Average annual surface temperature in Canada
Canada: Average annual surface temperature was -2.55 °C in 2025. ▲ Rising
Latest (2025)
-2.55 °C
Change on year
down 46.0%
World rank
192nd
of 193 countries
All-time high
-1.69 °C
in 2010
All-time low
-6.77 °C
in 1972
Years of data
86
1940–2025
Average annual surface temperature in Canada, 1940–2025
Source: Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information (2026) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in °C.
Analysis
The most recent figure for average annual surface temperature in Canada is -2.55 °C, measured in 2025.
The figure is down 46.0% on the previous year and up 27.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, average annual surface temperature in Canada peaked at -1.69 °C in 2010 and was at its lowest, -6.77 °C, in 1972.
That places Canada 192nd out of 193 countries with data for 2025, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 86 years of available data.
Average annual surface temperature in Canada, year by year
| Year | °C | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1940 | -3.98 °C | — |
| 1941 | -4.62 °C | +16.1% |
| 1942 | -4.28 °C | -7.4% |
| 1943 | -4.18 °C | -2.4% |
| 1944 | -3.57 °C | -14.6% |
| 1945 | -5.04 °C | +41.3% |
| 1946 | -4.86 °C | -3.7% |
| 1947 | -4.35 °C | -10.4% |
| 1948 | -5.05 °C | +16.0% |
| 1949 | -5.08 °C | +0.7% |
| 1950 | -5.98 °C | +17.6% |
| 1951 | -5.42 °C | -9.2% |
| 1952 | -4.01 °C | -26.1% |
| 1953 | -4 °C | -0.1% |
| 1954 | -4.7 °C | +17.3% |
| 1955 | -4.86 °C | +3.5% |
| 1956 | -5.62 °C | +15.6% |
| 1957 | -4.87 °C | -13.3% |
| 1958 | -4.24 °C | -12.8% |
| 1959 | -5.18 °C | +22.2% |
| 1960 | -4.35 °C | -16.1% |
| 1961 | -4.95 °C | +13.8% |
| 1962 | -4.83 °C | -2.4% |
| 1963 | -4.58 °C | -5.1% |
| 1964 | -5.32 °C | +16.1% |
| 1965 | -5.46 °C | +2.7% |
| 1966 | -5.07 °C | -7.1% |
| 1967 | -5.37 °C | +5.8% |
| 1968 | -4.62 °C | -14.0% |
| 1969 | -4.33 °C | -6.3% |
| 1970 | -4.97 °C | +14.9% |
| 1971 | -4.78 °C | -3.9% |
| 1972 | -6.77 °C | +41.6% |
| 1973 | -4.01 °C | -40.7% |
| 1974 | -5.59 °C | +39.3% |
| 1975 | -4.91 °C | -12.2% |
| 1976 | -4.78 °C | -2.7% |
| 1977 | -3.84 °C | -19.5% |
| 1978 | -5.32 °C | +38.4% |
| 1979 | -4.94 °C | -7.1% |
| 1980 | -4.34 °C | -12.1% |
| 1981 | -2.74 °C | -36.8% |
| 1982 | -5.74 °C | +109.2% |
| 1983 | -4.62 °C | -19.5% |
| 1984 | -4.46 °C | -3.4% |
| 1985 | -4.78 °C | +7.2% |
| 1986 | -4.78 °C | -0.1% |
| 1987 | -3.23 °C | -32.4% |
| 1988 | -4.08 °C | +26.2% |
| 1989 | -4.94 °C | +21.2% |
| 1990 | -4.97 °C | +0.6% |
| 1991 | -4.31 °C | -13.2% |
| 1992 | -4.91 °C | +13.9% |
| 1993 | -4.37 °C | -11.0% |
| 1994 | -4.28 °C | -2.0% |
| 1995 | -4.19 °C | -2.2% |
| 1996 | -4.83 °C | +15.2% |
| 1997 | -4.17 °C | -13.6% |
| 1998 | -2.51 °C | -39.7% |
| 1999 | -3.23 °C | +28.4% |
| 2000 | -4.05 °C | +25.4% |
| 2001 | -3.03 °C | -25.1% |
| 2002 | -4.27 °C | +41.0% |
| 2003 | -3.72 °C | -13.0% |
| 2004 | -4.76 °C | +28.2% |
| 2005 | -3.17 °C | -33.6% |
| 2006 | -2.27 °C | -28.2% |
| 2007 | -3.95 °C | +73.7% |
| 2008 | -4.15 °C | +5.1% |
| 2009 | -3.97 °C | -4.2% |
| 2010 | -1.69 °C | -57.5% |
| 2011 | -3.39 °C | +100.9% |
| 2012 | -2.94 °C | -13.5% |
| 2013 | -3.98 °C | +35.4% |
| 2014 | -4.11 °C | +3.3% |
| 2015 | -3.51 °C | -14.6% |
| 2016 | -2.65 °C | -24.6% |
| 2017 | -3.21 °C | +21.4% |
| 2018 | -4.21 °C | +30.9% |
| 2019 | -3.62 °C | -14.0% |
| 2020 | -3.56 °C | -1.8% |
| 2021 | -2.75 °C | -22.5% |
| 2022 | -3.57 °C | +29.8% |
| 2023 | -1.81 °C | -49.5% |
| 2024 | -1.75 °C | -3.3% |
| 2025 | -2.55 °C | +46.0% |
Canada compared with similar countries
- Canada's -2.55 °C is below the median for high income countries, which is 12.86 °C. (65 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1940s | -4.5 °C | -5.08 °C | -3.57 °C | 10 |
| 1950s | -4.89 °C | -5.98 °C | -4 °C | 10 |
| 1960s | -4.89 °C | -5.46 °C | -4.33 °C | 10 |
| 1970s | -4.99 °C | -6.77 °C | -3.84 °C | 10 |
| 1980s | -4.37 °C | -5.74 °C | -2.74 °C | 10 |
| 1990s | -4.18 °C | -4.97 °C | -2.51 °C | 10 |
| 2000s | -3.73 °C | -4.76 °C | -2.27 °C | 10 |
| 2010s | -3.33 °C | -4.21 °C | -1.69 °C | 10 |
| 2020s | -2.66 °C | -3.57 °C | -1.75 °C | 6 |
Countries ranked near Canada
More reference data data for Canada
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 2.05 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 3.92 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 20.47 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 2.92 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Agricultural Soils 20.47 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 6.86 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure Management 7.45 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 22.03 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 99.83 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 15.88 (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is average annual surface temperature in Canada?
- Average annual surface temperature in Canada was -2.55 °C in 2025, according to Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information (2026) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest average annual surface temperature recorded in Canada?
- The highest recorded value was -1.69 °C in 2010.
- What is the lowest average annual surface temperature recorded in Canada?
- The lowest recorded value was -6.77 °C in 1972.
- How does Canada rank for average annual surface temperature?
- Canada ranks 192nd out of 193 countries with data for 2025.
- Is average annual surface temperature rising or falling in Canada?
- Over the last ten years it is up 27.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Canada data come from?
- The figures come from Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information (2026) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Average annual surface temperature. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 86 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Temperature of the air measured 2 meters above the ground, encompassing land, sea, and in-land water surfaces.