R&D personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — R&D in Spain
Spain: R&D personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — R&D was 431,848 Persons in 2023. ▲ Rising
R&D personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — R&D in Spain, 1988–2023
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Persons.
Analysis
The most recent figure for r&d personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — r&d in Spain is 431,848 Persons, measured in 2023. That is the highest value across all 33 years on record.
That represents a change of up 2.9% on the previous year and up 29.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, r&d personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — r&d in Spain peaked at 431,848 Persons in 2023 and was at its lowest, 87,797 Persons, in 1988.
Spain ranks 4th of 25 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 33 years of available data.
R&D personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — R&D in Spain, year by year
| Year | Persons | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1988 | 87,797 Persons | — |
| 1989 | 99,819 Persons | +13.7% |
| 1990 | 108,546 Persons | +8.7% |
| 1991 | 115,274 Persons | +6.2% |
| 1992 | 119,440 Persons | +3.6% |
| 1993 | 122,275 Persons | +2.4% |
| 1994 | 134,587 Persons | +10.1% |
| 1995 | 147,046 Persons | +9.3% |
| 1997 | 155,117 Persons | +5.5% |
| 1999 | 178,189 Persons | +14.9% |
| 2001 | 209,011 Persons | +17.3% |
| 2002 | 232,019 Persons | +11.0% |
| 2003 | 249,969 Persons | +7.7% |
| 2004 | 267,943 Persons | +7.2% |
| 2005 | 282,804 Persons | +5.5% |
| 2006 | 309,893 Persons | +9.6% |
| 2007 | 331,192 Persons | +6.9% |
| 2008 | 352,611 Persons | +6.5% |
| 2009 | 358,803 Persons | +1.8% |
| 2010 | 360,229 Persons | +0.4% |
| 2011 | 353,911 Persons | -1.8% |
| 2012 | 342,901 Persons | -3.1% |
| 2013 | 333,134 Persons | -2.8% |
| 2014 | 332,871 Persons | -0.1% |
| 2015 | 338,179 Persons | +1.6% |
| 2016 | 341,809 Persons | +1.1% |
| 2017 | 354,333 Persons | +3.7% |
| 2018 | 369,291 Persons | +4.2% |
| 2019 | 377,862 Persons | +2.3% |
| 2020 | 378,296 Persons | +0.1% |
| 2021 | 398,661 Persons | +5.4% |
| 2022 | 419,649 Persons | +5.3% |
| 2023 | 431,848 Persons | +2.9% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's 431,848 Persons is above the median for high income countries, which is 132,622 Persons, 3.3× the median. (21 countries reporting)
- Spain's 431,848 Persons is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 136,238 Persons, 3.2× the median. (18 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | 93,808 Persons | 87,797 Persons | 99,819 Persons | 2 |
| 1990s | 135,059 Persons | 108,546 Persons | 178,189 Persons | 8 |
| 2000s | 288,249 Persons | 209,011 Persons | 358,803 Persons | 9 |
| 2010s | 350,452 Persons | 332,871 Persons | 377,862 Persons | 10 |
| 2020s | 407,114 Persons | 378,296 Persons | 431,848 Persons | 4 |
Countries ranked near Spain
- 1 Japan 1.18 million Persons compare
- 2 Türkiye 418,603 Persons compare
- 2 Russian Federation 682,464 Persons compare
- 3 Italy 518,829 Persons compare
- 3 Poland 321,391 Persons compare
- 5 France 390,631 Persons compare
- 5 Croatia 28,059 Persons compare
- 6 Lithuania 25,940 Persons compare
- 6 Chinese Taipei 388,265 Persons compare
- 7 Belgium 164,518 Persons compare
- 7 Slovenia 25,863 Persons compare
More reference data data for Spain
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 3.18 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 2.85 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 11.76 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 0.898 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Agricultural Soils 11.76 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 10.67 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure Management 6.03 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 11.06 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 52.4 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 4.89 (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — r&d in Spain?
- R&d personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — r&d in Spain was 431,848 Persons in 2023, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — r&d recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 431,848 Persons in 2023.
- What is the lowest r&d personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — r&d recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 87,797 Persons in 1988.
- How does Spain rank for r&d personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — r&d?
- Spain ranks 4th out of 25 countries with data for 2023.
- Is r&d personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — r&d rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is up 29.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — R&D Personnel (total economy). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
This table presents research and development (R&D) personnel statistics. Number of R&D personnel is provided in headcounts;D by sex, sector of employment (business enterprise, government, higher education, and private non-profit) and by formal qualification (university and other diplomas by ISCED classification).