Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Cooling degree in Livorno
Livorno: Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Cooling degree was 291.09 Degree days in 2025. ▲ Rising
Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Cooling degree in Livorno, 1950–2025
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Degree days.
Analysis
Livorno recorded 291.09 Degree days for cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas — cooling degree in 2025.
That represents a change of down 15.7% on the previous year and down 5.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas — cooling degree in Livorno peaked at 389.99 Degree days in 2022 and was at its lowest, 62.49 Degree days, in 1977.
That places Livorno 406th out of 1314 regions with data for 2025, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 76 years of available data.
Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Cooling degree in Livorno, year by year
| Year | Degree days | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 234.02 Degree days | — |
| 1951 | 144.39 Degree days | -38.3% |
| 1952 | 230.76 Degree days | +59.8% |
| 1953 | 137.01 Degree days | -40.6% |
| 1954 | 82.85 Degree days | -39.5% |
| 1955 | 122.01 Degree days | +47.3% |
| 1956 | 106.48 Degree days | -12.7% |
| 1957 | 97.65 Degree days | -8.3% |
| 1958 | 139.79 Degree days | +43.2% |
| 1959 | 152.05 Degree days | +8.8% |
| 1960 | 92.91 Degree days | -38.9% |
| 1961 | 179.48 Degree days | +93.2% |
| 1962 | 202.3 Degree days | +12.7% |
| 1963 | 143.73 Degree days | -29.0% |
| 1964 | 175.12 Degree days | +21.8% |
| 1965 | 112.17 Degree days | -35.9% |
| 1966 | 90.85 Degree days | -19.0% |
| 1967 | 155.12 Degree days | +70.7% |
| 1968 | 88.27 Degree days | -43.1% |
| 1969 | 125.76 Degree days | +42.5% |
| 1970 | 153.41 Degree days | +22.0% |
| 1971 | 175.19 Degree days | +14.2% |
| 1972 | 78.45 Degree days | -55.2% |
| 1973 | 175.33 Degree days | +123.5% |
| 1974 | 124.93 Degree days | -28.7% |
| 1975 | 149.95 Degree days | +20.0% |
| 1976 | 100.71 Degree days | -32.8% |
| 1977 | 62.49 Degree days | -37.9% |
| 1978 | 84.43 Degree days | +35.1% |
| 1979 | 143.24 Degree days | +69.7% |
| 1980 | 83.32 Degree days | -41.8% |
| 1981 | 114.28 Degree days | +37.1% |
| 1982 | 187.59 Degree days | +64.1% |
| 1983 | 171.18 Degree days | -8.7% |
| 1984 | 87.89 Degree days | -48.7% |
| 1985 | 186.68 Degree days | +112.4% |
| 1986 | 171.96 Degree days | -7.9% |
| 1987 | 186.98 Degree days | +8.7% |
| 1988 | 178.15 Degree days | -4.7% |
| 1989 | 140.97 Degree days | -20.9% |
| 1990 | 165.78 Degree days | +17.6% |
| 1991 | 189.25 Degree days | +14.2% |
| 1992 | 181.17 Degree days | -4.3% |
| 1993 | 171.7 Degree days | -5.2% |
| 1994 | 253.79 Degree days | +47.8% |
| 1995 | 164.5 Degree days | -35.2% |
| 1996 | 128.69 Degree days | -21.8% |
| 1997 | 173 Degree days | +34.4% |
| 1998 | 201.8 Degree days | +16.6% |
| 1999 | 189.16 Degree days | -6.3% |
| 2000 | 177.83 Degree days | -6.0% |
| 2001 | 192.69 Degree days | +8.4% |
| 2002 | 149.99 Degree days | -22.2% |
| 2003 | 379.7 Degree days | +153.1% |
| 2004 | 183.03 Degree days | -51.8% |
| 2005 | 186.34 Degree days | +1.8% |
| 2006 | 238.1 Degree days | +27.8% |
| 2007 | 149.34 Degree days | -37.3% |
| 2008 | 197.74 Degree days | +32.4% |
| 2009 | 247.93 Degree days | +25.4% |
| 2010 | 181.05 Degree days | -27.0% |
| 2011 | 205.91 Degree days | +13.7% |
| 2012 | 266.95 Degree days | +29.6% |
| 2013 | 222.76 Degree days | -16.6% |
| 2014 | 128.91 Degree days | -42.1% |
| 2015 | 306.72 Degree days | +137.9% |
| 2016 | 240.8 Degree days | -21.5% |
| 2017 | 284.84 Degree days | +18.3% |
| 2018 | 300.42 Degree days | +5.5% |
| 2019 | 314.65 Degree days | +4.7% |
| 2020 | 249.44 Degree days | -20.7% |
| 2021 | 250.26 Degree days | +0.3% |
| 2022 | 389.99 Degree days | +55.8% |
| 2023 | 332.25 Degree days | -14.8% |
| 2024 | 345.28 Degree days | +3.9% |
| 2025 | 291.09 Degree days | -15.7% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950s | 144.7 Degree days | 82.85 Degree days | 234.02 Degree days | 10 |
| 1960s | 136.57 Degree days | 88.27 Degree days | 202.3 Degree days | 10 |
| 1970s | 124.81 Degree days | 62.49 Degree days | 175.33 Degree days | 10 |
| 1980s | 150.9 Degree days | 83.32 Degree days | 187.59 Degree days | 10 |
| 1990s | 181.88 Degree days | 128.69 Degree days | 253.79 Degree days | 10 |
| 2000s | 210.27 Degree days | 149.34 Degree days | 379.7 Degree days | 10 |
| 2010s | 245.3 Degree days | 128.91 Degree days | 314.65 Degree days | 10 |
