Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Spain
Spain: Over-qualification rates by citizenship was 33.8% in 2025. ▲ Rising
Latest (2025)
33.8%
Change on year
down 2.6%
World rank
2nd
of 45 countries
All-time high
37.1%
in 2018
All-time low
32.1%
in 2010
Years of data
31
1995–2025
Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Spain, 1995–2025
Source: Eurostat. Measured in Percentage.
Analysis
The most recent figure for over-qualification rates by citizenship in Spain is 33.8%, measured in 2025.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 2.6% on the previous year and down 8.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, over-qualification rates by citizenship in Spain peaked at 37.1% in 2018 and was at its lowest, 32.1%, in 2010.
That places Spain 2nd out of 45 countries with data for 2025, putting it in the top 10%.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 31 years of available data.
Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Spain, year by year
| Year | Percentage | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 33.4% | — |
| 1996 | 32.5% | -2.7% |
| 1997 | 32.6% | +0.3% |
| 1998 | 33.4% | +2.5% |
| 1999 | 34.3% | +2.7% |
| 2000 | 34.7% | +1.2% |
| 2001 | 33.9% | -2.3% |
| 2002 | 34.6% | +2.1% |
| 2003 | 35.1% | +1.4% |
| 2004 | 33.6% | -4.3% |
| 2005 | 35.4% | +5.4% |
| 2006 | 35.1% | -0.8% |
| 2007 | 34.5% | -1.7% |
| 2008 | 33.1% | -4.1% |
| 2009 | 32.4% | -2.1% |
| 2010 | 32.1% | -0.9% |
| 2011 | 34.9% | +8.7% |
| 2012 | 35.0% | +0.3% |
| 2013 | 35.2% | +0.6% |
| 2014 | 36.3% | +3.1% |
| 2015 | 36.9% | +1.7% |
| 2016 | 36.4% | -1.4% |
| 2017 | 36.7% | +0.8% |
| 2018 | 37.1% | +1.1% |
| 2019 | 36.4% | -1.9% |
| 2020 | 35.5% | -2.5% |
| 2021 | 35.8% | +0.8% |
| 2022 | 35.8% | +0.0% |
| 2023 | 35.6% | -0.6% |
| 2024 | 34.7% | -2.5% |
| 2025 | 33.8% | -2.6% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's 33.8% is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 20.1%, 1.7× the median. (34 countries reporting)
- Spain's 33.8% is above the median for high income countries, which is 20.0%, 1.7× the median. (31 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 33.2% | 32.5% | 34.3% | 5 |
| 2000s | 34.2% | 32.4% | 35.4% | 10 |
| 2010s | 35.7% | 32.1% | 37.1% | 10 |
| 2020s | 35.2% | 33.8% | 35.8% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More reference data data for Spain
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 3.18 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 2.85 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 11.76 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 0.898 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Agricultural Soils 11.76 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 10.67 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure Management 6.03 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 11.06 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 52.4 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 4.89 (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is over-qualification rates by citizenship in Spain?
- Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Spain was 33.8% in 2025, according to Eurostat.
- What is the highest over-qualification rates by citizenship recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 37.1% in 2018.
- What is the lowest over-qualification rates by citizenship recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 32.1% in 2010.
- How does Spain rank for over-qualification rates by citizenship?
- Spain ranks 2nd out of 45 countries with data for 2025.
- Is over-qualification rates by citizenship rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is down 8.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from Eurostat, published as part of Over-qualification rates by citizenship. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 31 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Eurostat).