Competitive elections by country
Whether the outcomes of elections are uncertain because their timing is not violated, voters are not systematically coerced, and election fraud is not consequential.
Countries reporting
193
Highest
1
Albania
Lowest
0
Vatican
Median
1
Years covered
237
1789–2025
Data points
32,485
What the numbers show
Competitive elections is currently reported for 193 countries. The highest value is 1 in Albania; the lowest is 0 in Vatican.
The median across all reporting countries is 1, and the mean is 0.5803.
Competitive elections: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Albania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Andorra | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Argentina | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Armenia | 1 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 1 | Antigua and Barbuda | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Australia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Austria | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Belgium | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Bulgaria | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bahamas | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Belize | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bolivia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Brazil | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Barbados | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bhutan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Botswana | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Canada | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Switzerland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Chile | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Colombia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Cape Verde | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Costa Rica | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Cyprus | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Czechia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Germany | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Dominica | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Denmark | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Dominican Republic | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Ecuador | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Spain | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Estonia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Finland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Fiji | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | France | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Micronesia (country) | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | United Kingdom | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Ghana | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Gambia | 1 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 1 | Greece | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Grenada | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Guatemala | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Guyana | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Honduras | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Croatia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Hungary | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Indonesia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | India | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Iraq | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Iceland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Israel | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Italy | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Jamaica | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Japan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Kenya | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Kiribati | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | South Korea | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Lebanon | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Liberia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Saint Lucia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Sri Lanka | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Lesotho | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Lithuania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Latvia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Moldova | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Maldives | 1 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 1 | Mexico | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Marshall Islands | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | North Macedonia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Montenegro | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Mongolia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Mauritius | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Malawi | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Malaysia | 1 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 1 | Namibia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Netherlands | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Norway | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Nepal | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Nauru | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | New Zealand | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Panama | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Peru | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Philippines | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Palau | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Papua New Guinea | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Poland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Portugal | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Paraguay | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Romania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Senegal | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Solomon Islands | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | San Marino | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Sao Tome and Principe | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Suriname | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Slovakia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Slovenia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Sweden | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Seychelles | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | East Timor | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Tonga | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Trinidad and Tobago | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Tuvalu | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Ukraine | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Uruguay | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | United States | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 1 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Vanuatu | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Samoa | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | South Africa | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Zambia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Taiwan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 116 | Afghanistan | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Angola | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | United Arab Emirates | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Azerbaijan | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Burundi | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Benin | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Burkina Faso | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Bangladesh | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Bahrain | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Belarus | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Brunei | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Central African Republic | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | China | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Cameroon | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Congo | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Comoros | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Cuba | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Djibouti | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Algeria | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Egypt | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Eritrea | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Ethiopia | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Gabon | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Georgia | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Guinea | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Guinea-Bissau | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Equatorial Guinea | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Haiti | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Iran | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Jordan | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Kazakhstan | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Kyrgyzstan | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Cambodia | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Kuwait | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Laos | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Libya | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Morocco | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Monaco | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Madagascar | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Mali | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Myanmar | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Mozambique | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Mauritania | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Niger | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Nigeria | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Nicaragua | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Oman | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Pakistan | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | North Korea | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Palestine | 0 | 1947 | — | flat |
| 116 | Qatar | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Russia | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Rwanda | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Saudi Arabia | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Sudan | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Singapore | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Sierra Leone | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | El Salvador | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Somalia | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Serbia | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | South Sudan | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Eswatini | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Syria | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Chad | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Togo | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Thailand | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Tajikistan | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Turkmenistan | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Tunisia | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Turkey | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Tanzania | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Uganda | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Uzbekistan | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Venezuela | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Vietnam | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Yemen | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Zimbabwe | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Western Sahara | 0 | 2025 | — | flat |
| 116 | Vatican | 0 | 1869 | — | flat |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- USSR 0
About this data
Whether the outcomes of elections are uncertain because their timing is not violated, voters are not systematically coerced, and election fraud is not consequential.