Free and Fair Elections Index in Romania
Romania: Free and Fair Elections Index was 0.658 in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2025)
0.658
Change on year
down 15.3%
World rank
74th
of 176 countries
All-time high
0.899
in 2020
All-time low
0
in 1789
Years of data
237
1789–2025
Free and Fair Elections Index in Romania, 1789–2025
Source: V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.
Analysis
Romania recorded 0.658 for free and fair elections index in 2025.
That represents a change of down 15.3% on the previous year and down 15.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, free and fair elections index in Romania peaked at 0.899 in 2020 and was at its lowest, 0, in 1789.
Romania ranks 74th of 176 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Free and Fair Elections Index in Romania, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1789 | 0 | — |
| 1790 | 0 | — |
| 1791 | 0 | — |
| 1792 | 0 | — |
| 1793 | 0 | — |
| 1794 | 0 | — |
| 1795 | 0 | — |
| 1796 | 0 | — |
| 1797 | 0 | — |
| 1798 | 0 | — |
| 1799 | 0 | — |
| 1800 | 0 | — |
| 1801 | 0 | — |
| 1802 | 0 | — |
| 1803 | 0 | — |
| 1804 | 0 | — |
| 1805 | 0 | — |
| 1806 | 0 | — |
| 1807 | 0 | — |
| 1808 | 0 | — |
| 1809 | 0 | — |
| 1810 | 0 | — |
| 1811 | 0 | — |
| 1812 | 0 | — |
| 1813 | 0 | — |
| 1814 | 0 | — |
| 1815 | 0 | — |
| 1816 | 0 | — |
| 1817 | 0 | — |
| 1818 | 0 | — |
| 1819 | 0 | — |
| 1820 | 0 | — |
| 1821 | 0 | — |
| 1822 | 0 | — |
| 1823 | 0 | — |
| 1824 | 0 | — |
| 1825 | 0 | — |
| 1826 | 0 | — |
| 1827 | 0 | — |
| 1828 | 0 | — |
| 1829 | 0 | — |
| 1830 | 0 | — |
| 1831 | 0.048 | — |
| 1832 | 0 | -100.0% |
| 1833 | 0 | — |
| 1834 | 0 | — |
| 1835 | 0 | — |
| 1836 | 0.028 | — |
| 1837 | 0 | -100.0% |
| 1838 | 0 | — |
| 1839 | 0 | — |
| 1840 | 0 | — |
| 1841 | 0.035 | — |
| 1842 | 0 | -100.0% |
| 1843 | 0 | — |
| 1844 | 0 | — |
| 1845 | 0 | — |
| 1846 | 0.042 | — |
| 1847 | 0 | -100.0% |
| 1848 | 0 | — |
| 1849 | 0 | — |
| 1850 | 0 | — |
| 1851 | 0 | — |
| 1852 | 0 | — |
| 1853 | 0 | — |
| 1854 | 0 | — |
| 1855 | 0 | — |
| 1856 | 0 | — |
| 1857 | 0 | — |
| 1858 | 0 | — |
| 1859 | 0.017 | — |
| 1860 | 0.158 | +829.4% |
| 1861 | 0.301 | +90.5% |
| 1862 | 0.4 | +32.9% |
| 1863 | 0.4 | +0.0% |
| 1864 | 0.393 | -1.8% |
| 1865 | 0.33 | -16.0% |
| 1866 | 0.4 | +21.2% |
| 1867 | 0.422 | +5.5% |
| 1868 | 0.422 | +0.0% |
| 1869 | 0.412 | -2.4% |
| 1870 | 0.412 | +0.0% |
| 1871 | 0.352 | -14.6% |
| 1872 | 0.352 | +0.0% |
| 1873 | 0.352 | +0.0% |
| 1874 | 0.352 | +0.0% |
| 1875 | 0.349 | -0.9% |
| 1876 | 0.349 | +0.0% |
| 1877 | 0.349 | +0.0% |
| 1878 | 0.349 | +0.0% |
| 1879 | 0.355 | +1.7% |
| 1880 | 0.355 | +0.0% |
| 1881 | 0.355 | +0.0% |
| 1882 | 0.355 | +0.0% |
| 1883 | 0.35 | -1.4% |
| 1884 | 0.35 | +0.0% |
| 1885 | 0.35 | +0.0% |
| 1886 | 0.35 | +0.0% |
| 1887 | 0.35 | +0.0% |
| 1888 | 0.349 | -0.3% |
| 1889 | 0.349 | +0.0% |
| 1890 | 0.349 | +0.0% |
| 1891 | 0.353 | +1.1% |
| 1892 | 0.353 | +0.0% |
| 1893 | 0.353 | +0.0% |
| 1894 | 0.353 | +0.0% |
| 1895 | 0.345 | -2.3% |
| 1896 | 0.345 | +0.0% |
| 1897 | 0.345 | +0.0% |
| 1898 | 0.345 | +0.0% |
| 1899 | 0.345 | +0.0% |
| 1900 | 0.345 | +0.0% |
| 1901 | 0.357 | +3.5% |
| 1902 | 0.36 | +0.8% |
| 1903 | 0.36 | +0.0% |
| 1904 | 0.36 | +0.0% |
| 1905 | 0.357 | -0.8% |
| 1906 | 0.356 | -0.3% |
| 1907 | 0.358 | +0.6% |
