Competitive elections by country
Whether the outcomes of elections are uncertain because their timing is not violated, voters are not systematically coerced, and election fraud is not consequential.
Countries reporting
147
Highest
1
Albania
Lowest
0
Venezuela
Median
1
Years covered
237
1789–2025
Data points
32,485
What the numbers show
Competitive elections is currently reported for 147 countries. The highest value is 1 in Albania; the lowest is 0 in Venezuela.
The median across all reporting countries is 1, and the mean is 0.7823.
Competitive elections: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Albania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Andorra | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Argentina | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Armenia | 1 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 1 | Antigua and Barbuda | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Australia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Austria | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Belgium | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Bulgaria | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bahamas | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Belize | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bolivia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Brazil | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Barbados | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Bhutan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Botswana | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Canada | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Switzerland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Chile | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Colombia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Cape Verde | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Costa Rica | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Cyprus | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Czechia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Germany | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Dominica | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Denmark | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Dominican Republic | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Ecuador | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Spain | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Estonia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Finland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Fiji | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | France | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Micronesia (country) | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | United Kingdom | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Ghana | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Gambia | 1 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 1 | Greece | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Grenada | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Guatemala | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Guyana | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Honduras | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Croatia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Hungary | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Indonesia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | India | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Ireland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Iraq | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Iceland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Israel | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Italy | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Jamaica | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Japan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Kenya | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Kiribati | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | South Korea | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Lebanon | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Liberia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Saint Lucia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Sri Lanka | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Lesotho | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Lithuania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Luxembourg | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Latvia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Moldova | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Maldives | 1 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 1 | Mexico | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Marshall Islands | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | North Macedonia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Malta | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Montenegro | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Mongolia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Mauritius | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Malawi | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Malaysia | 1 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 1 | Namibia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Netherlands | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Norway | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Nepal | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Nauru | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | New Zealand | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Panama | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Peru | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Philippines | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Palau | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Papua New Guinea | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Poland | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Portugal | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Paraguay | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Romania | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Senegal | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Solomon Islands | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | San Marino | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Sao Tome and Principe | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Suriname | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Slovakia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Slovenia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Sweden | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Seychelles | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | East Timor | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Tonga | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Trinidad and Tobago | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Tuvalu | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | rising |
| 1 | Ukraine | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Uruguay | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | United States | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | flat |
| 1 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Vanuatu | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Samoa | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | South Africa | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Zambia | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 1 | Taiwan | 1 | 2025 | unchanged | volatile |
| 116 | Burundi | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Benin | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Burkina Faso | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Bangladesh | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Central African Republic | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Comoros | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Cuba | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Georgia | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Guinea-Bissau | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Haiti | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Laos | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Libya | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Madagascar | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Mali | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Myanmar | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Mozambique | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Niger | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Nigeria | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Nicaragua | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Pakistan | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Russia | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Sudan | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Sierra Leone | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | El Salvador | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Somalia | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Serbia | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Thailand | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Tunisia | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Turkey | 0 | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 116 | Uganda | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 116 | Venezuela | 0 | 2025 | — | volatile |
About this data
Whether the outcomes of elections are uncertain because their timing is not violated, voters are not systematically coerced, and election fraud is not consequential.