Proportion of population facing financial hardship due to in Lower middle income

Lower middle income: Proportion of population facing financial hardship due to was 31.5% in 2022. ▼ Falling

Latest (2022)
31.5%
Change on year
down 2.0%
Rank
4th
of 12 groups
All-time high
37.5%
in 2009
All-time low
31.5%
in 2022
Years of data
23
2000–2022

Proportion of population facing financial hardship due to in Lower middle income, 2000–2022

0102030402000201120222000: 37 %2001: 36.7 %2002: 36.3 %2003: 36.1 %2004: 36.6 %2005: 35.6 %2006: 35.2 %2007: 35.2 %2008: 37 %2009: 37.5 %2010: 36.8 %2011: 37.1 %2012: 34.5 %2013: 34.9 %2014: 34.9 %2015: 34.4 %2016: 34 %2017: 33.1 %2018: 32.5 %2019: 32.7 %2020: 32.4 %2021: 32.1 %2022: 31.5 %

Source: Universal Health Coverage Dataset, World Health Organization (WHO). Measured in %.

Analysis

Lower middle income recorded 31.5% for proportion of population facing financial hardship due to in 2022. That is the lowest value across all 23 years on record.

The figure is down 2.0% on the previous year and down 8.7% over ten years.

Over the whole period, proportion of population facing financial hardship due to in Lower middle income peaked at 37.5% in 2009 and was at its lowest, 31.5%, in 2022.

The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 23 years of available data.

Proportion of population facing financial hardship due to in Lower middle income, year by year

Annual values for Proportion of population facing financial hardship due to out-of-pocket health expenditure (%) in Lower middle income, 2000 to 2022.
Year % Change
2000 37.0%
2001 36.7% -1.0%
2002 36.3% -0.9%
2003 36.1% -0.7%
2004 36.6% +1.5%
2005 35.6% -2.9%
2006 35.2% -1.2%
2007 35.2% +0.1%
2008 37.0% +5.2%
2009 37.5% +1.2%
2010 36.8% -1.9%
2011 37.1% +1.0%
2012 34.5% -7.1%
2013 34.9% +1.1%
2014 34.9% +0.1%
2015 34.4% -1.4%
2016 34.0% -1.1%
2017 33.1% -2.7%
2018 32.5% -1.7%
2019 32.7% +0.4%
2020 32.4% -1.0%
2021 32.1% -0.7%
2022 31.5% -2.0%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
2000s 36.3% 35.2% 37.5% 10
2010s 34.5% 32.5% 37.1% 10
2020s 32.0% 31.5% 32.4% 3

Countries ranked near Lower middle income

  1. 1 Nigeria 47.4% compare
  2. 2 Malawi 43.0% compare
  3. 3 Bangladesh 41.7% compare
  4. 4 Mali 40.1% compare
  5. 5 Cameroon 38.8% compare
  6. 6 Burkina Faso 38.6% compare
  7. 7 Niger 38.6% compare

See the full ranking of 92 places →

More reference data data for Lower middle income

All data for Lower middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is proportion of population facing financial hardship due to in Lower middle income?
Proportion of population facing financial hardship due to in Lower middle income was 31.5% in 2022, according to Universal Health Coverage Dataset, World Health Organization (WHO).
What is the highest proportion of population facing financial hardship due to recorded in Lower middle income?
The highest recorded value was 37.5% in 2009.
What is the lowest proportion of population facing financial hardship due to recorded in Lower middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 31.5% in 2022.
How does Lower middle income rank for proportion of population facing financial hardship due to?
Lower middle income ranks 4th out of 12 groups with data for 2022.
Is proportion of population facing financial hardship due to rising or falling in Lower middle income?
Over the last ten years it is down 8.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
Where does this Lower middle income data come from?
The figures come from Universal Health Coverage Dataset, World Health Organization (WHO), published as part of Proportion of population facing financial hardship due to out-of-pocket health expenditure (%). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Proportion of population facing financial hardship due to in Lower middle income. Statizoid, drawing on Universal Health Coverage Dataset, World Health Organization (WHO). Retrieved 09 September 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/proportion-of-population-facing-financial-hardship-due-to-out-of-pocket-health/lower-middle-income/

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About this data

Indicator
Proportion of population facing financial hardship due to out-of-pocket health expenditure (%)
Unit
%
Source
Universal Health Coverage Dataset, World Health Organization (WHO)
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
92 places, 1,175 data points, 1985–2024
Last refreshed

Proportion of population spending more than 40% of household discretionary budget on out-of-pocket health expenditure (%) The discretionary budget is defined as the total household budget, measured by consumption expenditure or income, minus the societal poverty line (SPL ). Using 2017 purchasing power parities (PPPs), the SPL corresponds to whichever is greater: $2.15 (the international poverty line) or $1.15 + 50% of median household consumption expenditure or income, excluding out-of-pocket household expenditure on health. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).