| 1908 | 0.36 | +0.6% |
| 1909 | 0.36 | +0.0% |
| 1910 | 0.36 | +0.0% |
| 1911 | 0.355 | -1.4% |
| 1912 | 0.355 | +0.0% |
| 1913 | 0.357 | +0.6% |
| 1914 | 0.354 | -0.8% |
| 1915 | 0.354 | +0.0% |
| 1916 | 0.354 | +0.0% |
| 1917 | 0.354 | +0.0% |
| 1918 | 0.346 | -2.3% |
| 1919 | 0.337 | -2.6% |
| 1920 | 0.29 | -13.9% |
| 1921 | 0.276 | -4.8% |
| 1922 | 0.258 | -6.5% |
| 1923 | 0.254 | -1.6% |
| 1924 | 0.254 | +0.0% |
| 1925 | 0.254 | +0.0% |
| 1926 | 0.299 | +17.7% |
| 1927 | 0.311 | +4.0% |
| 1928 | 0.312 | +0.3% |
| 1929 | 0.351 | +12.5% |
| 1930 | 0.351 | +0.0% |
| 1931 | 0.329 | -6.3% |
| 1932 | 0.313 | -4.9% |
| 1933 | 0.314 | +0.3% |
| 1934 | 0.314 | +0.0% |
| 1935 | 0.314 | +0.0% |
| 1936 | 0.314 | +0.0% |
| 1937 | 0.313 | -0.3% |
| 1938 | 0.248 | -20.8% |
| 1939 | 0.09 | -63.7% |
| 1940 | 0 | -100.0% |
| 1941 | 0 | — |
| 1942 | 0 | — |
| 1943 | 0 | — |
| 1944 | 0 | — |
| 1945 | 0 | — |
| 1946 | 0.013 | — |
| 1947 | 0.114 | +776.9% |
| 1948 | 0.232 | +103.5% |
| 1949 | 0.235 | +1.3% |
| 1950 | 0.228 | -3.0% |
| 1951 | 0.228 | +0.0% |
| 1952 | 0.24 | +5.3% |
| 1953 | 0.371 | +54.6% |
| 1954 | 0.371 | +0.0% |
| 1955 | 0.371 | +0.0% |
| 1956 | 0.371 | +0.0% |
| 1957 | 0.397 | +7.0% |
| 1958 | 0.4 | +0.8% |
| 1959 | 0.4 | +0.0% |
| 1960 | 0.4 | +0.0% |
| 1961 | 0.401 | +0.3% |
| 1962 | 0.401 | +0.0% |
| 1963 | 0.401 | +0.0% |
| 1964 | 0.401 | +0.0% |
| 1965 | 0.402 | +0.2% |
| 1966 | 0.403 | +0.2% |
| 1967 | 0.403 | +0.0% |
| 1968 | 0.403 | +0.0% |
| 1969 | 0.399 | -1.0% |
| 1970 | 0.398 | -0.3% |
| 1971 | 0.398 | +0.0% |
| 1972 | 0.398 | +0.0% |
| 1973 | 0.398 | +0.0% |
| 1974 | 0.398 | +0.0% |
| 1975 | 0.408 | +2.5% |
| 1976 | 0.41 | +0.5% |
| 1977 | 0.41 | +0.0% |
| 1978 | 0.41 | +0.0% |
| 1979 | 0.41 | +0.0% |
| 1980 | 0.404 | -1.5% |
| 1981 | 0.403 | -0.2% |
| 1982 | 0.403 | +0.0% |
| 1983 | 0.403 | +0.0% |
| 1984 | 0.403 | +0.0% |
| 1985 | 0.398 | -1.2% |
| 1986 | 0.396 | -0.5% |
| 1987 | 0.396 | +0.0% |
| 1988 | 0.396 | +0.0% |
| 1989 | 0.396 | +0.0% |
| 1990 | 0.542 | +36.9% |
| 1991 | 0.541 | -0.2% |
| 1992 | 0.541 | +0.0% |
| 1993 | 0.539 | -0.4% |
| 1994 | 0.539 | +0.0% |
| 1995 | 0.539 | +0.0% |
| 1996 | 0.563 | +4.5% |
| 1997 | 0.625 | +11.0% |
| 1998 | 0.625 | +0.0% |
| 1999 | 0.625 | +0.0% |
| 2000 | 0.63 | +0.8% |
| 2001 | 0.673 | +6.8% |
| 2002 | 0.673 | +0.0% |
| 2003 | 0.686 | +1.9% |
| 2004 | 0.644 | -6.1% |
| 2005 | 0.593 | -7.9% |
| 2006 | 0.605 | +2.0% |
| 2007 | 0.605 | +0.0% |
| 2008 | 0.615 | +1.7% |
| 2009 | 0.718 | +16.7% |
| 2010 | 0.722 | +0.6% |
| 2011 | 0.722 | +0.0% |
| 2012 | 0.721 | -0.1% |
| 2013 | 0.716 | -0.7% |
| 2014 | 0.726 | +1.4% |
| 2015 | 0.778 | +7.2% |
| 2016 | 0.784 | +0.8% |
| 2017 | 0.845 | +7.8% |
| 2018 | 0.839 | -0.7% |
| 2019 | 0.866 | +3.2% |
| 2020 | 0.899 | +3.8% |
| 2021 | 0.848 | -5.7% |
| 2022 | 0.859 | +1.3% |
| 2023 | 0.842 | -2.0% |
| 2024 | 0.777 | -7.7% |
| 2025 | 0.658 | -15.3% |
Romania compared with similar countries
- Romania's 0.658 is below the median for high income countries, which is 0.929, 71% of the median. (55 countries reporting)
- Romania's 0.658 is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 0.8955, 73% of the median. (48 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Free and Fair Elections Index in Romania changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | +829.4% | 0.017 | 0.158 |
