R&D personnel by sector of performance - Regions by country
<p style="text-align: justify;">This table contains research and development (R&D) personnel statistics in large (TL2) regions. </p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Indicators covered</strong></p> <p>Number of R&D personnel is provided in both headcounts and full-time equivalent on R&D by...
What the numbers show
R&D personnel by sector of performance - Regions is currently reported for 39 countries. The highest value is 2.15 million Persons in United States; the lowest is 294 Persons in Montenegro.
The median across all reporting countries is 45,905 Persons, and the mean is 170,800 Persons.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 7,300.
Over the past decade 38 countries rose and 1 fell. The largest increase was in Poland, Republic of (up 360.5%), and the largest decrease in Russian Federation (down 12.3%).
R&D personnel by sector of performance - Regions: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 2.15 million Persons | 2022 | up 46.1% | rising |
| 2 | Japan | 779,099 Persons | 2023 | up 17.0% | rising |
| 3 | Germany | 632,551 Persons | 2023 | up 54.8% | rising |
| 4 | France | 412,151 Persons | 2023 | up 20.5% | rising |
| 5 | Russian Federation | 379,442 Persons | 2019 | down 12.3% | falling |
| 6 | United Kingdom | 364,877 Persons | 2018 | up 132.8% | rising |
| 7 | Italy | 291,014 Persons | 2023 | up 70.1% | volatile |
| 8 | Netherlands, The | 197,370 Persons | 2023 | up 35.0% | rising |
| 9 | Spain | 182,136 Persons | 2023 | up 42.2% | rising |
| 10 | Poland, Republic of | 174,982 Persons | 2023 | up 360.5% | volatile |
| 11 | Canada | 143,650 Persons | 2014 | up 3.9% | rising |
| 12 | Belgium | 119,732 Persons | 2023 | up 137.1% | rising |
| 13 | Sweden | 104,487 Persons | 2023 | up 59.1% | rising |
| 14 | Austria | 87,308 Persons | 2023 | up 33.7% | rising |
| 15 | Portugal | 81,044 Persons | 2023 | up 143.8% | volatile |
| 16 | Australia | 70,467 Persons | 2015 | up 61.3% | rising |
| 17 | Switzerland | 68,990 Persons | 2023 | up 33.4% | rising |
| 18 | Czech Republic | 65,630 Persons | 2024 | up 36.2% | rising |
| 19 | Denmark | 52,819 Persons | 2023 | up 18.9% | rising |
| 20 | Norway | 45,905 Persons | 2023 | up 62.1% | rising |
| 21 | Finland | 45,837 Persons | 2023 | up 12.2% | rising |
| 22 | Hungary | 43,131 Persons | 2023 | up 67.1% | volatile |
| 23 | Ireland | 40,956 Persons | 2023 | up 65.2% | volatile |
| 24 | Greece | 34,873 Persons | 2023 | up 234.4% | volatile |
| 25 | Bulgaria | 16,135 Persons | 2023 | up 255.3% | volatile |
| 26 | Slovenia, Republic of | 15,143 Persons | 2023 | up 18.8% | rising |
| 27 | Romania | 14,395 Persons | 2023 | up 25.0% | volatile |
| 28 | Croatia, Republic of | 9,655 Persons | 2023 | up 221.0% | volatile |
| 29 | Serbia, Republic of | 8,827 Persons | 2024 | up 177.4% | volatile |
| 30 | Lithuania, Republic of | 8,009 Persons | 2023 | up 131.8% | volatile |
| 31 | Estonia, Republic of | 5,517 Persons | 2023 | up 99.4% | rising |
| 32 | Chile | 4,950 Persons | 2016 | up 34.9% | rising |
| 33 | Luxembourg | 3,685 Persons | 2023 | up 5.5% | falling |
| 34 | Iceland | 3,578 Persons | 2023 | up 67.6% | rising |
| 35 | Latvia, Republic of | 2,930 Persons | 2023 | up 62.6% | rising |
| 36 | Malta | 1,635 Persons | 2023 | up 59.8% | volatile |
| 37 | Cyprus | 1,166 Persons | 2023 | up 143.9% | rising |
| 38 | North Macedonia, Republic of | 507 Persons | 2022 | up 264.7% | volatile |
| 39 | Montenegro | 294 Persons | 2019 | up 50.0% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Korea 523,024 Persons
- Slovak Republic 15,162 Persons
About this data
<p style="text-align: justify;">This table contains research and development (R&D) personnel statistics in large (TL2) regions. </p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Indicators covered</strong></p> <p>Number of R&D personnel is provided in both headcounts and full-time equivalent on R&D by sex, sector of performance (business enterprise, government, higher education, and private non-profit). </p> <p><strong>Definition of regions</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Regions are subnational units below national boundaries. OECD countries have two regional levels: large regions (territorial level 2 or TL2) and small regions (territorial level 3 or TL3). TL3 regions are grouped into typologies based on shared characteristics. See the <a href="https://webfs-cfe.oecd.org/files/.Stat/region/OECD%20Territorial%20correspondence%20-%20TL2024c.xlsx">OECD Territorial Correspondence Table (xls)</a> and the <a href="https://webfs-cfe.oecd.org/files/.Stat/region/OECD_territorial-grid_TL2024.pdf">OECD Territorial grid (pdf)</a>. </p> <p><strong>Cite this dataset</strong></p> <p>OECD Regions, Cities and Local Areas database <a href="http://oe.cd/geostats">http://oe.cd/geostats</a></p> <p><strong>Further information</strong></p> <ul> <li>Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development<a href="https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/frascati-manual-2015_9789264239012-en.html"> Frascati Manual 2015</a></li> <li>The interactive web-tool <a href="https://regions-cities-atlas.oecd.org/">OECD Regions and Cities Statistical Atlas</a> </li> <li>The report <a href="https://www.oecd.org/governance/oecd-regions-and-cities-at-a-glance-26173212.htm">OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance</a></li> </ul> <p>For any question or comment, please write to <a href="mailto:RegionStat@oecd.org">RegionStat@oecd.org</a></p>