| 2020s | 309.72 Degree days | 249.44 Degree days | 389.99 Degree days | 6 |
More reference data data for Livorno
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Change in heating -363.39 Degree days (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs 684.42 Degree days (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Change in cooling 106.81 Degree days (2025)
- Precipitation - Cities and FUAs — Change in extreme precipitation 6.64 Days per year (2024)
- Precipitation - Cities and FUAs — Extreme precipitation days 17.33 Days per year (2024)
- Assumptions for probability of dying by age, sex, type of projection 0.0002 (2100)
- Cooling and heating degree days by NUTS 2 regions - monthly data 203.62 (2025)
- Cooling and heating degree days by NUTS 2 regions - annual data 1,054 (2025)
- Dependency ratio - Cities and FUAs 44.7 Percentage of population aged 15-64 years (2024)
- Wind threats - Cities and FUAs — Exposure to wind threats 2.15 Percentage of area (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas — cooling degree in Livorno?
- Cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas — cooling degree in Livorno was 291.09 Degree days in 2025, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas — cooling degree recorded in Livorno?
- The highest recorded value was 389.99 Degree days in 2022.
- What is the lowest cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas — cooling degree recorded in Livorno?
- The lowest recorded value was 62.49 Degree days in 1977.
- How does Livorno rank for cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas — cooling degree?
- Livorno ranks 406th out of 1314 regions with data for 2025.
- Is cooling and heating degree days - cities and fuas — cooling degree rising or falling in Livorno?
- Over the last ten years it is down 5.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Livorno data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs — Cooling degree days. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 76 observations, free to reuse under OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
This dataset provides indicators of Cooling and Heating Degree Days (CDDs and HDDs) for FUAs and cities. CDDs and HDDs are measurements used to estimate energy usage based on outdoor temperature. CDD measures the demand for cooling, while HDD measures the demand for heating, both calculated relative to a baseline temperature. Data sources and methodology The indicators use 0.1-degree resolution grids from the ERA5-Land dataset. ERA5-Land is used as it provides harmonised, globally consistent coverage at fine spatial resolution (0.1 degree), enabling the production of comparable subnational indicators also where national meteorological data are not available at the required scale. Annual CDDs are the sum over a year of the differences between the daily mean outdoor air temperature and the threshold temperature when the outdoor temperature is above the threshold temperature. HDDs are the sum over a year of the differences between the threshold temperature and the daily mean outdoor air temperature when the outdoor temperature is below the threshold temperature. Threshold temperatures are set to 22°C for CDDs and 15°C for HDDs. These estimates may differ from official subnational climate statistics due to differences in methodological approaches, such as the use of reanalysis based top down modelling versus in situ observations, along with variations in input data sources, spatial resolution, and the models and algorithms used to generate temperature estimates. Defining FUAs and cities The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised definition of functional urban areas (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns (OECD, 2012). FUAs consist of: A city – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city. A commuting zone – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city. The delineation process includes: Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA. Excluding non-contiguous municipalities. The correspondence table between SAUs and FUAs/cities is available in parquet and csv format. The definition identifies 1 272 FUAs and 1 269 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries. Cite this dataset OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (Cooling and heating degree days - Cities and FUAs), http://oe.cd/geostats Further information OECD Local Data Portal OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance For questions and/or comments, please email CitiesStat@oecd.org