Long-term residents by citizenship on 31 December of each year by country
Countries reporting
41
Highest
3.05 million Person
Spain
Lowest
1,731 Person
Ireland
Median
137,356 Person
Years covered
18
2008–2025
Data points
698
What the numbers show
Long-term residents by citizenship on 31 December of each year is currently reported for 41 countries. The highest value is 3.05 million Person in Spain; the lowest is 1,731 Person in Ireland.
The median across all reporting countries is 137,356 Person, and the mean is 466,332 Person.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 1,759.
Over the past decade 32 countries rose and 9 fell. The largest increase was in Germany (up 26,169.9%), and the largest decrease in Sweden (down 33.8%).
Long-term residents by citizenship on 31 December of each year: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spain | 3.05 million Person | 2025 | up 133.9% | volatile |
| 2 | France | 2.63 million Person | 2025 | up 33.8% | rising |
| 3 | Germany | 2.51 million Person | 2025 | up 26,169.9% | volatile |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 2.44 million Person | 2018 | up 59.7% | rising |
| 4 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 2.44 million Person | 2018 | up 59.7% | rising |
| 6 | Italy | 1.86 million Person | 2025 | down 22.2% | rising |
| 7 | Switzerland | 453,723 Person | 2025 | up 10.4% | rising |
| 8 | Austria | 337,277 Person | 2025 | up 22.5% | rising |
| 9 | Belgium | 318,195 Person | 2025 | up 207.5% | volatile |
| 10 | Czechia | 263,005 Person | 2025 | up 43.0% | rising |
| 11 | Poland | 234,945 Person | 2025 | up 215.0% | volatile |
| 11 | Poland | 234,945 Person | 2025 | up 215.0% | volatile |
| 13 | Sweden | 223,434 Person | 2025 | down 33.8% | volatile |
| 14 | Latvia | 211,747 Person | 2025 | down 30.4% | rising |
| 14 | Latvia | 211,747 Person | 2025 | down 30.4% | rising |
| 16 | Slovenia | 145,663 Person | 2025 | up 182.0% | volatile |
| 16 | Slovenia | 145,663 Person | 2025 | up 182.0% | volatile |
| 18 | Netherlands | 143,270 Person | 2025 | up 7.5% | rising |
| 18 | Netherlands | 143,270 Person | 2025 | up 7.5% | rising |
| 20 | Estonia | 137,356 Person | 2025 | down 18.3% | falling |
| 20 | Estonia | 137,356 Person | 2025 | down 18.3% | falling |
| 22 | Greece | 128,876 Person | 2025 | down 29.0% | volatile |
| 23 | Denmark | 118,909 Person | 2025 | up 24.9% | rising |
| 24 | Finland | 91,724 Person | 2025 | up 223.0% | volatile |
| 25 | Bulgaria | 76,153 Person | 2025 | up 457.1% | volatile |
| 26 | Portugal | 68,294 Person | 2025 | up 2,055.7% | volatile |
| 27 | Norway | 61,405 Person | 2025 | down 23.5% | rising |
| 28 | Hungary | 56,528 Person | 2025 | up 302.8% | volatile |
| 29 | Slovakia | 40,183 Person | 2025 | up 214.3% | volatile |
| 29 | Slovakia | 40,183 Person | 2025 | up 214.3% | volatile |
| 31 | Cyprus | 34,045 Person | 2025 | up 393.4% | volatile |
| 32 | Lithuania | 20,983 Person | 2025 | up 14.8% | rising |
| 32 | Lithuania | 20,983 Person | 2025 | up 14.8% | rising |
| 34 | Luxembourg | 19,539 Person | 2025 | up 65.4% | rising |
| 35 | Romania | 19,243 Person | 2025 | up 58.0% | rising |
| 36 | Malta | 18,469 Person | 2025 | up 1,550.5% | volatile |
| 37 | Croatia | 13,322 Person | 2025 | up 13.0% | rising |
| 37 | Croatia | 13,322 Person | 2025 | up 13.0% | rising |
| 39 | Iceland | 5,799 Person | 2024 | up 245.0% | volatile |
| 40 | Liechtenstein | 4,658 Person | 2025 | up 19.9% | rising |
| 41 | Ireland | 1,731 Person | 2025 | down 14.3% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- European Union - 27 countries (from 2020) 12.75 million Person