Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Lower middle income

Lower middle income: Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index was 0.8139 GPIA in 2019. ▲ Rising

Latest (2019)
0.8139 GPIA
Change on year
up 0.8%
Rank
24th
of 36 groups
All-time high
0.8139 GPIA
in 2019
All-time low
0.5642 GPIA
in 1975
Years of data
45
1975–2019

Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Lower middle income, 1975–2019

00.20.40.60.81975199720191975: 0.564 GPIA1976: 0.564 GPIA1977: 0.566 GPIA1978: 0.569 GPIA1979: 0.574 GPIA1980: 0.576 GPIA1981: 0.583 GPIA1982: 0.585 GPIA1983: 0.589 GPIA1984: 0.594 GPIA1985: 0.598 GPIA1986: 0.6 GPIA1987: 0.607 GPIA1988: 0.615 GPIA1989: 0.621 GPIA1990: 0.624 GPIA1991: 0.635 GPIA1992: 0.632 GPIA1993: 0.635 GPIA1994: 0.64 GPIA1995: 0.645 GPIA1996: 0.651 GPIA1997: 0.658 GPIA1998: 0.677 GPIA1999: 0.682 GPIA2000: 0.683 GPIA2001: 0.693 GPIA2002: 0.695 GPIA2003: 0.699 GPIA2004: 0.704 GPIA2005: 0.696 GPIA2006: 0.716 GPIA2007: 0.71 GPIA2008: 0.718 GPIA2009: 0.724 GPIA2010: 0.754 GPIA2011: 0.762 GPIA2012: 0.765 GPIA2013: 0.769 GPIA2014: 0.78 GPIA2015: 0.787 GPIA2016: 0.795 GPIA2017: 0.801 GPIA2018: 0.807 GPIA2019: 0.814 GPIA

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPIA.

Analysis

Lower middle income recorded 0.8139 GPIA for literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in 2019. That is the highest value across all 45 years on record.

Compared with earlier readings it is up 0.8% on the previous year and up 12.5% over ten years.

Over the whole period, literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Lower middle income peaked at 0.8139 GPIA in 2019 and was at its lowest, 0.5642 GPIA, in 1975.

Lower middle income ranks 24th of 36 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 45 years of available data.

Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Lower middle income, year by year

Annual values for Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) in Lower middle income, 1975 to 2019.
Year GPIA Change
1975 0.5642 GPIA
1976 0.5644 GPIA +0.0%
1977 0.5664 GPIA +0.4%
1978 0.5691 GPIA +0.5%
1979 0.574 GPIA +0.9%
1980 0.5762 GPIA +0.4%
1981 0.5827 GPIA +1.1%
1982 0.5847 GPIA +0.3%
1983 0.5894 GPIA +0.8%
1984 0.5936 GPIA +0.7%
1985 0.598 GPIA +0.7%
1986 0.5997 GPIA +0.3%
1987 0.6073 GPIA +1.3%
1988 0.6149 GPIA +1.2%
1989 0.6211 GPIA +1.0%
1990 0.6243 GPIA +0.5%
1991 0.6346 GPIA +1.7%
1992 0.6323 GPIA -0.4%
1993 0.6346 GPIA +0.4%
1994 0.6398 GPIA +0.8%
1995 0.6455 GPIA +0.9%
1996 0.6511 GPIA +0.9%
1997 0.658 GPIA +1.1%
1998 0.6765 GPIA +2.8%
1999 0.6819 GPIA +0.8%
2000 0.6831 GPIA +0.2%
2001 0.6928 GPIA +1.4%
2002 0.6951 GPIA +0.3%
2003 0.699 GPIA +0.6%
2004 0.7041 GPIA +0.7%
2005 0.696 GPIA -1.1%
2006 0.7158 GPIA +2.8%
2007 0.7096 GPIA -0.9%
2008 0.7176 GPIA +1.1%
2009 0.7235 GPIA +0.8%
2010 0.7545 GPIA +4.3%
2011 0.7619 GPIA +1.0%
2012 0.7649 GPIA +0.4%
2013 0.7687 GPIA +0.5%
2014 0.78 GPIA +1.5%
2015 0.7866 GPIA +0.9%
2016 0.7946 GPIA +1.0%
2017 0.8006 GPIA +0.8%
2018 0.8075 GPIA +0.9%
2019 0.8139 GPIA +0.8%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1970s 0.5676 GPIA 0.5642 GPIA 0.574 GPIA 5
1980s 0.5967 GPIA 0.5762 GPIA 0.6211 GPIA 10
1990s 0.6478 GPIA 0.6243 GPIA 0.6819 GPIA 10
2000s 0.7037 GPIA 0.6831 GPIA 0.7235 GPIA 10
2010s 0.7833 GPIA 0.7545 GPIA 0.8139 GPIA 10

Countries ranked near Lower middle income

  1. 22 Spain 0.9996 GPIA compare
  2. 23 Kazakhstan 0.9991 GPIA compare
  3. 24 Azerbaijan 0.999 GPIA compare
  4. 25 Brunei Darussalam 0.9984 GPIA compare
  5. 26 Jordan 0.9973 GPIA compare
  6. 27 Sri Lanka 0.9971 GPIA compare

See the full ranking of 120 places →

More reference data data for Lower middle income

All data for Lower middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Lower middle income?
Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Lower middle income was 0.8139 GPIA in 2019, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
What is the highest literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index recorded in Lower middle income?
The highest recorded value was 0.8139 GPIA in 2019.
What is the lowest literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index recorded in Lower middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 0.5642 GPIA in 1975.
How does Lower middle income rank for literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index?
Lower middle income ranks 24th out of 36 groups with data for 2019.
Is literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index rising or falling in Lower middle income?
Over the last ten years it is up 12.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Lower middle income data come from?
The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Lower middle income. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 25 August 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/literacy-rate-population-25-64-years-adjusted-gender-parity-index-gpia/lower-middle-income/

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About this data

Indicator
Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit
GPIA
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
120 places, 2,155 data points, 1970–2019
Last refreshed

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/