Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income

Middle income: Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index was 0.9164 GPIA in 2019. ▲ Rising

Latest (2019)
0.9164 GPIA
Change on year
up 0.3%
Rank
18th
of 36 groups
All-time high
0.9164 GPIA
in 2019
All-time low
0.6596 GPIA
in 1975
Years of data
45
1975–2019

Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income, 1975–2019

00.20.40.60.811975199720191975: 0.66 GPIA1976: 0.66 GPIA1977: 0.66 GPIA1978: 0.665 GPIA1979: 0.67 GPIA1980: 0.672 GPIA1981: 0.681 GPIA1982: 0.688 GPIA1983: 0.692 GPIA1984: 0.7 GPIA1985: 0.707 GPIA1986: 0.713 GPIA1987: 0.718 GPIA1988: 0.75 GPIA1989: 0.758 GPIA1990: 0.764 GPIA1991: 0.773 GPIA1992: 0.776 GPIA1993: 0.782 GPIA1994: 0.788 GPIA1995: 0.794 GPIA1996: 0.801 GPIA1997: 0.836 GPIA1998: 0.843 GPIA1999: 0.847 GPIA2000: 0.852 GPIA2001: 0.855 GPIA2002: 0.858 GPIA2003: 0.861 GPIA2004: 0.864 GPIA2005: 0.863 GPIA2006: 0.87 GPIA2007: 0.872 GPIA2008: 0.875 GPIA2009: 0.88 GPIA2010: 0.892 GPIA2011: 0.895 GPIA2012: 0.897 GPIA2013: 0.898 GPIA2014: 0.903 GPIA2015: 0.906 GPIA2016: 0.909 GPIA2017: 0.911 GPIA2018: 0.914 GPIA2019: 0.916 GPIA

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPIA.

Analysis

In 2019, literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income stood at 0.9164 GPIA. That is the highest value across all 45 years on record.

The figure is up 0.3% on the previous year and up 4.2% over ten years.

Over the whole period, literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income peaked at 0.9164 GPIA in 2019 and was at its lowest, 0.6596 GPIA, in 1975.

That places Middle income 18th out of 36 groups with data for 2019, putting it in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 45 years of available data.

Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income, year by year

Annual values for Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) in Middle income, 1975 to 2019.
Year GPIA Change
1975 0.6596 GPIA
1976 0.6598 GPIA +0.0%
1977 0.6601 GPIA +0.0%
1978 0.6648 GPIA +0.7%
1979 0.6699 GPIA +0.8%
1980 0.6716 GPIA +0.3%
1981 0.6807 GPIA +1.4%
1982 0.6879 GPIA +1.1%
1983 0.6925 GPIA +0.7%
1984 0.7003 GPIA +1.1%
1985 0.7067 GPIA +0.9%
1986 0.7127 GPIA +0.9%
1987 0.7184 GPIA +0.8%
1988 0.7504 GPIA +4.5%
1989 0.7576 GPIA +1.0%
1990 0.764 GPIA +0.8%
1991 0.7726 GPIA +1.1%
1992 0.7763 GPIA +0.5%
1993 0.7816 GPIA +0.7%
1994 0.7878 GPIA +0.8%
1995 0.7943 GPIA +0.8%
1996 0.8007 GPIA +0.8%
1997 0.8363 GPIA +4.4%
1998 0.8425 GPIA +0.7%
1999 0.847 GPIA +0.5%
2000 0.8522 GPIA +0.6%
2001 0.855 GPIA +0.3%
2002 0.8579 GPIA +0.3%
2003 0.8608 GPIA +0.3%
2004 0.8639 GPIA +0.4%
2005 0.8634 GPIA -0.1%
2006 0.8704 GPIA +0.8%
2007 0.8721 GPIA +0.2%
2008 0.8755 GPIA +0.4%
2009 0.8797 GPIA +0.5%
2010 0.8923 GPIA +1.4%
2011 0.8954 GPIA +0.3%
2012 0.8966 GPIA +0.1%
2013 0.8982 GPIA +0.2%
2014 0.9032 GPIA +0.6%
2015 0.9061 GPIA +0.3%
2016 0.909 GPIA +0.3%
2017 0.9114 GPIA +0.3%
2018 0.9136 GPIA +0.2%
2019 0.9164 GPIA +0.3%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1970s 0.6628 GPIA 0.6596 GPIA 0.6699 GPIA 5
1980s 0.7079 GPIA 0.6716 GPIA 0.7576 GPIA 10
1990s 0.8003 GPIA 0.764 GPIA 0.847 GPIA 10
2000s 0.8651 GPIA 0.8522 GPIA 0.8797 GPIA 10
2010s 0.9042 GPIA 0.8923 GPIA 0.9164 GPIA 10

Countries ranked near Middle income

  1. 15 Chile 1 GPIA compare
  2. 16 Philippines 1 GPIA compare
  3. 17 Portugal 1 GPIA compare
  4. 18 Tonga 1 GPIA compare
  5. 19 Republic of Moldova 1 GPIA compare
  6. 20 Barbados 1 GPIA compare
  7. 20 Uzbekistan 1 GPIA compare

See the full ranking of 120 places →

More reference data data for Middle income

All data for Middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income?
Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income was 0.9164 GPIA in 2019, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
What is the highest literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index recorded in Middle income?
The highest recorded value was 0.9164 GPIA in 2019.
What is the lowest literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index recorded in Middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 0.6596 GPIA in 1975.
How does Middle income rank for literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index?
Middle income ranks 18th out of 36 groups with data for 2019.
Is literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index rising or falling in Middle income?
Over the last ten years it is up 4.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Middle income data come from?
The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 25 August 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/literacy-rate-population-25-64-years-adjusted-gender-parity-index-gpia/middle-income/

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About this data

Indicator
Literacy rate, population 25-64 years, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit
GPIA
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
120 places, 2,155 data points, 1970–2019
Last refreshed

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/