Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Upper middle income

Upper middle income: Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index was 0.9855 GPIA in 2019. ▲ Rising

Latest (2019)
0.9855 GPIA
Change on year
up 0.2%
Rank
11th
of 36 groups
All-time high
0.9855 GPIA
in 2019
All-time low
0.7062 GPIA
in 1977
Years of data
44
1976–2019

Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Upper middle income, 1976–2019

00.20.40.60.811976199720191976: 0.707 GPIA1977: 0.706 GPIA1978: 0.712 GPIA1979: 0.717 GPIA1980: 0.718 GPIA1981: 0.729 GPIA1982: 0.737 GPIA1983: 0.743 GPIA1984: 0.752 GPIA1985: 0.76 GPIA1986: 0.768 GPIA1987: 0.773 GPIA1988: 0.816 GPIA1989: 0.824 GPIA1990: 0.831 GPIA1991: 0.839 GPIA1992: 0.846 GPIA1993: 0.853 GPIA1994: 0.86 GPIA1995: 0.867 GPIA1996: 0.873 GPIA1997: 0.922 GPIA1998: 0.927 GPIA1999: 0.932 GPIA2000: 0.939 GPIA2001: 0.939 GPIA2002: 0.944 GPIA2003: 0.948 GPIA2004: 0.951 GPIA2005: 0.955 GPIA2006: 0.956 GPIA2007: 0.962 GPIA2008: 0.965 GPIA2009: 0.97 GPIA2010: 0.972 GPIA2011: 0.973 GPIA2012: 0.975 GPIA2013: 0.976 GPIA2014: 0.978 GPIA2015: 0.98 GPIA2016: 0.981 GPIA2017: 0.983 GPIA2018: 0.984 GPIA2019: 0.986 GPIA

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPIA.

Analysis

In 2019, literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Upper middle income stood at 0.9855 GPIA. That is the highest value across all 44 years on record.

The figure is up 0.2% on the previous year and up 1.6% over ten years.

Over the whole period, literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Upper middle income peaked at 0.9855 GPIA in 2019 and was at its lowest, 0.7062 GPIA, in 1977.

That places Upper middle income 11th out of 36 groups with data for 2019, putting it in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 44 years of available data.

Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Upper middle income, year by year

Annual values for Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) in Upper middle income, 1976 to 2019.
Year GPIA Change
1976 0.7066 GPIA
1977 0.7062 GPIA -0.1%
1978 0.7118 GPIA +0.8%
1979 0.7168 GPIA +0.7%
1980 0.7182 GPIA +0.2%
1981 0.7286 GPIA +1.4%
1982 0.7374 GPIA +1.2%
1983 0.7428 GPIA +0.7%
1984 0.7524 GPIA +1.3%
1985 0.7599 GPIA +1.0%
1986 0.7681 GPIA +1.1%
1987 0.7731 GPIA +0.6%
1988 0.8159 GPIA +5.5%
1989 0.8236 GPIA +0.9%
1990 0.8314 GPIA +0.9%
1991 0.8389 GPIA +0.9%
1992 0.8459 GPIA +0.8%
1993 0.8529 GPIA +0.8%
1994 0.8596 GPIA +0.8%
1995 0.8667 GPIA +0.8%
1996 0.8735 GPIA +0.8%
1997 0.9218 GPIA +5.5%
1998 0.9268 GPIA +0.5%
1999 0.9316 GPIA +0.5%
2000 0.9386 GPIA +0.8%
2001 0.9393 GPIA +0.1%
2002 0.9436 GPIA +0.5%
2003 0.9475 GPIA +0.4%
2004 0.9509 GPIA +0.4%
2005 0.9546 GPIA +0.4%
2006 0.9558 GPIA +0.1%
2007 0.962 GPIA +0.7%
2008 0.9649 GPIA +0.3%
2009 0.9696 GPIA +0.5%
2010 0.9723 GPIA +0.3%
2011 0.9734 GPIA +0.1%
2012 0.975 GPIA +0.2%
2013 0.976 GPIA +0.1%
2014 0.9783 GPIA +0.2%
2015 0.9804 GPIA +0.2%
2016 0.9815 GPIA +0.1%
2017 0.9831 GPIA +0.2%
2018 0.9838 GPIA +0.1%
2019 0.9855 GPIA +0.2%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1970s 0.7103 GPIA 0.7062 GPIA 0.7168 GPIA 4
1980s 0.762 GPIA 0.7182 GPIA 0.8236 GPIA 10
1990s 0.8749 GPIA 0.8314 GPIA 0.9316 GPIA 10
2000s 0.9527 GPIA 0.9386 GPIA 0.9696 GPIA 10
2010s 0.9789 GPIA 0.9723 GPIA 0.9855 GPIA 10

Countries ranked near Upper middle income

  1. 8 Honduras 1.01 GPIA compare
  2. 9 Maldives 1.01 GPIA compare
  3. 10 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 1.01 GPIA compare
  4. 11 Uruguay 1.01 GPIA compare
  5. 12 Argentina 1 GPIA compare
  6. 13 Namibia 1 GPIA compare
  7. 14 Greece 1 GPIA compare

See the full ranking of 120 places →

More reference data data for Upper middle income

All data for Upper middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Upper middle income?
Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Upper middle income was 0.9855 GPIA in 2019, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
What is the highest literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index recorded in Upper middle income?
The highest recorded value was 0.9855 GPIA in 2019.
What is the lowest literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index recorded in Upper middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 0.7062 GPIA in 1977.
How does Upper middle income rank for literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index?
Upper middle income ranks 11th out of 36 groups with data for 2019.
Is literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index rising or falling in Upper middle income?
Over the last ten years it is up 1.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Upper middle income data come from?
The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Upper middle income. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 22 August 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/literacy-rate-population-25-64-years-adjusted-gender-parity-index-gpia/upper-middle-income/

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About this data

Indicator
Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit
GPIA
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
120 places, 2,155 data points, 1970–2019
Last refreshed

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/