School life expectancy, pre-primary, gender parity index (GPI) by country

Ratio of female school life expectancy to the male school life expectancy. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a...

Countries reporting

185

Highest

1.31 GPI

Somalia

Lowest

0.786 GPI

Afghanistan

Median

1.01 GPI

Years covered

1970–2020

Data points

7,031

What the numbers show

School life expectancy, pre-primary, gender parity index (GPI) is currently reported for 185 countries. The highest value is 1.31 GPI in Somalia; the lowest is 0.786 GPI in Afghanistan.

The median across all reporting countries is 1.01 GPI, and the mean is 1.01 GPI.

The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 2.

Over the past decade 85 countries rose and 94 fell. The largest increase was in Somalia (up 52.7%), and the largest decrease in Cayman Islands (down 26.3%).

School life expectancy, pre-primary, gender parity index: full country ranking

#	Country	Latest	Year	10-year change	Trend
1	Somalia	1.31 GPI	1986	up 52.7%	rising
2	Georgia	1.2 GPI	2007	up 11.5%	rising
3	Turks and Caicos Islands	1.18 GPI	2018	up 14.4%	flat
4	Palau	1.17 GPI	2014	down 2.5%	flat
5	Senegal	1.12 GPI	2019	down 1.5%	rising
6	Azerbaijan	1.12 GPI	2019	up 11.2%	rising
7	Antigua and Barbuda	1.11 GPI	2018	up 12.0%	falling
8	Sierra Leone	1.11 GPI	2019	up 6.2%	rising
9	Madagascar	1.1 GPI	2019	up 7.3%	rising
10	Gibraltar	1.1 GPI	2019	—	rising
11	Sao Tome and Principe	1.09 GPI	2016	up 5.2%	flat
12	Gambia	1.08 GPI	2019	up 3.7%	rising
13	Bahamas	1.08 GPI	2018	up 6.1%	rising
14	Fiji	1.08 GPI	2009	up 6.1%	rising
15	Bahrain	1.07 GPI	2019	up 6.3%	rising
16	American Samoa	1.07 GPI	1990	up 22.2%	flat
17	Tonga	1.07 GPI	2015	down 23.6%	falling
18	Dominica	1.06 GPI	2019	up 3.0%	falling
19	Maldives	1.06 GPI	2019	up 2.1%	rising
20	Guinea-Bissau	1.06 GPI	2010	up 1.6%	volatile
21	Kuwait	1.06 GPI	2019	up 8.0%	rising
22	Niger	1.06 GPI	2019	up 13.1%	flat
23	Sri Lanka	1.06 GPI	2018	down 3.6%	flat
24	Samoa	1.06 GPI	2019	down 4.7%	flat
25	Ecuador	1.05 GPI	2018	down 3.1%	flat
26	Suriname	1.05 GPI	2019	down 0.2%	flat
27	Democratic Republic of Congo	1.05 GPI	2018	down 0.5%	rising
28	Saudi Arabia	1.05 GPI	2019	up 11.2%	rising
29	Cambodia	1.05 GPI	2019	down 0.1%	flat
30	Central African Republic	1.04 GPI	2017	down 4.0%	rising
31	Burundi	1.04 GPI	2019	down 1.4%	rising
32	Armenia	1.04 GPI	2019	down 8.9%	falling
33	Rwanda	1.04 GPI	2019	up 4.6%	rising
34	India	1.04 GPI	2019	—	rising
35	Hong Kong	1.04 GPI	2019	down 0.9%	rising
36	Lesotho	1.04 GPI	2016	down 1.6%	flat
37	East Timor	1.04 GPI	2019	down 2.9%	flat
38	Bangladesh	1.04 GPI	2018	up 3.1%	falling
39	Uganda	1.04 GPI	2017	down 0.6%	flat
40	Jamaica	1.04 GPI	2019	down 0.1%	falling
41	Honduras	1.04 GPI	2019	down 2.9%	flat
42	Namibia	1.04 GPI	2018	up 4.7%	flat
43	Grenada	1.04 GPI	2018	down 0.3%	falling
44	Mali	1.04 GPI	2018	up 0.2%	rising
45	Botswana	1.03 GPI	2015	up 3.4%	flat
46	Malaysia	1.03 GPI	2019	down 4.4%	rising
47	Comoros	1.03 GPI	2018	up 7.1%	rising
48	Nicaragua	1.03 GPI	2010	down 1.0%	falling
49	Iran	1.03 GPI	2016	down 5.9%	rising
50	Togo	1.03 GPI	2019	down 1.1%	rising
51	Laos	1.03 GPI	2019	down 0.8%	rising
52	Belize	1.03 GPI	2019	down 1.6%	falling
53	Cote d'Ivoire	1.03 GPI	2019	up 5.5%	rising
54	Nauru	1.03 GPI	2019	up 1.0%	flat
