Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026)

Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026): Over-qualification rates by citizenship was 22.5% in 2025. ▲ Rising

Latest (2025)
22.5%
Change on year
down 0.4%
Rank
1st
of 2 regions
All-time high
23.5%
in 2022
All-time low
20.5%
in 2011
Years of data
24
2002–2025

Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026), 2002–2025

05101520252002201320252002: 21.8 Percentage2003: 21.6 Percentage2004: 21.5 Percentage2005: 22.1 Percentage2006: 22.1 Percentage2007: 22 Percentage2008: 21.9 Percentage2009: 21.7 Percentage2010: 21.6 Percentage2011: 20.5 Percentage2012: 21.8 Percentage2013: 22 Percentage2014: 22.8 Percentage2015: 22.9 Percentage2016: 22.9 Percentage2017: 23.2 Percentage2018: 23.3 Percentage2019: 23.1 Percentage2020: 22.9 Percentage2021: 23.1 Percentage2022: 23.5 Percentage2023: 23.2 Percentage2024: 22.6 Percentage2025: 22.5 Percentage

Source: Eurostat. Measured in Percentage.

Analysis

In 2025, over-qualification rates by citizenship in Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026) stood at 22.5%.

Compared with earlier readings it is down 0.4% on the previous year and down 1.7% over ten years.

Over the whole period, over-qualification rates by citizenship in Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026) peaked at 23.5% in 2022 and was at its lowest, 20.5%, in 2011.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 24 years of available data.

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
2000s 21.8% 21.5% 22.1% 8
2010s 22.4% 20.5% 23.3% 10
2020s 23.0% 22.5% 23.5% 6

Countries ranked near Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026)

  1. 1 Türkiye 36.1% compare
  2. 2 Spain 33.8% compare
  3. 3 Greece 31.2% compare
  4. 4 Cyprus 27.4% compare

See the full ranking of 38 places →

More reference data data for Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026)

All data for Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026) →

Frequently asked questions

What is over-qualification rates by citizenship in Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026)?
Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026) was 22.5% in 2025, according to Eurostat.
What is the highest over-qualification rates by citizenship recorded in Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026)?
The highest recorded value was 23.5% in 2022.
What is the lowest over-qualification rates by citizenship recorded in Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026)?
The lowest recorded value was 20.5% in 2011.
How does Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026) rank for over-qualification rates by citizenship?
Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026) ranks 1st out of 2 regions with data for 2025.
Is over-qualification rates by citizenship rising or falling in Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026)?
Over the last ten years it is down 1.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Euro area – 21 countries (from 2026) data come from?
The figures come from Eurostat, published as part of Over-qualification rates by citizenship. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

Download this data

CSV · JSON — 24 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Eurostat).

About this data

Indicator
Over-qualification rates by citizenship
Unit
Percentage
Source
Eurostat
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (Eurostat)
Coverage
38 places, 1,011 data points, 1995–2025
Last refreshed