Gross national income (GNI) per capita in Rwanda
Rwanda: Gross national income (GNI) per capita was 2,971 international-$ in 2021 prices in 2023. ▲ Rising
Gross national income (GNI) per capita in Rwanda, 1990–2023
Source: UNDP, Human Development Report (2025) – with minor processing by Our World in Data. Measured in international-$ in 2021 prices.
Analysis
Rwanda recorded 2,971 international-$ in 2021 prices for gross national income (gni) per capita in 2023. That is the highest value across all 34 years on record.
That represents a change of up 5.9% on the previous year and up 48.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross national income (gni) per capita in Rwanda peaked at 2,971 international-$ in 2021 prices in 2023 and was at its lowest, 577.29 international-$ in 2021 prices, in 1994.
That places Rwanda 168th out of 193 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 34 years of available data.
Gross national income (GNI) per capita in Rwanda, year by year
| Year | international-$ in 2021 prices | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 1,126 international-$ in 2021 prices | — |
| 1991 | 1,072 international-$ in 2021 prices | -4.8% |
| 1992 | 1,110 international-$ in 2021 prices | +3.6% |
| 1993 | 986.22 international-$ in 2021 prices | -11.2% |
| 1994 | 577.29 international-$ in 2021 prices | -41.5% |
| 1995 | 931.25 international-$ in 2021 prices | +61.3% |
| 1996 | 878.88 international-$ in 2021 prices | -5.6% |
| 1997 | 876.94 international-$ in 2021 prices | -0.2% |
| 1998 | 924.19 international-$ in 2021 prices | +5.4% |
| 1999 | 955.95 international-$ in 2021 prices | +3.4% |
| 2000 | 1,021 international-$ in 2021 prices | +6.8% |
| 2001 | 1,088 international-$ in 2021 prices | +6.6% |
| 2002 | 1,212 international-$ in 2021 prices | +11.4% |
| 2003 | 1,205 international-$ in 2021 prices | -0.6% |
| 2004 | 1,262 international-$ in 2021 prices | +4.7% |
| 2005 | 1,351 international-$ in 2021 prices | +7.0% |
| 2006 | 1,437 international-$ in 2021 prices | +6.4% |
| 2007 | 1,512 international-$ in 2021 prices | +5.3% |
| 2008 | 1,632 international-$ in 2021 prices | +7.9% |
| 2009 | 1,690 international-$ in 2021 prices | +3.5% |
| 2010 | 1,764 international-$ in 2021 prices | +4.4% |
| 2011 | 1,856 international-$ in 2021 prices | +5.2% |
| 2012 | 1,958 international-$ in 2021 prices | +5.5% |
| 2013 | 1,995 international-$ in 2021 prices | +1.9% |
| 2014 | 2,056 international-$ in 2021 prices | +3.0% |
| 2015 | 2,193 international-$ in 2021 prices | +6.7% |
| 2016 | 2,249 international-$ in 2021 prices | +2.5% |
| 2017 | 2,269 international-$ in 2021 prices | +0.9% |
| 2018 | 2,393 international-$ in 2021 prices | +5.5% |
| 2019 | 2,564 international-$ in 2021 prices | +7.1% |
| 2020 | 2,445 international-$ in 2021 prices | -4.7% |
| 2021 | 2,654 international-$ in 2021 prices | +8.6% |
| 2022 | 2,804 international-$ in 2021 prices | +5.7% |
| 2023 | 2,971 international-$ in 2021 prices | +5.9% |
Rwanda compared with similar countries
- Rwanda's 2,971 international-$ in 2021 prices is above the median for low income countries, which is 1,731 international-$ in 2021 prices, 1.7× the median. (24 countries reporting)
- Rwanda's 2,971 international-$ in 2021 prices is below the median for Sub-Saharan Africa, which is 3,464 international-$ in 2021 prices, 86% of the median. (48 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Gross national income (GNI) per capita in Rwanda changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | +61.3% | 577.29 international-$ in 2021 prices | 931.25 international-$ in 2021 prices |
| 1994 | -41.5% | 986.22 international-$ in 2021 prices | 577.29 international-$ in 2021 prices |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 943.93 international-$ in 2021 prices | 577.29 international-$ in 2021 prices | 1,126 international-$ in 2021 prices | 10 |
| 2000s | 1,341 international-$ in 2021 prices | 1,021 international-$ in 2021 prices | 1,690 international-$ in 2021 prices | 10 |
| 2010s | 2,130 international-$ in 2021 prices | 1,764 international-$ in 2021 prices | 2,564 international-$ in 2021 prices | 10 |
| 2020s | 2,718 international-$ in 2021 prices | 2,445 international-$ in 2021 prices | 2,971 international-$ in 2021 prices | 4 |
Countries ranked near Rwanda
- 165 Zambia 3,447 international-$ in 2021 prices compare
- 166 Vanuatu 3,404 international-$ in 2021 prices compare
- 167 Lesotho 3,029 international-$ in 2021 prices compare
- 169 Haiti 2,935 international-$ in 2021 prices compare
- 170 Togo 2,856 international-$ in 2021 prices compare
- 171 Gambia 2,812 international-$ in 2021 prices compare
More reference data data for Rwanda
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 0.2282 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 0.9517 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 1.38 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 0.1223 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Agricultural Soils 1.38 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 0.7651 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure Management 0.9517 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 4.27 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 6.98 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 0.666 (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross national income (gni) per capita in Rwanda?
- Gross national income (gni) per capita in Rwanda was 2,971 international-$ in 2021 prices in 2023, according to UNDP, Human Development Report (2025) – with minor processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest gross national income (gni) per capita recorded in Rwanda?
- The highest recorded value was 2,971 international-$ in 2021 prices in 2023.
- What is the lowest gross national income (gni) per capita recorded in Rwanda?
- The lowest recorded value was 577.29 international-$ in 2021 prices in 1994.
- How does Rwanda rank for gross national income (gni) per capita?
- Rwanda ranks 168th out of 193 countries with data for 2023.
- Is gross national income (gni) per capita rising or falling in Rwanda?
- Over the last ten years it is up 48.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Rwanda data come from?
- The figures come from UNDP, Human Development Report (2025) – with minor processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Gross national income (GNI) per capita. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Average income per person earned by residents of a country or region, including income earned abroad. This data is adjusted for inflation and for differences in living costs between countries.