Gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index in Lower middle income
Lower middle income: Gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index was 1 GPIA in 2019. ▲ Rising
Gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index in Lower middle income, 1970–2019
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Measured in GPIA.
Analysis
In 2019, gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index in Lower middle income stood at 1 GPIA.
The figure is down 0.5% on the previous year and up 1.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index in Lower middle income peaked at 1.01 GPIA in 2018 and was at its lowest, 0.8518 GPIA, in 1972.
That places Lower middle income 17th out of 41 groups with data for 2019, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 50 years of available data.
Gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index in Lower middle income, year by year
| Year | GPIA | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 0.8547 GPIA | — |
| 1971 | 0.8544 GPIA | -0.0% |
| 1972 | 0.8518 GPIA | -0.3% |
| 1973 | 0.8538 GPIA | +0.2% |
| 1974 | 0.8606 GPIA | +0.8% |
| 1975 | 0.8648 GPIA | +0.5% |
| 1976 | 0.8697 GPIA | +0.6% |
| 1977 | 0.8739 GPIA | +0.5% |
| 1978 | 0.8807 GPIA | +0.8% |
| 1979 | 0.886 GPIA | +0.6% |
| 1980 | 0.8952 GPIA | +1.0% |
| 1981 | 0.8864 GPIA | -1.0% |
| 1982 | 0.8934 GPIA | +0.8% |
| 1983 | 0.8868 GPIA | -0.7% |
| 1984 | 0.8847 GPIA | -0.2% |
| 1985 | 0.88 GPIA | -0.5% |
| 1986 | 0.8876 GPIA | +0.9% |
| 1987 | 0.8903 GPIA | +0.3% |
| 1988 | 0.8878 GPIA | -0.3% |
| 1989 | 0.8929 GPIA | +0.6% |
| 1990 | 0.8969 GPIA | +0.4% |
| 1991 | 0.8918 GPIA | -0.6% |
| 1992 | 0.889 GPIA | -0.3% |
| 1993 | 0.8833 GPIA | -0.6% |
| 1994 | 0.8863 GPIA | +0.3% |
| 1995 | 0.8929 GPIA | +0.8% |
| 1996 | 0.8934 GPIA | +0.1% |
| 1997 | 0.907 GPIA | +1.5% |
| 1998 | 0.9236 GPIA | +1.8% |
| 1999 | 0.9163 GPIA | -0.8% |
| 2000 | 0.9236 GPIA | +0.8% |
| 2001 | 0.9399 GPIA | +1.8% |
| 2002 | 0.9727 GPIA | +3.5% |
| 2003 | 0.9738 GPIA | +0.1% |
| 2004 | 0.9829 GPIA | +0.9% |
| 2005 | 0.9932 GPIA | +1.1% |
| 2006 | 0.9928 GPIA | -0.0% |
| 2007 | 0.9903 GPIA | -0.2% |
| 2008 | 0.9963 GPIA | +0.6% |
| 2009 | 0.9916 GPIA | -0.5% |
| 2010 | 1 GPIA | +1.0% |
| 2011 | 1 GPIA | +0.2% |
| 2012 | 1 GPIA | +0.0% |
| 2013 | 1 GPIA | -0.1% |
| 2014 | 1 GPIA | +0.0% |
| 2015 | 1 GPIA | +0.1% |
| 2016 | 1 GPIA | -0.0% |
| 2017 | 1 GPIA | +0.0% |
| 2018 | 1.01 GPIA | +0.1% |
| 2019 | 1 GPIA | -0.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 0.865 GPIA | 0.8518 GPIA | 0.886 GPIA | 10 |
| 1980s | 0.8885 GPIA | 0.88 GPIA | 0.8952 GPIA | 10 |
| 1990s | 0.8981 GPIA | 0.8833 GPIA | 0.9236 GPIA | 10 |
| 2000s | 0.9757 GPIA | 0.9236 GPIA | 0.9963 GPIA | 10 |
| 2010s | 1 GPIA | 1 GPIA | 1.01 GPIA | 10 |
Countries ranked near Lower middle income
More reference data data for Lower middle income
- Exchange rate, new LCU per USD extended backward, period average 6,782 (2021)
- CPI Price, nominal 469.5 (2026)
- CPI Price, nominal, seas. adj. 475.87 (2026)
- School age population, one year before than official primary entry age 28.75 million number (2019)
- School age population, one year before than official primary entry age 59.49 million number (2019)
- School age population, one year before than official primary entry age 30.74 million number (2019)
- School life expectancy, primary, both sexes 5.41 years (2019)
- School life expectancy, primary, female 5.37 years (2019)
- School life expectancy, primary, male 5.44 years (2019)
- Share of all students in secondary education enrolled in general progr 95.5% (2019)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index in Lower middle income?
- Gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index in Lower middle income was 1 GPIA in 2019, according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
- What is the highest gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index recorded in Lower middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 1.01 GPIA in 2018.
- What is the lowest gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index recorded in Lower middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.8518 GPIA in 1972.
- How does Lower middle income rank for gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index?
- Lower middle income ranks 17th out of 41 groups with data for 2019.
- Is gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index rising or falling in Lower middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is up 1.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Lower middle income data come from?
- The figures come from UNESCO Institute for Statistics, published as part of Gross enrolment ratio, pre-primary, adjusted gender parity index (GPIA). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The Adjusted Gender Parity Index (GPIA) is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted gender parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://uis.unesco.org/