Gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income

Middle income: Gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index was 0.9942 GPIA in 2019. ▲ Rising

Latest (2019)
0.9942 GPIA
Change on year
down 0.3%
Rank
26th
of 41 groups
All-time high
1 GPIA
in 2013
All-time low
0.9073 GPIA
in 1973
Years of data
47
1973–2019

Gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income, 1973–2019

00.250.50.751197319962019

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPIA.

Analysis

The most recent figure for gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income is 0.9942 GPIA, measured in 2019.

That represents a change of down 0.3% on the previous year and up 0.6% over ten years.

Over the whole period, gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income peaked at 1 GPIA in 2013 and was at its lowest, 0.9073 GPIA, in 1973.

Middle income ranks 26th of 41 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 47 years of available data.

Gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income, year by year

Annual values for Gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA) in Middle income, 1973 to 2019.
Year GPIA Change
1973 0.9073 GPIA
1974 0.9087 GPIA +0.2%
1975 0.9134 GPIA +0.5%
1976 0.9205 GPIA +0.8%
1977 0.9294 GPIA +1.0%
1978 0.9323 GPIA +0.3%
1979 0.9367 GPIA +0.5%
1980 0.9422 GPIA +0.6%
1981 0.9423 GPIA +0.0%
1982 0.9474 GPIA +0.5%
1983 0.9436 GPIA -0.4%
1984 0.943 GPIA -0.1%
1985 0.9306 GPIA -1.3%
1986 0.9392 GPIA +0.9%
1987 0.946 GPIA +0.7%
1988 0.9402 GPIA -0.6%
1989 0.9409 GPIA +0.1%
1990 0.9399 GPIA -0.1%
1991 0.9522 GPIA +1.3%
1992 0.946 GPIA -0.7%
1993 0.9456 GPIA -0.0%
1994 0.9467 GPIA +0.1%
1995 0.9492 GPIA +0.3%
1996 0.952 GPIA +0.3%
1997 0.9572 GPIA +0.5%
1998 0.9628 GPIA +0.6%
1999 0.9611 GPIA -0.2%
2000 0.9631 GPIA +0.2%
2001 0.971 GPIA +0.8%
2002 0.9784 GPIA +0.8%
2003 0.9787 GPIA +0.0%
2004 0.9819 GPIA +0.3%
2005 0.9869 GPIA +0.5%
2006 0.9867 GPIA -0.0%
2007 0.9854 GPIA -0.1%
2008 0.9877 GPIA +0.2%
2009 0.9879 GPIA +0.0%
2010 0.9938 GPIA +0.6%
2011 0.9978 GPIA +0.4%
2012 1 GPIA +0.3%
2013 1 GPIA +0.2%
2014 1 GPIA -0.2%
2015 0.9974 GPIA -0.3%
2016 0.9972 GPIA -0.0%
2017 0.9972 GPIA -0.0%
2018 0.9971 GPIA -0.0%
2019 0.9942 GPIA -0.3%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1970s 0.9212 GPIA 0.9073 GPIA 0.9367 GPIA 7
1980s 0.9415 GPIA 0.9306 GPIA 0.9474 GPIA 10
1990s 0.9513 GPIA 0.9399 GPIA 0.9628 GPIA 10
2000s 0.9808 GPIA 0.9631 GPIA 0.9879 GPIA 10
2010s 0.9978 GPIA 0.9938 GPIA 1 GPIA 10

Countries ranked near Middle income

  1. 23 Samoa 1.06 GPIA compare
  2. 24 Ecuador 1.05 GPIA compare
  3. 25 Suriname 1.05 GPIA compare
  4. 26 Saudi Arabia 1.05 GPIA compare
  5. 27 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1.05 GPIA compare
  6. 28 Central African Republic 1.04 GPIA compare
  7. 29 Rwanda 1.04 GPIA compare

See the full ranking of 229 places →

More reference data data for Middle income

All data for Middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income?
Gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income was 0.9942 GPIA in 2019, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
What is the highest gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index recorded in Middle income?
The highest recorded value was 1 GPIA in 2013.
What is the lowest gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index recorded in Middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 0.9073 GPIA in 1973.
How does Middle income rank for gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index?
Middle income ranks 26th out of 41 groups with data for 2019.
Is gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index rising or falling in Middle income?
Over the last ten years it is up 0.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Middle income data come from?
The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index in Middle income. Statizoid, drawing on UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved 23 August 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/gross-enrolment-ratio-pre-primary-adjusted-gender-parity-index-gpia/middle-income/

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About this data

Indicator
Gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA)
Unit
GPIA
Source
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
229 places, 6,886 data points, 1970–2020
Last refreshed

The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/