How many years of comparable data are there for Poland and Spain?

26 years are reported by both, from 1994 to 2022.

Where does this data come from?

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — R&D Personnel (total economy). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.

Poland vs Spain: R&D personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — R&D

Poland

321,391 Persons

in 2022

Spain

431,848 Persons

in 2023

Poland rank

3rd

Spain rank

4th

R&D personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — R&D over time

Poland
Spain

How they compare

Spain currently reports 431,848 Persons against 321,391 Persons in Poland, a difference of 110,457 Persons.

That makes Spain's figure about 1.3 times Poland's.

Across all 26 years both countries report, Spain has been ahead every year.

Poland ranks 3rd and Spain ranks 4th of 9 countries.

Spain has averaged higher in every one of the 4 decades both report.

Head to head by decade

Decade	Poland	Spain	Difference	Ahead
1990s	123,056 Persons	153,735 Persons	30,679 Persons	Spain
2000s	123,041 Persons	288,249 Persons	165,209 Persons	Spain
2010s	180,923 Persons	350,452 Persons	169,529 Persons	Spain
2020s	303,462 Persons	398,869 Persons	95,407 Persons	Spain

Averages of every year both report within each decade.

Frequently asked questions

Which has higher r&d personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — r&d, Poland or Spain?: Spain, at 431,848 Persons against 321,391 Persons in Poland as of 2023.
What is the difference in r&d personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — r&d between Poland and Spain?: 110,457 Persons, with Spain ahead.
How many years of comparable data are there for Poland and Spain?: 26 years are reported by both, from 1994 to 2022.
How do Poland and Spain rank globally for r&d personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — r&d?: Poland ranks 3rd and Spain ranks 4th of 9 countries.
Where does this data come from?: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — R&D Personnel (total economy). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.

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Poland vs Spain: R&D personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — R&D. Statizoid, drawing on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 13 September 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/compare/r-and-d-personnel-by-sector-of-performance-and-formal-qualification-r-and-d-personnel/poland-2/spain/

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About this data

Indicator: R&D personnel by sector of performance and formal qualification — R&D Personnel (total economy)
Unit: Persons
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Licence: OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage: 34 places, 789 data points, 1981–2024
Last refreshed: 21 August 2026

This table presents research and development (R&D) personnel statistics. Number of R&D personnel is provided in headcounts;D by sex, sector of employment (business enterprise, government, higher education, and private non-profit) and by formal qualification (university and other diplomas by ISCED classification).