Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Middle income

Middle income: Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity was 0.9973 GPI in 2019. ▲ Rising

Latest (2019)
0.9973 GPI
Change on year
up 0.0%
Rank
16th
of 43 groups
All-time high
1.02 GPI
in 2016
All-time low
0.8978 GPI
in 1994
Years of data
26
1994–2019

Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Middle income, 1994–2019

00.250.50.7511994200620191994: 0.898 GPI1995: 0.902 GPI1996: 0.908 GPI1997: 0.916 GPI1998: 0.918 GPI1999: 0.921 GPI2000: 0.924 GPI2001: 0.931 GPI2002: 0.936 GPI2003: 0.959 GPI2004: 0.961 GPI2005: 0.962 GPI2006: 0.966 GPI2007: 0.97 GPI2008: 0.979 GPI2009: 0.986 GPI2010: 0.986 GPI2011: 0.989 GPI2012: 0.995 GPI2013: 1 GPI2014: 1 GPI2015: 1 GPI2016: 1 GPI2017: 1 GPI2018: 0.997 GPI2019: 0.997 GPI

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPI.

Analysis

Middle income recorded 0.9973 GPI for gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in 2019.

That represents a change of up 1.2% over ten years.

Over the whole period, gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Middle income peaked at 1.02 GPI in 2016 and was at its lowest, 0.8978 GPI, in 1994.

That places Middle income 16th out of 43 groups with data for 2019, putting it in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 26 years of available data.

Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Middle income, year by year

Annual values for Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity index (GPI) in Middle income, 1994 to 2019.
Year GPI Change
1994 0.8978 GPI
1995 0.9016 GPI +0.4%
1996 0.9077 GPI +0.7%
1997 0.9158 GPI +0.9%
1998 0.918 GPI +0.2%
1999 0.9211 GPI +0.3%
2000 0.9244 GPI +0.4%
2001 0.9309 GPI +0.7%
2002 0.9357 GPI +0.5%
2003 0.9585 GPI +2.4%
2004 0.9605 GPI +0.2%
2005 0.9625 GPI +0.2%
2006 0.9662 GPI +0.4%
2007 0.9701 GPI +0.4%
2008 0.979 GPI +0.9%
2009 0.9857 GPI +0.7%
2010 0.9862 GPI +0.1%
2011 0.9895 GPI +0.3%
2012 0.9946 GPI +0.5%
2013 1.01 GPI +2.0%
2014 1.01 GPI +0.0%
2015 1.01 GPI -0.0%
2016 1.02 GPI +0.7%
2017 1.02 GPI -0.3%
2018 0.9972 GPI -2.1%
2019 0.9973 GPI +0.0%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s 0.9103 GPI 0.8978 GPI 0.9211 GPI 6
2000s 0.9574 GPI 0.9244 GPI 0.9857 GPI 10
2010s 1 GPI 0.9862 GPI 1.02 GPI 10

Countries ranked near Middle income

  1. 13 Tanzania, United Republic of 1.04 GPI compare
  2. 14 Albania 1.03 GPI compare
  3. 15 Hong Kong 1.03 GPI compare
  4. 16 Iran 1.03 GPI compare
  5. 17 Naoero 1.03 GPI compare
  6. 18 India 1.03 GPI compare
  7. 19 Viet Nam 1.02 GPI compare

See the full ranking of 233 places →

More reference data data for Middle income

All data for Middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Middle income?
Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Middle income was 0.9973 GPI in 2019, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
What is the highest gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity recorded in Middle income?
The highest recorded value was 1.02 GPI in 2016.
What is the lowest gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity recorded in Middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 0.8978 GPI in 1994.
How does Middle income rank for gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity?
Middle income ranks 16th out of 43 groups with data for 2019.
Is gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity rising or falling in Middle income?
Over the last ten years it is up 1.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Middle income data come from?
The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity index (GPI). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity in Middle income. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 29 August 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/gross-enrolment-ratio-primary-and-lower-secondary-gender-parity-index-gpi/middle-income/

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About this data

Indicator
Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity index (GPI)
Unit
GPI
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
233 places, 4,500 data points, 1981–2020
Last refreshed

Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for primary and lower secondary to male gross enrolment ratio for primary and lower secondary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.