Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Pre-demographic dividend

Pre-demographic dividend: Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity was 0.9215 GPI in 2019. ▲ Rising

Latest (2019)
0.9215 GPI
Change on year
up 0.2%
Rank
42nd
of 43 groups
All-time high
0.9215 GPI
in 2019
All-time low
0.8029 GPI
in 1998
Years of data
23
1997–2019

Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Pre-demographic dividend, 1997–2019

00.20.40.60.811997200820191997: 0.805 GPI1998: 0.803 GPI1999: 0.81 GPI2000: 0.813 GPI2001: 0.818 GPI2002: 0.815 GPI2003: 0.826 GPI2004: 0.821 GPI2005: 0.839 GPI2006: 0.848 GPI2007: 0.854 GPI2008: 0.863 GPI2009: 0.871 GPI2010: 0.879 GPI2011: 0.882 GPI2012: 0.898 GPI2013: 0.907 GPI2014: 0.912 GPI2015: 0.921 GPI2016: 0.918 GPI2017: 0.92 GPI2018: 0.92 GPI2019: 0.922 GPI

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPI.

Analysis

In 2019, gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Pre-demographic dividend stood at 0.9215 GPI. That is the highest value across all 23 years on record.

That represents a change of up 0.2% on the previous year and up 5.8% over ten years.

Over the whole period, gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Pre-demographic dividend peaked at 0.9215 GPI in 2019 and was at its lowest, 0.8029 GPI, in 1998.

Pre-demographic dividend ranks 42nd of 43 groups on this measure, in the bottom quarter.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 23 years of available data.

Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Pre-demographic dividend, year by year

Annual values for Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity index (GPI) in Pre-demographic dividend, 1997 to 2019.
Year GPI Change
1997 0.8054 GPI
1998 0.8029 GPI -0.3%
1999 0.8099 GPI +0.9%
2000 0.8127 GPI +0.3%
2001 0.8183 GPI +0.7%
2002 0.8154 GPI -0.4%
2003 0.8264 GPI +1.3%
2004 0.8208 GPI -0.7%
2005 0.8391 GPI +2.2%
2006 0.8476 GPI +1.0%
2007 0.8536 GPI +0.7%
2008 0.8632 GPI +1.1%
2009 0.8708 GPI +0.9%
2010 0.8793 GPI +1.0%
2011 0.8822 GPI +0.3%
2012 0.8984 GPI +1.8%
2013 0.907 GPI +1.0%
2014 0.9116 GPI +0.5%
2015 0.9207 GPI +1.0%
2016 0.9178 GPI -0.3%
2017 0.92 GPI +0.2%
2018 0.9195 GPI -0.0%
2019 0.9215 GPI +0.2%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s 0.8061 GPI 0.8029 GPI 0.8099 GPI 3
2000s 0.8368 GPI 0.8127 GPI 0.8708 GPI 10
2010s 0.9078 GPI 0.8793 GPI 0.9215 GPI 10

Countries ranked near Pre-demographic dividend

  1. 39 Ukraine 1.01 GPI compare
  2. 40 Ireland 1.01 GPI compare
  3. 41 Comoros 1.01 GPI compare
  4. 42 Azerbaijan 1.01 GPI compare
  5. 43 Nicaragua 1.01 GPI compare
  6. 44 Israel 1.01 GPI compare
  7. 45 China 1.01 GPI compare

See the full ranking of 233 places →

More reference data data for Pre-demographic dividend

All data for Pre-demographic dividend →

Frequently asked questions

What is gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Pre-demographic dividend?
Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Pre-demographic dividend was 0.9215 GPI in 2019, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
What is the highest gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity recorded in Pre-demographic dividend?
The highest recorded value was 0.9215 GPI in 2019.
What is the lowest gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity recorded in Pre-demographic dividend?
The lowest recorded value was 0.8029 GPI in 1998.
How does Pre-demographic dividend rank for gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity?
Pre-demographic dividend ranks 42nd out of 43 groups with data for 2019.
Is gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity rising or falling in Pre-demographic dividend?
Over the last ten years it is up 5.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Pre-demographic dividend data come from?
The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity index (GPI). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Pre-demographic dividend. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 28 August 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/gross-enrolment-ratio-primary-and-lower-secondary-gender-parity-index-gpi/pre-demographic-dividend/

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About this data

Indicator
Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity index (GPI)
Unit
GPI
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
233 places, 4,500 data points, 1981–2020
Last refreshed

Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for primary and lower secondary to male gross enrolment ratio for primary and lower secondary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.