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Liberal Political Institutions Index in Spain

Spain: Liberal Political Institutions Index was 0.909 in 2025. ▲ Rising

Latest (2025)
0.909
Change on year
up 0.2%
World rank
19th
of 176 countries
All-time high
0.931
in 2006
All-time low
0.168
in 1940
Years of data
237
1789–2025

Liberal Political Institutions Index in Spain, 1789–2025

0.20.40.60.81178919072025

Source: V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.

Analysis

Spain recorded 0.909 for liberal political institutions index in 2025.

That represents a change of up 0.2% on the previous year and up 2.5% over ten years.

Over the whole period, liberal political institutions index in Spain peaked at 0.931 in 2006 and was at its lowest, 0.168, in 1940.

Spain ranks 19th of 176 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.

The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 237 years of available data.

Liberal Political Institutions Index in Spain, year by year

Year Value Change
1789 0.276 —
1790 0.276 +0.0%
1791 0.276 +0.0%
1792 0.276 +0.0%
1793 0.276 +0.0%
1794 0.276 +0.0%
1795 0.276 +0.0%
1796 0.276 +0.0%
1797 0.276 +0.0%
1798 0.276 +0.0%
1799 0.276 +0.0%
1800 0.276 +0.0%
1801 0.276 +0.0%
1802 0.276 +0.0%
1803 0.276 +0.0%
1804 0.276 +0.0%
1805 0.276 +0.0%
1806 0.276 +0.0%
1807 0.276 +0.0%
1808 0.268 -2.9%
1809 0.268 +0.0%
1810 0.281 +4.9%
1811 0.281 +0.0%
1812 0.382 +35.9%
1813 0.382 +0.0%
1814 0.379 -0.8%
1815 0.37 -2.4%
1816 0.37 +0.0%
1817 0.37 +0.0%
1818 0.37 +0.0%
1819 0.37 +0.0%
1820 0.387 +4.6%
1821 0.409 +5.7%
1822 0.409 +0.0%
1823 0.409 +0.0%
1824 0.374 -8.6%
1825 0.374 +0.0%
1826 0.374 +0.0%
1827 0.374 +0.0%
1828 0.374 +0.0%
1829 0.374 +0.0%
1830 0.374 +0.0%
1831 0.374 +0.0%
1832 0.374 +0.0%
1833 0.374 +0.0%
1834 0.421 +12.6%
1835 0.452 +7.4%
1836 0.452 +0.0%
1837 0.452 +0.0%
1838 0.452 +0.0%
1839 0.452 +0.0%
1840 0.452 +0.0%
1841 0.457 +1.1%
1842 0.457 +0.0%
1843 0.457 +0.0%
1844 0.457 +0.0%
1845 0.457 +0.0%
1846 0.457 +0.0%
1847 0.457 +0.0%
1848 0.457 +0.0%
1849 0.457 +0.0%
1850 0.457 +0.0%
1851 0.457 +0.0%
1852 0.464 +1.5%
1853 0.464 +0.0%
1854 0.464 +0.0%
1855 0.464 +0.0%
1856 0.464 +0.0%
1857 0.464 +0.0%
1858 0.464 +0.0%
1859 0.464 +0.0%
1860 0.464 +0.0%
1861 0.464 +0.0%
1862 0.464 +0.0%
1863 0.464 +0.0%
1864 0.464 +0.0%
1865 0.464 +0.0%
1866 0.464 +0.0%
1867 0.464 +0.0%
1868 0.464 +0.0%
1869 0.484 +4.3%
1870 0.505 +4.3%
1871 0.505 +0.0%
1872 0.505 +0.0%
1873 0.505 +0.0%
1874 0.505 +0.0%
1875 0.505 +0.0%
1876 0.505 +0.0%
1877 0.505 +0.0%
1878 0.505 +0.0%
1879 0.505 +0.0%
1880 0.505 +0.0%
1881 0.505 +0.0%
1882 0.505 +0.0%
1883 0.505 +0.0%
1884 0.505 +0.0%
1885 0.505 +0.0%
1886 0.505 +0.0%
1887 0.505 +0.0%
1888 0.505 +0.0%
1889 0.505 +0.0%
1890 0.516 +2.2%
1891 0.516 +0.0%
1892 0.516 +0.0%
1893 0.516 +0.0%
1894 0.516 +0.0%
1895 0.516 +0.0%
1896 0.516 +0.0%
1897 0.516 +0.0%
1898 0.516 +0.0%
1899 0.516 +0.0%
1900 0.516 +0.0%
1901 0.516 +0.0%
1902 0.516 +0.0%
1903 0.516 +0.0%
1904 0.516 +0.0%
1905 0.516 +0.0%
1906 0.516 +0.0%
1907 0.516 +0.0%
1908 0.517 +0.2%
1909 0.517 +0.0%
1910 0.517 +0.0%
1911 0.517 +0.0%
1912 0.517 +0.0%
1913 0.517 +0.0%
1914 0.517 +0.0%
1915 0.517 +0.0%
1916 0.517 +0.0%
1917 0.517 +0.0%
1918 0.517 +0.0%
1919 0.517 +0.0%
1920 0.517 +0.0%
1921 0.517 +0.0%
1922 0.513 -0.8%
1923 0.417 -18.7%
1924 0.31 -25.7%
1925 0.31 +0.0%
1926 0.31 +0.0%
1927 0.31 +0.0%
1928 0.31 +0.0%
1929 0.31 +0.0%
1930 0.31 +0.0%
1931 0.392 +26.5%
1932 0.687 +75.3%
1933 0.687 +0.0%
1934 0.672 -2.2%
1935 0.672 +0.0%
1936 0.619 -7.9%
1937 0.532 -14.1%
1938 0.529 -0.6%
1939 0.325 -38.6%
1940 0.168 -48.3%
1941 0.174 +3.6%
1942 0.175 +0.6%
1943 0.202 +15.4%
1944 0.206 +2.0%
1945 0.207 +0.5%
1946 0.215 +3.9%
1947 0.215 +0.0%
1948 0.215 +0.0%
1949 0.215 +0.0%
1950 0.22 +2.3%
1951 0.22 +0.0%
1952 0.22 +0.0%
1953 0.22 +0.0%
1954 0.22 +0.0%
1955 0.22 +0.0%
1956 0.219 -0.5%
1957 0.219 +0.0%
1958 0.227 +3.7%
1959 0.227 +0.0%
1960 0.241 +6.2%
1961 0.241 +0.0%
1962 0.241 +0.0%
1963 0.241 +0.0%
1964 0.241 +0.0%
1965 0.241 +0.0%
1966 0.241 +0.0%
1967 0.241 +0.0%
1968 0.241 +0.0%
1969 0.241 +0.0%
1970 0.246 +2.1%
1971 0.246 +0.0%
1972 0.246 +0.0%
1973 0.246 +0.0%
1974 0.246 +0.0%
1975 0.324 +31.7%
1976 0.354 +9.3%
1977 0.576 +62.7%
1978 0.861 +49.5%
1979 0.913 +6.0%
1980 0.913 +0.0%
1981 0.913 +0.0%
1982 0.9 -1.4%
1983 0.905 +0.6%
1984 0.905 +0.0%
1985 0.905 +0.0%
1986 0.903 -0.2%
1987 0.91 +0.8%
1988 0.91 +0.0%
1989 0.91 +0.0%
1990 0.91 +0.0%
1991 0.91 +0.0%
1992 0.91 +0.0%
1993 0.921 +1.2%
1994 0.921 +0.0%
1995 0.921 +0.0%
1996 0.922 +0.1%
1997 0.922 +0.0%
1998 0.922 +0.0%
1999 0.922 +0.0%
2000 0.915 -0.8%
2001 0.915 +0.0%
2002 0.915 +0.0%
2003 0.915 +0.0%
2004 0.93 +1.6%
2005 0.93 +0.0%
2006 0.931 +0.1%
2007 0.931 +0.0%
2008 0.931 +0.0%
2009 0.931 +0.0%
2010 0.93 -0.1%
2011 0.924 -0.6%
2012 0.896 -3.0%
2013 0.888 -0.9%
2014 0.888 +0.0%
2015 0.887 -0.1%
2016 0.91 +2.6%
2017 0.915 +0.5%
2018 0.919 +0.4%
2019 0.93 +1.2%
2020 0.9 -3.2%
2021 0.921 +2.3%
2022 0.904 -1.8%
2023 0.902 -0.2%
2024 0.907 +0.6%
2025 0.909 +0.2%

