
11 Saint Kitts and Nevis 361 years 2022 unchanged volatile
12 Antigua and Barbuda 350 years 2022 unchanged volatile
13 Barbados 340 years 2022 unchanged volatile
13 Indonesia 340 years 2022 unchanged volatile
15 Philippines 334 years 2022 unchanged volatile
15 East Timor 334 years 2022 unchanged volatile
17 Saint Lucia 330 years 2022 unchanged volatile
18 Grenada 325 years 2022 unchanged volatile
19 Canada 312 years 2022 unchanged volatile
20 Suriname 308 years 2022 unchanged volatile
21 Dominica 306 years 2022 unchanged volatile
22 Panama 303 years 2022 unchanged volatile
23 Mexico 301 years 2022 unchanged volatile
24 Costa Rica 298 years 2022 unchanged volatile
24 Guatemala 298 years 2022 unchanged volatile
24 Honduras 298 years 2022 unchanged volatile
24 Nicaragua 298 years 2022 unchanged volatile
28 Colombia 296 years 2022 unchanged volatile
29 Ecuador 295 years 2022 unchanged volatile
30 El Salvador 294 years 2022 unchanged volatile
31 Peru 292 years 2022 unchanged volatile
32 Brazil 290 years 2022 unchanged volatile
33 Chile 278 years 2022 unchanged volatile
34 Paraguay 275 years 2022 unchanged volatile
35 Bolivia 267 years 2022 unchanged volatile
36 Venezuela 266 years 2022 unchanged volatile
37 South Africa 262 years 2022 unchanged volatile
38 Mauritius 254 years 2022 unchanged volatile
39 Micronesia (country) 250 years 2022 unchanged volatile
40 Argentina 240 years 2022 unchanged volatile
41 Senegal 232 years 2022 unchanged volatile
42 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 218 years 2022 unchanged volatile
43 Malaysia 207 years 2022 unchanged volatile
44 Uruguay 204 years 2022 unchanged volatile
45 Seychelles 202 years 2022 unchanged volatile
46 Bahamas 191 years 2022 unchanged volatile
47 Sri Lanka 189 years 2022 unchanged volatile
48 United States 177 years 2022 unchanged volatile
49 Equatorial Guinea 143 years 2022 unchanged volatile
50 Haiti 140 years 2022 unchanged volatile
51 Singapore 138 years 2022 unchanged volatile
52 Algeria 115 years 2022 unchanged volatile
53 Bahrain 111 years 2022 unchanged volatile
54 Brunei 97 years 2022 unchanged volatile
54 Fiji 97 years 2022 unchanged volatile
56 Guinea-Bissau 96 years 2022 unchanged volatile
57 Djibouti 94 years 2022 unchanged volatile
57 Solomon Islands 94 years 2022 unchanged volatile
57 Vanuatu 94 years 2022 unchanged volatile
60 Morocco 92 years 2022 unchanged volatile
61 Australia 91 years 2022 unchanged volatile
61 Bangladesh 91 years 2022 unchanged volatile
61 India 91 years 2022 unchanged volatile
61 Mozambique 91 years 2022 unchanged volatile
61 Pakistan 91 years 2022 unchanged volatile
66 Kiribati 88 years 2022 unchanged volatile
66 Tuvalu 88 years 2022 unchanged volatile
68 Lesotho 83 years 2022 unchanged volatile
69 Nauru 81 years 2022 unchanged volatile
69 New Zealand 81 years 2022 unchanged volatile
71 United Arab Emirates 80 years 2022 unchanged volatile
72 Congo 79 years 2022 unchanged volatile
72 Maldives 79 years 2022 unchanged volatile
74 Guinea 78 years 2022 unchanged volatile
74 Gambia 78 years 2022 unchanged volatile
76 Democratic Republic of Congo 76 years 2022 unchanged volatile
76 Tunisia 76 years 2022 unchanged volatile
78 Gabon 75 years 2022 unchanged volatile
79 Malawi 74 years 2022 unchanged volatile
80 Somalia 73 years 2022 unchanged volatile
80 Tanzania 73 years 2022 unchanged volatile
82 Botswana 72 years 2022 unchanged volatile
82 Cote d'Ivoire 72 years 2022 unchanged volatile
