Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Romania

Romania: Over-qualification rates by citizenship was 15.6% in 2025. ▲ Rising

Latest (2025)
15.6%
Change on year
up 0.6%
World rank
37th
of 45 countries
All-time high
18.7%
in 2015
All-time low
8.8%
in 2006
Years of data
29
1997–2025

Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Romania, 1997–2025

051015201997201120251997: 14.4 Percentage1998: 10.5 Percentage1999: 11 Percentage2000: 11.3 Percentage2001: 12.2 Percentage2002: 10.3 Percentage2003: 10.4 Percentage2004: 10.6 Percentage2005: 9.4 Percentage2006: 8.8 Percentage2007: 9.1 Percentage2008: 9.6 Percentage2009: 11.1 Percentage2010: 11.4 Percentage2011: 12.6 Percentage2012: 14.7 Percentage2013: 17.5 Percentage2014: 17.9 Percentage2015: 18.7 Percentage2016: 17.2 Percentage2017: 17.7 Percentage2018: 18 Percentage2019: 16.2 Percentage2020: 17.2 Percentage2021: 16.2 Percentage2022: 16.5 Percentage2023: 16 Percentage2024: 15.5 Percentage2025: 15.6 Percentage

Source: Eurostat. Measured in Percentage.

Analysis

In 2025, over-qualification rates by citizenship in Romania stood at 15.6%.

That represents a change of up 0.6% on the previous year and down 16.6% over ten years.

Over the whole period, over-qualification rates by citizenship in Romania peaked at 18.7% in 2015 and was at its lowest, 8.8%, in 2006.

Romania ranks 37th of 45 countries on this measure, in the bottom quarter.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 29 years of available data.

Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Romania, year by year

Annual values for Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Romania, 1997 to 2025.
Year Percentage Change
1997 14.4% —
1998 10.5% -27.1%
1999 11.0% +4.8%
2000 11.3% +2.7%
2001 12.2% +8.0%
2002 10.3% -15.6%
2003 10.4% +1.0%
2004 10.6% +1.9%
2005 9.4% -11.3%
2006 8.8% -6.4%
2007 9.1% +3.4%
2008 9.6% +5.5%
2009 11.1% +15.6%
2010 11.4% +2.7%
2011 12.6% +10.5%
2012 14.7% +16.7%
2013 17.5% +19.0%
2014 17.9% +2.3%
2015 18.7% +4.5%
2016 17.2% -8.0%
2017 17.7% +2.9%
2018 18.0% +1.7%
2019 16.2% -10.0%
2020 17.2% +6.2%
2021 16.2% -5.8%
2022 16.5% +1.9%
2023 16.0% -3.0%
2024 15.5% -3.1%
2025 15.6% +0.6%

Romania compared with similar countries

  • Romania's 15.6% is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 20.1%, 77% of the median. (34 countries reporting)
  • Romania's 15.6% is below the median for high income countries, which is 20.0%, 78% of the median. (31 countries reporting)

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s 12.0% 10.5% 14.4% 3
2000s 10.3% 8.8% 12.2% 10
2010s 16.2% 11.4% 18.7% 10
2020s 16.2% 15.5% 17.2% 6

Countries ranked near Romania

  1. 34 Finland 16.9% compare
  2. 35 Denmark 16.3% compare
  3. 36 Portugal 16.1% compare
  4. 38 Sweden 14.9% compare
  5. 39 Hungary 14.3% compare
  6. 40 Netherlands 14.1% compare
  7. 40 Netherlands 14.1% compare

See the full ranking of 47 places →

More reference data data for Romania

All data for Romania →

Frequently asked questions

What is over-qualification rates by citizenship in Romania?
Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Romania was 15.6% in 2025, according to Eurostat.
What is the highest over-qualification rates by citizenship recorded in Romania?
The highest recorded value was 18.7% in 2015.
What is the lowest over-qualification rates by citizenship recorded in Romania?
The lowest recorded value was 8.8% in 2006.
How does Romania rank for over-qualification rates by citizenship?
Romania ranks 37th out of 45 countries with data for 2025.
Is over-qualification rates by citizenship rising or falling in Romania?
Over the last ten years it is down 16.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Romania data come from?
The figures come from Eurostat, published as part of Over-qualification rates by citizenship. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Romania. Statizoid, drawing on Eurostat. Retrieved 25 September 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/over-qualification-rates-by-citizenship/romania/

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About this data

Indicator
Over-qualification rates by citizenship
Unit
Percentage
Source
Eurostat
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (Eurostat)
Coverage
47 places, 1,261 data points, 1995–2025
Last refreshed