Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Estonia
Estonia: Over-qualification rates by citizenship was 24.4 in 2025. ▼ Falling
Latest (2025)
24.4
Change on year
up 3.0%
World rank
9th
of 47 countries
All-time high
35.4
in 1997
All-time low
21.5
in 2021
Years of data
29
1997–2025
Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Estonia, 1997–2025
Source: Eurostat.
Analysis
The most recent figure for over-qualification rates by citizenship in Estonia is 24.4, measured in 2025.
The figure is up 3.0% on the previous year and down 6.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, over-qualification rates by citizenship in Estonia peaked at 35.4 in 1997 and was at its lowest, 21.5, in 2021.
Estonia ranks 9th of 47 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 29 years of available data.
Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Estonia, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 35.4 | — |
| 1998 | 26.4 | -25.4% |
| 1999 | 25.7 | -2.7% |
| 2000 | 23.9 | -7.0% |
| 2001 | 26.9 | +12.6% |
| 2002 | 26.6 | -1.1% |
| 2003 | 27.8 | +4.5% |
| 2004 | 25.6 | -7.9% |
| 2005 | 27.6 | +7.8% |
| 2006 | 26.1 | -5.4% |
| 2007 | 26.9 | +3.1% |
| 2008 | 27.5 | +2.2% |
| 2009 | 25.6 | -6.9% |
| 2010 | 23.4 | -8.6% |
| 2011 | 25.5 | +9.0% |
| 2012 | 27.3 | +7.1% |
| 2013 | 27.2 | -0.4% |
| 2014 | 25.9 | -4.8% |
| 2015 | 26.2 | +1.2% |
| 2016 | 24.8 | -5.3% |
| 2017 | 22.5 | -9.3% |
| 2018 | 22 | -2.2% |
| 2019 | 24.3 | +10.5% |
| 2020 | 23.8 | -2.1% |
| 2021 | 21.5 | -9.7% |
| 2022 | 22.2 | +3.3% |
| 2023 | 22.5 | +1.4% |
| 2024 | 23.7 | +5.3% |
| 2025 | 24.4 | +3.0% |
Estonia compared with similar countries
- Estonia's 24.4 is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 20.15, 1.2× the median. (34 countries reporting)
- Estonia's 24.4 is above the median for high income countries, which is 20, 1.2× the median. (31 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 29.17 | 25.7 | 35.4 | 3 |
| 2000s | 26.45 | 23.9 | 27.8 | 10 |
| 2010s | 24.91 | 22 | 27.3 | 10 |
| 2020s | 23.02 | 21.5 | 24.4 | 6 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More reference data data for Estonia
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 0.0827 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 0.0328 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 0.2652 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 0.0363 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Agricultural Soils 0.2652 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 0.2774 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure Management 0.193 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 0.1743 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 1.31 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 0.1975 (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is over-qualification rates by citizenship in Estonia?
- Over-qualification rates by citizenship in Estonia was 24.4 in 2025, according to Eurostat.
- What is the highest over-qualification rates by citizenship recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 35.4 in 1997.
- What is the lowest over-qualification rates by citizenship recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was 21.5 in 2021.
- How does Estonia rank for over-qualification rates by citizenship?
- Estonia ranks 9th out of 47 countries with data for 2025.
- Is over-qualification rates by citizenship rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is down 6.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from Eurostat, published as part of Over-qualification rates by citizenship. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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