Initial government funding per pre-primary student as a percentage of GDP per capita by country
Total general (local, regional and central, current and capital) initial government funding of education per student, which includes transfers paid (such as scholarships to students), but excludes transfers received, in this case international transfers to government for education (when foreign donors provide...
What the numbers show
Initial government funding per pre-primary student as a percentage of GDP per capita is currently reported for 129 countries. The highest value is 36.3% in Ukraine; the lowest is 0.0% in Türkiye.
The median across all reporting countries is 11.3%, and the mean is 11.9%.
Over the past decade 56 countries rose and 45 fell. The largest increase was in Dominica (up 4,327.8%), and the largest decrease in Congo, Democratic Republic of the (down 100.0%).
Initial government funding per pre-primary student as a percentage of: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ukraine | 36.3% | 2017 | up 15.6% | rising |
| 2 | Niger | 33.9% | 2017 | — | volatile |
| 3 | Belarus | 32.2% | 2017 | down 6.6% | falling |
| 4 | Ecuador | 31.2% | 2018 | down 9.6% | volatile |
| 5 | Bulgaria | 29.7% | 2017 | up 15.7% | rising |
| 6 | Congo | 27.9% | 2010 | up 422.7% | volatile |
| 7 | Tajikistan | 27.5% | 2015 | up 85.6% | rising |
| 8 | Denmark | 26.8% | 2017 | up 92.2% | volatile |
| 9 | Republic of Moldova | 26.6% | 2018 | down 32.1% | falling |
| 10 | Sweden | 26.3% | 2017 | up 83.0% | rising |
| 11 | Cuba | 25.6% | 2010 | up 45.9% | falling |
| 12 | Russian Federation | 25.4% | 2013 | up 10.6% | rising |
| 13 | Iceland | 23.7% | 2017 | up 42.2% | rising |
| 14 | Puerto Rico | 22.8% | 2013 | — | volatile |
| 15 | Viet Nam | 22.7% | 2013 | up 65.3% | rising |
| 16 | Chile | 22.4% | 2017 | up 58.0% | rising |
| 17 | Hungary | 22.3% | 2017 | up 7.6% | rising |
| 18 | Kyrgyzstan | 22.3% | 2017 | down 30.2% | rising |
| 19 | Brazil | 21.3% | 2011 | — | rising |
| 20 | Finland | 21.2% | 2017 | up 77.6% | volatile |
| 21 | Latvia | 21.0% | 2017 | down 4.4% | falling |
| 22 | Norway | 21.0% | 2017 | up 130.6% | volatile |
| 23 | Thailand | 20.3% | 1997 | — | volatile |
| 24 | Switzerland | 20.1% | 2017 | up 130.3% | rising |
| 25 | New Zealand | 19.9% | 2017 | — | rising |
| 26 | Croatia | 19.0% | 2017 | down 17.8% | rising |
| 27 | Poland | 18.9% | 2017 | down 13.9% | falling |
| 28 | Italy | 18.8% | 2017 | up 17.9% | rising |
| 29 | Austria | 18.0% | 2017 | up 21.4% | rising |
| 30 | Belize | 18.0% | 2018 | up 273.6% | volatile |
| 31 | Slovenia | 17.8% | 2017 | down 30.9% | falling |
| 32 | Malta | 17.7% | 2017 | up 7.2% | volatile |
| 33 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 17.6% | 2015 | up 147.0% | volatile |
| 34 | Germany | 17.5% | 2017 | up 12.4% | rising |
| 35 | Bermuda | 17.4% | 2015 | down 22.4% | flat |
| 36 | Belgium | 17.1% | 2017 | up 14.7% | rising |
| 37 | Slovakia | 17.1% | 2017 | up 27.7% | rising |
| 38 | Lithuania | 16.9% | 2017 | down 18.2% | falling |
| 39 | Kuwait | 16.8% | 2014 | down 6.3% | volatile |
