Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Estonia
Estonia: Over-qualification rates by citizenship was 24.4% in 2025. ▼ Falling
Latest (2025)
24.4%
Change on year
up 3.0%
World rank
9th
of 45 countries
All-time high
35.4%
in 1997
All-time low
21.5%
in 2021
Years of data
29
1997–2025
Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Estonia, 1997–2025
Source: Eurostat. Measured in Percentage.
Analysis
The most recent figure for over-qualification rates by citizenship in Estonia is 24.4%, measured in 2025.
The figure is up 3.0% on the previous year and down 6.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, over-qualification rates by citizenship in Estonia peaked at 35.4% in 1997 and was at its lowest, 21.5%, in 2021.
Estonia ranks 9th of 45 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 29 years of available data.
Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Estonia, year by year
| Year | Percentage | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 35.4% | — |
| 1998 | 26.4% | -25.4% |
| 1999 | 25.7% | -2.7% |
| 2000 | 23.9% | -7.0% |
| 2001 | 26.9% | +12.6% |
| 2002 | 26.6% | -1.1% |
| 2003 | 27.8% | +4.5% |
| 2004 | 25.6% | -7.9% |
| 2005 | 27.6% | +7.8% |
| 2006 | 26.1% | -5.4% |
| 2007 | 26.9% | +3.1% |
| 2008 | 27.5% | +2.2% |
| 2009 | 25.6% | -6.9% |
| 2010 | 23.4% | -8.6% |
| 2011 | 25.5% | +9.0% |
| 2012 | 27.3% | +7.1% |
| 2013 | 27.2% | -0.4% |
| 2014 | 25.9% | -4.8% |
| 2015 | 26.2% | +1.2% |
| 2016 | 24.8% | -5.3% |
| 2017 | 22.5% | -9.3% |
| 2018 | 22.0% | -2.2% |
| 2019 | 24.3% | +10.5% |
| 2020 | 23.8% | -2.1% |
| 2021 | 21.5% | -9.7% |
| 2022 | 22.2% | +3.3% |
| 2023 | 22.5% | +1.4% |
| 2024 | 23.7% | +5.3% |
| 2025 | 24.4% | +3.0% |
Estonia compared with similar countries
- Estonia's 24.4% is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 20.1%, 1.2× the median. (34 countries reporting)
- Estonia's 24.4% is above the median for high income countries, which is 20.0%, 1.2× the median. (31 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 29.2% | 25.7% | 35.4% | 3 |
| 2000s | 26.4% | 23.9% | 27.8% | 10 |
| 2010s | 24.9% | 22.0% | 27.3% | 10 |
| 2020s | 23.0% | 21.5% | 24.4% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More reference data data for Estonia
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 0.0827 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 0.0328 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 0.2652 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 0.0363 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Agricultural Soils 0.2652 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 0.2774 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure Management 0.193 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 0.1743 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 1.31 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 0.1975 (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is over-qualification rates by citizenship in Estonia?
- Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Estonia was 24.4% in 2025, according to Eurostat.
- What is the highest over-qualification rates by citizenship recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 35.4% in 1997.
- What is the lowest over-qualification rates by citizenship recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was 21.5% in 2021.
- How does Estonia rank for over-qualification rates by citizenship?
- Estonia ranks 9th out of 45 countries with data for 2025.
- Is over-qualification rates by citizenship rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is down 6.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from Eurostat, published as part of Over-qualification rates by citizenship. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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