55	French Polynesia	1.03 GPI	1996	up 1.5%	flat
56	British Virgin Islands	1.03 GPI	2018	up 3.9%	flat
57	Mexico	1.03 GPI	2018	up 1.3%	flat
58	Benin	1.03 GPI	2019	down 2.5%	rising
59	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1.02 GPI	2018	up 2.4%	flat
60	Panama	1.02 GPI	2017	up 4.1%	falling
61	Vietnam	1.02 GPI	2019	up 4.5%	falling
62	Dominican Republic	1.02 GPI	2019	up 14.1%	flat
63	El Salvador	1.02 GPI	2018	down 0.8%	falling
64	Zimbabwe	1.02 GPI	2013	up 23.2%	falling
65	Cameroon	1.02 GPI	2019	down 0.8%	rising
66	North Macedonia	1.02 GPI	2018	up 2.0%	rising
67	Sudan	1.02 GPI	2017	down 0.6%	flat
68	Trinidad and Tobago	1.02 GPI	2019	up 2.2%	flat
69	Guatemala	1.02 GPI	2019	down 1.3%	rising
70	Kazakhstan	1.02 GPI	2019	up 3.7%	rising
71	Myanmar	1.02 GPI	2018	down 0.9%	flat
72	Equatorial Guinea	1.02 GPI	2015	up 21.5%	falling
73	Tunisia	1.02 GPI	2016	up 2.0%	rising
74	Netherlands	1.02 GPI	2018	up 1.2%	flat
75	Oman	1.02 GPI	2019	up 2.5%	rising
76	Algeria	1.02 GPI	2011	up 2.3%	flat
77	Solomon Islands	1.02 GPI	2018	up 2.6%	rising
78	Bolivia	1.02 GPI	2018	up 1.4%	flat
79	Seychelles	1.02 GPI	2019	down 1.4%	falling
80	Saint Lucia	1.02 GPI	2019	down 0.6%	flat
81	United States	1.02 GPI	2018	down 0.6%	flat
82	Ghana	1.01 GPI	2019	down 1.6%	flat
83	Argentina	1.01 GPI	2017	down 0.4%	flat
84	Venezuela	1.01 GPI	2017	up 1.0%	flat
85	Marshall Islands	1.01 GPI	2019	up 12.9%	flat
86	Paraguay	1.01 GPI	2016	down 0.1%	falling
87	Brunei	1.01 GPI	2019	down 0.1%	flat
88	Iceland	1.01 GPI	2018	up 1.5%	flat
89	South Africa	1.01 GPI	2018	down 0.7%	flat
90	Greece	1.01 GPI	2018	up 0.8%	flat
91	Cape Verde	1.01 GPI	2018	up 0.2%	rising
92	Liberia	1.01 GPI	2017	—	rising
93	Brazil	1.01 GPI	2017	—	flat
94	Romania	1.01 GPI	2018	down 0.0%	flat
95	South Korea	1 GPI	2018	up 0.5%	rising
96	San Marino	1 GPI	2019	up 6.9%	flat
97	Kyrgyzstan	1 GPI	2019	up 1.1%	rising
98	Belgium	1 GPI	2018	up 1.0%	flat
99	Peru	1 GPI	2019	down 1.7%	falling
100	Uruguay	1 GPI	2018	down 0.8%	falling
101	Costa Rica	1 GPI	2019	up 0.4%	flat
102	Norway	1 GPI	2018	down 0.0%	falling
103	Colombia	1 GPI	2018	up 0.5%	falling
104	China	1 GPI	2019	up 5.9%	rising
105	Egypt	1 GPI	2019	up 3.9%	falling
106	Tanzania	1 GPI	2019	down 2.9%	flat
107	Thailand	1 GPI	2019	up 0.3%	flat
108	Iraq	0.9997 GPI	2007	up 0.8%	rising
109	United Kingdom	0.9993 GPI	2018	down 2.0%	flat
110	Spain	0.999 GPI	2018	down 0.6%	falling
111	Albania	0.999 GPI	2019	down 1.8%	falling
112	Mongolia	0.998 GPI	2018	down 6.6%	falling
113	Serbia	0.9971 GPI	2019	down 0.7%	flat
114	Poland	0.9969 GPI	2018	down 1.3%	flat
115	France	0.9967 GPI	2018	up 0.2%	flat
116	Burkina Faso	0.9964 GPI	2019	down 1.6%	rising
117	Mauritius	0.996 GPI	2019	down 3.2%	rising
118	Canada	0.9956 GPI	1996	down 0.5%	flat
119	Bhutan	0.9956 GPI	2020	up 6.6%	flat
120	Qatar	0.9938 GPI	2019	up 4.7%	rising
121	Finland	0.9937 GPI	2018	up 0.1%	flat
122	Palestine	0.9936 GPI	2019	up 1.6%	flat
123	Sweden	0.9936 GPI	2018	down 0.4%	flat
124	Israel	0.993 GPI	2018	down 0.8%	flat
125	Lithuania	0.9921 GPI	2018	up 0.1%	flat
126	Jordan	0.992 GPI	2019	up 6.4%	rising
127	Germany	0.992 GPI	2018	up 0.3%	flat
128	Eritrea	0.9919 GPI	2018	up 1.1%	flat
129	Bulgaria	0.9917 GPI	2018	up 0.3%	flat
130	Croatia	0.9916 GPI	2018	up 2.7%	flat
131	Latvia	0.991 GPI	2018	up 1.4%	flat