| 40 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 16.8% | 2018 | — | volatile |
| 41 | Portugal | 16.4% | 2017 | up 18.2% | volatile |
| 42 | Luxembourg | 16.4% | 2017 | up 5.5% | volatile |
| 43 | Honduras | 15.8% | 2013 | — | volatile |
| 44 | Spain | 15.8% | 2017 | down 1.4% | volatile |
| 45 | Côte d'Ivoire | 15.6% | 2018 | down 47.2% | volatile |
| 46 | Republic of Korea | 15.5% | 2016 | — | volatile |
| 47 | Trinidad and Tobago | 15.4% | 2007 | up 60.1% | volatile |
| 48 | Czechia | 15.3% | 2017 | up 17.4% | rising |
| 49 | Senegal | 15.1% | 2015 | up 207.1% | volatile |
| 50 | Uruguay | 14.7% | 2018 | up 161.7% | volatile |
| 51 | Armenia | 14.6% | 2017 | down 4.9% | falling |
| 52 | Israel | 14.1% | 2017 | up 32.3% | rising |
| 53 | Mongolia | 13.8% | 2017 | down 45.6% | falling |
| 54 | Andorra | 13.5% | 2019 | down 4.2% | rising |
| 55 | Mexico | 13.0% | 2011 | up 18.9% | rising |
| 56 | Aruba | 12.7% | 2014 | up 28.2% | rising |
| 57 | Argentina | 12.5% | 2017 | up 29.2% | volatile |
| 58 | United States | 12.2% | 2017 | — | rising |
| 59 | Seychelles | 12.1% | 2016 | up 107.2% | volatile |
| 60 | Guatemala | 11.9% | 2019 | up 29.9% | rising |
| 61 | Romania | 11.8% | 2017 | down 3.2% | rising |
| 62 | Maldives | 11.8% | 2019 | down 28.1% | falling |
| 63 | Peru | 11.7% | 2019 | up 50.0% | rising |
| 64 | Netherlands | 11.5% | 2017 | down 3.9% | volatile |
| 65 | Comoros | 11.3% | 2014 | — | volatile |
| 66 | Paraguay | 11.2% | 2016 | up 103.0% | volatile |
| 67 | Cyprus | 11.2% | 2017 | down 4.6% | rising |
| 68 | Australia | 10.7% | 2017 | up 153.2% | rising |
| 69 | Costa Rica | 10.6% | 2019 | down 25.6% | volatile |
| 70 | Azerbaijan | 10.6% | 2018 | down 35.8% | falling |
| 71 | India | 10.5% | 2013 | down 2.3% | falling |
| 72 | Dominica | 10.1% | 2019 | up 4,327.8% | volatile |
| 73 | Guyana | 10.0% | 2012 | down 14.4% | volatile |
| 74 | Hong Kong | 9.9% | 2019 | up 56.6% | volatile |
| 75 | El Salvador | 9.7% | 2018 | down 12.1% | rising |
| 76 | Japan | 9.7% | 2017 | up 164.7% | rising |
| 77 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 9.2% | 2014 | down 36.4% | volatile |
| 78 | Liechtenstein | 9.1% | 2011 | up 26.5% | rising |
| 79 | Benin | 8.7% | 2015 | down 13.9% | rising |
| 80 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 8.5% | 2014 | up 30.8% | flat |
| 81 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 8.3% | 2017 | down 58.1% | volatile |
| 82 | Burkina Faso | 8.1% | 2016 | down 8.9% | volatile |
| 83 | Dominican Republic | 7.7% | 2019 | up 73.8% | volatile |
| 84 | Central African Republic | 7.6% | 2009 | — | volatile |
| 85 | Kazakhstan | 7.1% | 2016 | up 14.3% | falling |
| 86 | Colombia | 6.8% | 2018 | down 23.5% | volatile |
| 87 | Oman | 6.7% | 2019 | — | volatile |
| 88 | South Africa | 6.5% | 2019 | up 57.5% | volatile |
| 89 | Estonia | 6.1% | 2013 | down 23.6% | volatile |
| 90 | Jamaica | 5.4% | 2019 | down 43.3% | flat |
| 91 | Cameroon | 5.2% | 2012 | — | volatile |
| 92 | Togo | 5.2% | 2015 | — | volatile |
| 93 | Ireland | 4.4% | 2015 | — | volatile |
| 94 | Nicaragua | 4.3% | 2010 | up 573.7% | volatile |
| 95 | Malaysia | 4.3% | 2019 | up 70.8% | volatile |