Spain compared with similar countries

  • Spain's 0.909 is above the median for high income countries, which is 0.872, 1.0× the median. (55 countries reporting)
  • Spain's 0.909 is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 0.8415, 1.1× the median. (48 countries reporting)

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1780s 0.276 0.276 0.276 1
1790s 0.276 0.276 0.276 10
1800s 0.2744 0.268 0.276 10
1810s 0.3555 0.281 0.382 10
1820s 0.3858 0.374 0.409 10
1830s 0.4177 0.374 0.452 10
1840s 0.4565 0.452 0.457 10
1850s 0.4626 0.457 0.464 10
1860s 0.466 0.464 0.484 10
1870s 0.505 0.505 0.505 10
1880s 0.505 0.505 0.505 10
1890s 0.516 0.516 0.516 10
1900s 0.5162 0.516 0.517 10
1910s 0.517 0.517 0.517 10
1920s 0.3824 0.31 0.517 10
1930s 0.5425 0.31 0.687 10
1940s 0.1992 0.168 0.215 10
1950s 0.2212 0.219 0.227 10
1960s 0.241 0.241 0.241 10
1970s 0.4258 0.246 0.913 10
1980s 0.9074 0.9 0.913 10
1990s 0.9181 0.91 0.922 10
2000s 0.9244 0.915 0.931 10
2010s 0.9087 0.887 0.93 10
2020s 0.9072 0.9 0.921 6

Countries ranked near Spain

  1. 16 Uruguay 0.926 compare
  2. 17 Lithuania 0.923 compare
  3. 18 South Korea 0.912 compare
  4. 19 Austria 0.909 compare
  5. 19 Seychelles 0.909 compare
  6. 22 Brazil 0.908 compare
  7. 22 Latvia 0.908 compare

See the full ranking of 176 places →

More reference data data for Spain

All data for Spain →

Frequently asked questions

What is liberal political institutions index in Spain?
Liberal political institutions index in Spain was 0.909 in 2025, according to V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.
What is the highest liberal political institutions index recorded in Spain?
The highest recorded value was 0.931 in 2006.
What is the lowest liberal political institutions index recorded in Spain?
The lowest recorded value was 0.168 in 1940.
How does Spain rank for liberal political institutions index?
Spain ranks 19th out of 176 countries with data for 2025.
Is liberal political institutions index rising or falling in Spain?
Over the last ten years it is up 2.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
Where does this Spain data come from?
The figures come from V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data, published as part of Liberal Political Institutions Index. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Liberal Political Institutions Index in Spain. Statizoid, drawing on V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data. Retrieved 23 September 2026, from https://reference.statizoid.com/stat/liberal-political-institutions-index/spain/

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About this data

Indicator
Liberal Political Institutions Index
Source
V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)
Coverage
176 places, 29,207 data points, 1789–2025
Last refreshed

Central estimate of the extent of individual and minority rights, equality before the law, and executive constraints.