132	Austria	0.9901 GPI	2018	down 0.4%	flat
133	Congo	0.9899 GPI	2012	down 8.4%	rising
135	Estonia	0.9893 GPI	2018	down 0.7%	flat
136	Portugal	0.989 GPI	2018	down 0.6%	flat
137	Cuba	0.9878 GPI	2019	down 0.2%	rising
138	Lebanon	0.9872 GPI	1985	up 7.0%	rising
139	Barbados	0.9867 GPI	2019	down 3.1%	falling
140	Papua New Guinea	0.9841 GPI	2016	up 1.8%	rising
141	Nigeria	0.9839 GPI	2010	up 4.8%	flat
142	Slovenia	0.9832 GPI	2018	up 1.1%	flat
143	Chile	0.982 GPI	2018	down 6.4%	falling
143	Moldova	0.982 GPI	2019	down 0.3%	rising
146	Switzerland	0.9802 GPI	2018	down 2.1%	flat
147	Denmark	0.9797 GPI	2018	down 1.1%	flat
148	New Zealand	0.9794 GPI	2018	—	flat
149	Micronesia (country)	0.9792 GPI	2019	—	falling
150	Slovakia	0.9787 GPI	2018	up 0.8%	flat
151	Aruba	0.9784 GPI	2014	down 5.5%	flat
152	Italy	0.9784 GPI	2018	down 0.5%	flat
153	Russia	0.9782 GPI	2018	down 1.3%	rising
154	Cayman Islands	0.9772 GPI	2018	down 26.3%	flat
155	Libya	0.9749 GPI	2006	down 0.4%	rising
156	Czechia	0.9749 GPI	2018	up 0.6%	falling
157	Ukraine	0.9748 GPI	2013	up 0.3%	rising
158	Kenya	0.9736 GPI	2016	up 3.4%	flat
159	Macao	0.9719 GPI	2019	down 0.6%	flat
161	Cyprus	0.9692 GPI	2018	down 1.8%	flat
162	Vanuatu	0.9691 GPI	2015	down 2.5%	falling
163	Hungary	0.9683 GPI	2018	down 1.6%	flat
164	Philippines	0.9665 GPI	2018	down 6.5%	falling
165	Belarus	0.9633 GPI	2018	down 1.4%	rising
166	Chad	0.9619 GPI	2019	up 5.7%	rising
167	Syria	0.9613 GPI	2013	up 2.2%	rising
168	Turkey	0.9607 GPI	2018	up 0.7%	rising
169	Guyana	0.9606 GPI	2012	down 4.2%	falling
170	Australia	0.9565 GPI	2018	down 1.9%	flat
171	Guinea	0.9558 GPI	2011	down 2.5%	rising
172	United Arab Emirates	0.9518 GPI	2017	down 2.9%	rising
173	Ethiopia	0.9477 GPI	2015	down 2.0%	falling
174	Montenegro	0.9476 GPI	2019	down 5.6%	falling
175	Uzbekistan	0.9401 GPI	2019	down 7.4%	rising
177	Nepal	0.9075 GPI	2019	down 5.3%	rising
178	Indonesia	0.9031 GPI	2018	down 12.4%	falling
179	Yemen	0.8972 GPI	2016	up 5.7%	flat
180	Tuvalu	0.8885 GPI	2019	down 22.6%	falling
181	Morocco	0.8882 GPI	2019	up 15.1%	rising
182	Angola	0.8873 GPI	2016	down 25.0%	rising
183	Tajikistan	0.8638 GPI	2017	down 4.9%	flat
184	Pakistan	0.8603 GPI	2019	down 4.4%	rising
185	Djibouti	0.8577 GPI	2020	down 19.9%	falling
186	Mozambique	0.8531 GPI	1986	down 24.0%	falling
187	Bermuda	0.8495 GPI	2015	down 8.2%	falling
188	Saint Kitts and Nevis	0.7984 GPI	2016	down 21.5%	falling
189	Afghanistan	0.786 GPI	2003	down 21.8%	flat

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

Caribbean Small States 1.02 GPI
Other small states 1.02 GPI
Small states 1.02 GPI
North America 1.01 GPI
Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 1.01 GPI
Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.01 GPI
Latin America & Caribbean 1.01 GPI
Pacific island small states 1.01 GPI
Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 1.01 GPI
IDA only 1.01 GPI
South Asia 1.01 GPI
South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 1.01 GPI

About this data

Indicator: School life expectancy, pre-primary, gender parity index (GPI)
Unit: GPI
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence: CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage: 234 places, 7,031 data points, 1970–2020
Last refreshed: 07 August 2026