| 96 | Zimbabwe | 4.3% | 2013 | — | volatile |
| 97 | Panama | 3.9% | 2011 | down 32.4% | volatile |
| 98 | Ethiopia | 3.6% | 2015 | up 377.0% | volatile |
| 99 | Mauritius | 3.0% | 2019 | up 89.3% | volatile |
| 100 | Cambodia | 3.0% | 2014 | up 18.6% | falling |
| 101 | Philippines | 3.0% | 2008 | up 415.3% | volatile |
| 102 | Indonesia | 2.8% | 2014 | up 117.6% | rising |
| 103 | Serbia | 2.6% | 2018 | up 223.7% | volatile |
| 104 | Nepal | 2.1% | 2015 | — | volatile |
| 105 | Rwanda | 2.1% | 2018 | up 125.4% | volatile |
| 106 | Zambia | 1.9% | 2016 | — | volatile |
| 107 | Mali | 1.8% | 2017 | down 83.5% | volatile |
| 108 | Ghana | 1.6% | 2014 | down 87.5% | volatile |
| 109 | Monaco | 1.6% | 2016 | down 22.6% | flat |
| 110 | Kenya | 1.4% | 2015 | down 38.8% | volatile |
| 111 | Cape Verde | 1.2% | 2017 | up 222.5% | volatile |
| 112 | Iran | 1.2% | 2016 | down 86.6% | volatile |
| 113 | Fiji | 1.1% | 2004 | — | volatile |
| 114 | Brunei Darussalam | 1.0% | 2016 | — | volatile |
| 115 | Barbados | 0.9% | 2008 | down 91.8% | volatile |
| 116 | Madagascar | 0.8% | 2009 | — | volatile |
| 117 | Jordan | 0.8% | 2019 | down 66.4% | volatile |
| 118 | Eswatini | 0.6% | 2011 | — | volatile |
| 119 | Burundi | 0.3% | 2013 | down 94.4% | volatile |
| 120 | Lesotho | 0.3% | 2006 | — | volatile |
| 121 | Vanuatu | 0.1% | 2015 | down 83.9% | volatile |
| 122 | British Virgin Islands | 0.1% | 2015 | down 17.8% | volatile |
| 123 | Botswana | 0.0% | 2009 | — | volatile |
| 124 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 0.0% | 2015 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 124 | Saint Lucia | 0.0% | 2018 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 124 | Morocco | 0.0% | 2013 | — | volatile |
| 124 | Myanmar | 0.0% | 2019 | — | volatile |
| 124 | Tunisia | 0.0% | 2010 | — | volatile |
| 124 | Türkiye | 0.0% | 2006 | — | volatile |
About this data
Total general (local, regional and central, current and capital) initial government funding of education per student, which includes transfers paid (such as scholarships to students), but excludes transfers received, in this case international transfers to government for education (when foreign donors provide education sector budget support or other support integrated in the government budget). Calculation Method: Total general (local, regional and central) government expenditure (current and capital) on a given level of education (primary, secondary, etc) minus international transfers to government for education, divided by the number of student enrolled at that level of education. This is then expressed as a share of GDP per capita. Limitations: In some instances data on total government expenditure on education refers only to the Ministry of Education, excluding other ministries which may also spend a part of their budget on educational activities. There are also cases where it may not be possible to separate international transfers to government from general government expenditure on education, in which cases they have not been subtracted in the formula. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/