| 1947 | +776.9% | 0.013 | 0.114 |
| 1948 | +103.5% | 0.114 | 0.232 |
| 1832 | -100.0% | 0.048 | 0 |
| 1837 | -100.0% | 0.028 | 0 |
| 1842 | -100.0% | 0.035 | 0 |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1780s | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 1790s | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| 1800s | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| 1810s | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| 1820s | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| 1830s | 0.0076 | 0 | 0.048 | 10 |
| 1840s | 0.0077 | 0 | 0.042 | 10 |
| 1850s | 0.0017 | 0 | 0.017 | 10 |
| 1860s | 0.3638 | 0.158 | 0.422 | 10 |
| 1870s | 0.3571 | 0.349 | 0.412 | 10 |
| 1880s | 0.3513 | 0.349 | 0.355 | 10 |
| 1890s | 0.3486 | 0.345 | 0.353 | 10 |
| 1900s | 0.3573 | 0.345 | 0.36 | 10 |
| 1910s | 0.3526 | 0.337 | 0.36 | 10 |
| 1920s | 0.2859 | 0.254 | 0.351 | 10 |
| 1930s | 0.29 | 0.09 | 0.351 | 10 |
| 1940s | 0.0594 | 0 | 0.235 | 10 |
| 1950s | 0.3377 | 0.228 | 0.4 | 10 |
| 1960s | 0.4014 | 0.399 | 0.403 | 10 |
| 1970s | 0.4038 | 0.398 | 0.41 | 10 |
| 1980s | 0.3998 | 0.396 | 0.404 | 10 |
| 1990s | 0.5679 | 0.539 | 0.625 | 10 |
| 2000s | 0.6442 | 0.593 | 0.718 | 10 |
| 2010s | 0.7719 | 0.716 | 0.866 | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.8138 | 0.658 | 0.899 | 6 |
Countries ranked near Romania
More reference data data for Romania
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 1.5 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 1.03 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 4.59 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 0.689 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Indirect emissions (N2O) - Agricultural Soils 4.59 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils 5.04 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure Management 3.02 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture 3.93 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture 21.54 (2050)
- Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues 3.75 (2050)
Frequently asked questions
- What is free and fair elections index in Romania?
- Free and fair elections index in Romania was 0.658 in 2025, according to V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest free and fair elections index recorded in Romania?
- The highest recorded value was 0.899 in 2020.
- What is the lowest free and fair elections index recorded in Romania?
- The lowest recorded value was 0 in 1789.
- How does Romania rank for free and fair elections index?
- Romania ranks 74th out of 176 countries with data for 2025.
- Is free and fair elections index rising or falling in Romania?
- Over the last ten years it is down 15.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Romania data come from?
- The figures come from V-Dem (2026) – processed by Our World in Data, published as part of Free and Fair Elections Index. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 237 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
Central estimate of the extent to which registration fraud, systematic irregularities, government intimidation of the opposition, vote buying, and election violence are absent, and the election management body is autonomous and has enough staff and resources.