82 Cameroon 72 years 2022 unchanged volatile
85 Togo 71 years 2022 unchanged volatile
85 Tonga 71 years 2022 unchanged volatile
87 Cambodia 70 years 2022 unchanged volatile
88 Kenya 69 years 2022 unchanged volatile
88 Uganda 69 years 2022 unchanged volatile
90 Vietnam 68 years 2022 unchanged volatile
91 Benin 67 years 2022 unchanged volatile
92 Burkina Faso 66 years 2022 unchanged volatile
92 Madagascar 66 years 2022 unchanged volatile
92 Sierra Leone 66 years 2022 unchanged volatile
92 Eswatini 66 years 2022 unchanged volatile
96 Burundi 64 years 2022 unchanged volatile
97 Myanmar 63 years 2022 unchanged volatile
98 Comoros 62 years 2022 unchanged volatile
98 Eritrea 62 years 2022 unchanged volatile
98 Laos 62 years 2022 unchanged volatile
98 Nigeria 62 years 2022 unchanged volatile
102 Sudan 59 years 2022 unchanged volatile
103 Mauritania 58 years 2022 unchanged volatile
103 Rwanda 58 years 2022 unchanged volatile
103 Zimbabwe 58 years 2022 unchanged volatile
106 Mali 57 years 2022 unchanged volatile
107 Qatar 56 years 2022 unchanged volatile
108 Central African Republic 55 years 2022 unchanged volatile
109 Egypt 54 years 2022 unchanged volatile
110 Chad 51 years 2022 unchanged volatile
111 Kuwait 48 years 2022 unchanged volatile
112 Cyprus 47 years 2022 unchanged rising
113 Zambia 42 years 2022 unchanged volatile
114 Bhutan 40 years 2022 unchanged volatile
115 Niger 39 years 2022 unchanged volatile
116 Libya 38 years 2022 unchanged volatile
117 Papua New Guinea 37 years 2022 unchanged volatile
118 Namibia 36 years 2022 unchanged volatile
119 Marshall Islands 30 years 2022 unchanged volatile
119 Palau 30 years 2022 unchanged volatile
121 Israel 26 years 2022 unchanged volatile
122 Jordan 24 years 2022 unchanged volatile
122 Lebanon 24 years 2022 unchanged volatile
122 Syria 24 years 2022 unchanged volatile
125 Samoa 21 years 2022 unchanged volatile
126 Iraq 13 years 2022 unchanged volatile
127 Yemen 9 years 2022 unchanged volatile
128 Afghanistan 0 years 2022 flat
128 Armenia 0 years 2022 flat
128 Azerbaijan 0 years 2022 flat
128 Belgium 0 years 2022 flat
128 China 0 years 2022 flat
128 Germany 0 years 2022 flat
128 Spain 0 years 2022 flat
128 Ethiopia 0 years 2022 flat
128 France 0 years 2022 flat
128 United Kingdom 0 years 2022 flat
128 Georgia 0 years 2022 flat
128 Iran 0 years 2022 flat
128 Italy 0 years 2022 flat
128 Japan 0 years 2022 flat
128 Kazakhstan 0 years 2022 flat
128 Kyrgyzstan 0 years 2022 flat
128 South Korea 0 years 2022 flat
128 Liberia 0 years 2022 flat
128 Mongolia 0 years 2022 flat
128 Netherlands 0 years 2022 flat
128 Nepal 0 years 2022 flat
128 Oman 0 years 2022 flat
128 North Korea 0 years 2022 flat
128 Portugal 0 years 2022 flat
128 Saudi Arabia 0 years 2022 flat
128 South Sudan 0 years 2022 flat
128 Thailand 0 years 2022 flat
128 Tajikistan 0 years 2022 flat
128 Turkmenistan 0 years 2022 flat
128 Turkey 0 years 2022 flat
128 Uzbekistan 0 years 2022 flat
128 Taiwan 0 years 2022 flat

About this data

Indicator
Years a country was a European overseas colony
Unit
years
Source
Bastian Becker (2023) – with major processing by Our World in Data
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)
Coverage
159 places, 88,747 data points, 1462–2022
Last refreshed

Number of years the country has been colonized from overseas by the European colonial power(s) in a specific year, between Belgium, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and Italy, or a combination of them.